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(英语)被动语态
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被动语态，即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：和被动语态。主动语态表示是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。外文名passive voice表达形式"被"、"受"等被动词（汉语）
英语被动语态的构成通常是：“be+done”。但“get+done”也可以构成，用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作本身。如： The man got hurt on his way home. 那个男人在回家的路上受伤了。 How did the glass get broken? 杯子怎么破了？
例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 中文Chinese是动词speak的承受者。被例如中文常说：我被他打，这就是一种被动。但有时由于句子结构上的需要也要用被动，例如It is not unusual for workers in that region to be paid more than a month it 在句中作。而to be paid more than a month是句子的逻辑主语。结合选项全句的意思是：“那个地方的工人一个多月后才得到工资是常有的事”。当要被改成被动的时候，我们把原句的宾语提前，作为该句的主语，主语后置，作为宾语。因此有一点要注意，由于不加宾语，没有被动形式，但不及物动词如果与某些介词构成，可以用被动。例如The fire had been put out before the fireman arrived. Put在此处是不及物动词，但put out是及物动词。
am\is\are+(p.p)
will\be going to
will be +(p.p)
am\is\are+V.ing
am\is\are+being+(p.p)
①was\were②V.ed
was\were+(p.p)
have\has+V.p.p
have\has+been+(p.p)
过去完成时
had+been+(p.p)
过去进行时
was\were+V.ing
was\were+being+(p.p)
情态动词+V.
情态动词+be+(p.p)
①（，一般将来时）：am, is, are, was, were, is going to be , will be+done . 例如： Once environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the system to recover. 本句的意思是：“环境一旦遭到破坏，需要多年时间才能恢复过来。”do作为有“引起，产生”的含义，do damage的意思是“造成破坏”。主语damage是及物动词do的动作对象，谓语应当用被动语态。
④ 其他以此类推，可得到结果。
⑤的被动语态：主语 + 情态动词 + be动词 + 动词，例如Your teeth must be brushed.
⑥不定式的被动语态：to be done例：The no-shows have to be considered when deciding the rate of overbooking.（确定超过接待能力的预定时必须考虑预定了房间却来不了的客人。① 有些动词在主动结构中，后面接不带to的不定式，但如果改为被动，则需把省略的to加上，这类有 [let, make, have,help]和感官动词[feel,see,hear,watch,look at,listen to]，如：The boss made my grandfather work 10hours a day.改成My grandfather was made to work for 10 hours a day.
② 含有的主动结构变为被动，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面/也可采用另一种形式，这类动词有：know, say, believe, find, think, report等
③ 不是所有的主动句都可以变换成，更不是所有的被动句都可以自由变换成主动句。虽然语法原则上允许主动和被动句的互相转换，但有的句子转换后会变成不通顺或不地道的英语句子。因此，在某些题目里，这也成为判断应该用主动还是用被动的依据。
例：At 5:05 p.m. on Saturday 19th July , there was an accident at the junction of the Main Street and Panda Road when a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van. The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital where he was treated for shock and a broken arm.
在这段文章里，a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van这句被动句强调出读到文章的人最关心的事故的受害者。The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital这句话则说明了孩子被送到医院的事实，至于是由谁（某个过路人？或肇事司机？）送的不重要。he was treated for shock and a broken arm这句被动句无须说出treat这个动作的发出者，因为在医院，伤病员自然由医务人员处理，无须啰嗦。这样，这段文章就重点突出，条理清楚了。
④ 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。多是把变为主语。这样句子自然些。变为主语时，间接宾语要变为某个介词的宾语，介词to可以省略。如His father left him this house.改为This house was left (to) him by his father.
⑤ 有些动词虽为及物，但宾语并非是动作承受者，不能转换，这些动词有have, hold（容纳）,suit, fit, lack, become（适合）contain, cost, last, mean, suffice（足够）等。
⑥ 当直接宾语为反身代词、或宾语前有指代主语的时不用被动，如I shook my head.我摇摇头。
⑦ 当宾语为（与主句指同一人），，或一个时不用被动。如John enjoyed seeing the fil,.
⑧ 在一些固定说法中，有些名词和动词结合的固定说法，不能改We Chinese always keep our word.
⑨ 某些从不及物动词转化来的及物动词，直接宾语在表示动作的方式或效果时，这些动词在意思上起的作用，没有被动The girl kissed her boyfriend good night=The girl said good night to her boyfriend by kissing him.(这个女孩说了并且亲了他的男朋友）
⑩ 表地点\处所\组织\长度\大小\数量\程度\抽象名词的词做宾语时不用被动.
(11) 某些“不及物动词+介词”短语walk into, listen to, sleep in, agree with, shake hands with, belong to, take part in, keep up with不能用被动。
(12) 某些词用主动表被动：sell, miss, build, grow, smell, taste, sound, feel等1.一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的
Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
I am asked to study hard.
Knives are used for cutting things.
2.的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词
A new shop was built last year.
Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.
3.的被动语态构成：has / have + been +的过去分词
This book has been translated into many languages.
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
4.的被动语态构成：will/shall+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
A new hospital will be built in our city.
Many more trees will be planted next year.
5.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
Young trees must be watered often.
Your mistakes should be corrected right now.
The door may be locked inside.
Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.
6.的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being +的过去分词
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→
My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
They are planting trees over there. →
Trees are being planted over there by them.
7.的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词
There are two books to be read. →
There are twenty more trees to be planted.
8.过去将来时的被动语态：would /should+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
He said he would finish the work soon.
He said the work would be finished soon by him.1.不及物动词无被动语态。
The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
2.有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。这些动词主语以物居多，谓语动词一般表示主语的性质和特征。这类动词有许多，如: write, break, selld等。
This pen writes well.
This new book sells well.
3.或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。 感官动词有smell,sound,taste,fell等。使役动词有let,make,have,help,hear,see,watch,notise,look,listen.
例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
His mother gave him a present for his birthday.→ He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，(物)作主语，那么动词后要用，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.
He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.
My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
5.一些用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或。
We can't laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.
He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.
The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
6.一些表示状态的动词没有被动语态。如：have, belong to等。把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：
1. 先找出；
2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语；
3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；
4. 注意人称、和数的变化。
例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.
2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.
3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far.
4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now.
6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.Get+过去分词也可以构成，用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作本身。如： The man got hurt on his way home. 那个男人在回家的路上受伤了。 How did the glass get broken? 杯子怎么破了？
著名学者教授在论文《Get-Passive研究》中指出：Get+过去分词的被动语态是一种新兴的被动语态形式；相对来说它的使用还没有Be+过去分词构成的被动语态那么广泛，一般限于和非正式；但它却有着用得愈来愈多的趋势，是一种生气蓬勃的语言现象。[1]
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你可能喜欢动词的时态和语态好点回答!_百度作业帮
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动词的时态和语态好点回答!
动词的时态和语态好点回答!
一、 一般现在时： 1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况. 2.时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, 3.基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式） 4.否定形式：am/is/are+此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词. 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词. 6.例句：. It seldom snows here. He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words. 二、 一般过去时： 1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为. 2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词 的过去式 4.否定形式：was/were+在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词. 5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词. 6.例句：She often came to help us in those days. I didn't know you were so busy. 三、 现在进行时： 1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为. 2.时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc. 3.基本结构：am/is/are+doing 4.否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首. 6.例句： How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons. 四、 过去进行时： 1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作. 2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等. 3.基本结构：was/were+doing 4.否定形式：was/were + not + doing. 5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首. 6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper. 五、 现在完成时： 1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态. 2.时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc. 3.基本结构：have/has + done 4.否定形式：have/has + not +done. 5.一般疑问句：have或has. 6.例句：I've written an article. The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 六、 过去完成时： 1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”. 2.时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc. 3.基本结构：had + done. 4.否定形式：had + not + done. 5.一般疑问句：had放于句首. 6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books 七、 一般将来时： 1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事. 2.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc. 3.基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do. 4.否定形式：was/were + 在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词. 5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首. 6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain. 八、 过去将来时： 1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中. 2.时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc. 3.基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do. 4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to +would/should + not + do. 5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首. 6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day. I asked who was going there . 九.将来完成时： 1.概念：在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态 2.时间状语：by the end of+时间短语（将来）;by the time+从句（将来） 3.基本结构：be going to/will/shall + have done 十.现在完成进行时: 1.概念：在过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直持续到说话为止 2.基本结构：have/has +been+doing 几种常见时态的相互转换 英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换,以下是几种常见的转换形式： 十一、 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换 在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能.但是,可用别的表达方式：①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中；②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用；③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中,表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思,主句一般用it is来代替I④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中.请看： A. He joined the League two years ago. B. He has been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League. D. Two years has passed since he joined the League. 十二、 一般现在时与现在进行时的转换 在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”,如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等.此短语可与进行时态转换.请看： Peter is at work, but Mike is at play. Peter is working, but Mike is playing. 十三、 现在进行时与一般将来时的转换 在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作.如：I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来,妈妈!”请看： The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon. 十六种时态 一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,一般过去将来时； 现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去将来进行时； 现在完成时,过去完成时,将来完成时,过去将来完成时； 现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来完成进行时,过去将来完成进行时． 1、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语； 表示客观规律和永恒真理等. He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. 考点一：表示永恒的真理,即使出现在过去的语境中,仍用一般现在时.如： I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中,代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有： 时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, 条件：if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter ＋宾语从句, 从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时. So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment. 只要他努力工作, 我不介意他什么时候做完试验. 考点四：在the more… the more … (越……越……) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时. The harder you study, the better results you will get. 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩,加强语气.与频率副词,如always,constantly,continually,again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）. We are having English class. The house is being built these days. The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作. Look out when you are crossing the street. Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考点二： 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）. Marry is leaving on Friday. 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或影响仍存在.现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： 考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点 They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. I have learned English for ten years. 考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语： recently, just, already, yet, so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ? 考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中,谓语动词用现在完成时. in the past few years/months/weeks/days；ove during t for the last few centuries, throughout history 等 考点四：表示“第几次做某事,”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 ＋that” 后面跟现在完成时. This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. That is the only book that he has written. 4．一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去.常跟明确的过去时间连用,如： in 1945, when, 注意： 考点一：used to + do,表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作.to为不定式,后接动词原形. be/become/get used to + doing,表示习惯于 He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to getting up early. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中,代替过去将来时. He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise 5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作. The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work. He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help. What were you doing at nine last night? The radio was being repaired when you called me. 6. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”,句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语,这种时态从来不孤立使用 ( before, after, by, up till ) There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000. By the end of last term we had finished the book. They finished earlier than we had expected. 考点一：用于hardly/scarcely... no sooner ...than 句型中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时. I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me. I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow. No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. （注意主谓倒装） 考点二：表示“第几次做某事”,主句用过去时,从句用过去完成时. That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather. It was 3 years since we had parted. 考点三：动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用过去完成时,表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图. I had hoped that I could do the job. I had intended to see you but I was too busy. 7. 一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况.常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用,其表现形式多达5种. Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008. 考点一：一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中： We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes. （主句用一般将来时,从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时.） 考点二：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等,用现在进行时形式表示将来. I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 考点三：“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”,这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时. Use your head and you will find a way. 考点四：“am (is, are) going to + 动词原形”,表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事. “am (is, are) about to + 动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作. “am (is, are) to + 动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事. They are to be married in this May. 8、将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作,或按计划一定会发生的事情. I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业. The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport. 9、将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情,时间状语非常明显. 考点一：常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间.如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句. By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. By the time you reach the station, the train will have left. By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中,将来完成时则由现在完成时表示. The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school. 10. 动词的语态 一般用于强调受者, 做题时谓语动词不再有名词或宾语.动词的语态一般不单独考,而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考,只是需要注意以下考点. 考点一：不能用于被动语态的动词和词组 come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed It took place before liberation. 考点二：下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义, 而且常与well, quite, easily, badly等副词连用. lock ( 锁 ) ; wash ( 洗 ); sell ( 卖 ); read ( 读 ); wear ( 穿 ); blame (责备)；ride (乘坐)； write ( 写 )； Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎. The car rides smoothly. 这车走起来很稳. The case locks easily. 这箱子很好锁. The book sells well. 这本书很畅销. 考点三：一些常用经典被动句型： It is said…, It is reported…, It is widely believed…, It is expected…, It is estimated…, 这些句子一般翻译为“据说……”,“人们认为……”, 而 “以前人们认为……” 则应该说：It was believed…, It was thought… 忽忽`` 终于完了`` 累死我了``采纳我的吧~~
一般现在时一般现在时常表示： 1.客观事实或普遍真理2.经常发生，反复进行的动作或状态 3.主语现有的特征常与下列时间状语连用：often, always, usually, sometimes, never等:once a year, twice a month, every year/week/day, every two days等：有时可与...
一. 动词的语态, 有两种, 即主动语态和被动词态.主动语态即指人主动发起的动作, 例: I ask him a question.被动语态即指人或物被动地接受动作, 例: He was asked a question by me.或 The dog was lost by Tom.二. 动词的时态, 有很多种, 如: 一般现在时态, 一般过去时态, 现在...
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