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本文目录123第1篇:ted演讲稿(一)
The night before I was heading for Scotland, I was invited to host the final
of "China's Got Talent" show in Shanghai with the 80,000 live audience in the
stadium. Guewho was the performing guest? Susan Boyle. And I told her, "I'm
going to Scotland the next day." She sang beautifully, and she even managed to
say a few words in Chinese. [Chinese] So it's not like "hello" or "thank you,"
that ordinary stuff. It means "green onion for free." Why did she say that?
Because it was a line from our Chinese parallel Susan Boyle -- a 50-some
year-old woman, a vegetable vendor in Shanghai, who loves singing Western opera,
but she didn't understand any English or French or Italian, so she managed to
fill in the lyrics with vegetable names in Chinese. (Laughter) And the last
sentence of Nessun Dorma that she was singing in the stadium was "green onion
for free." So [as] Susan Boyle was saying that, 80,000 live audience sang
together. That was hilarious.
来苏格兰(做TED讲演)的前夜,我被邀请去上海做”中国达人秀“决赛的评委。在装有八万现场观众的演播厅里,在台上的表演嘉宾居然是(来自苏格兰的,因参加英国达人秀走红的)苏珊大妈(Susan
Boyle)。我告诉她,“我明天就要启程去苏格兰。” 她唱得很动听,还对观众说了几句中文,她并没有说简单的”你好“或者”谢谢“,她说的是――“送你葱”(Song
Cong)。为什么?这句话其实来源于中国版的“苏珊大妈”――一位五十岁的以卖菜为生,却对西方歌剧有出奇爱好的上海中年妇女(蔡洪平)。这位中国的苏珊大妈并不懂英文,法语或意大利文,所以她将歌剧中的词汇都换做中文中的蔬菜名,并且演唱出来。在她口中,歌剧《图兰朵》的最后一句便是“Song
Ni Cong”。当真正的英国苏珊大妈唱出这一句“中文的”《图兰朵》时,全场的八万观众也一起高声歌唱,场面的确有些滑稽(hilarious)。
So I gueboth Susan Boyle and this vegetable vendor in Shanghai belonged to
otherness. They were the least expected to be successful in the businecalled
entertainment, yet their courage and talent brought them through. And a show and
a platform gave them the stage to realize their dreams. Well, being different is
not that difficult. We are all different from different perspectives. But I
think being different is good, because you present a different point of view.
You may have the chance to make a difference.
Boyle和这位上海的买菜农妇的确属于人群中的少数。她们是最不可能在演艺界成功的,而她们的勇气和才华让她们成功了,这个节目和舞台给予了她们一个实现个人梦想的机会。这样看来,与众不同好像没有那么难。从不同的方面审视,我们每个人都是不同的。但是我想,与众不同是一件好事,因为你代表了不一样的观点,你拥有了做改变的机会。
My generation has been very fortunate to witneand participate in the historic
transformation of China that has made so many changes in the past 20, 30 years.
I remember that in the year of 1990, when I was graduating from college, I was
applying for a job in the sales department of the first five-star hotel in
Beijing, Great Wall Sheraton -- it's still there. So after being interrogated by
this Japanese manager for a half an hour, he finally said, "So, MiYang, do you
have any questions to ask me?" I summoned my courage and poise and said, "Yes,
but could you let me know, what actually do you sell?" I didn't have a clue what
a sales department was about in a five-star hotel. That was the first day I set
my foot in a five-star hotel.
我这一代中国人很幸运的目睹并且参与了中国在过去二三十年中经历的巨变。我记得1990年,当我刚大学毕业时,我申请了当时北京的第一家五星级酒店――长城喜来登酒店的销售部门的工作。这家酒店现在仍在北京。当我被一位日本籍经理了一个半小时之后,他问到,“杨小姐,你有什么想问我的吗?”,我屏住呼吸,问道“是的,你能告诉我,具体我需要销售些什么吗?”
当时的我,对五星级酒店的销售部门没有任何概念,事实上,那是我第一次进到一家五星级酒店。
Around the same time, I was going through an audition -- the first ever open
audition by national television in China -- with another thousand college girls.
The producer told us they were looking for some sweet, innocent and beautiful
fresh face. So when it was my turn, I stood up and said, "Why [do] women's
personalities on television always have to be beautiful, sweet, innocent and,
you know, supportive? Why can't they have their own ideas and their own voice?"
I thought I kind of offended them. But actually, they were impressed by my
words. And so I was in the second round of competition, and then the third and
the fourth. After seven rounds of competition, I was the last one to survive it.
So I was on a national television prime-time show. And believe it or not, that
was the first show on Chinese television that allowed its hosts to speak out of
their own minds without reading an approved script. (Applause) And my weekly
audience at that time was between 200 to 300 million people.
我当时也在参加另一嘲面试”,中国国家电视台的首次公开试镜,与我一起参与选拔的还有另外1000名大学女毕业生。节目制作人说,他们希望找到一位甜美,无辜(LOL),漂亮的新鲜面孔。轮到我的时候,我问道“为什么在电视屏幕上,女性总应该表现出甜美漂亮,甚至是服从性的一面?为什么她们不能有她们自己的想法和声音?“我觉得我的问题甚至有点冒犯到了他。但实际上,他们对我的表现印象深刻。我进入了第二轮选拔,第三轮,第四轮,直至最后的第七场选拔,我是唯一一个走到最后的试镜者。我从此走上了国家电视台黄金时段的荧幕。你可能不相信,但在当时,我所主持的电视节目是中国第一个,不让主持人念已经审核过的稿件的节目(掌声)。我每周需要面对两亿到三亿左右的电视观众。
Well after a few years, I decided to go to the U.S. and Columbia University
to pursue my postgraduate studies, and then started my own media company, which
was unthought of during the years that I started my career. So we do a lot of
things. I've interviewed more than a thousand people in the past. And sometimes
I have young people approaching me say, "Lan, you changed my life," and I feel
proud of that. But then we are also so fortunate to witnethe transformation of
the whole country. I was in Beijing's bidding for the Olympic Games. I was
representing the Shanghai Expo. I saw China embracing the world and vice versa.
But then sometimes I'm thinking, what are today's young generation up to? How
are they different, and what are the differences they are going to make to shape
the future of China, or at large, the world?
几年以后,我决定来美国哥伦比亚大学继续深造,之后也开始运营自己的媒体公司,这也是我在职业生涯初始时所没有预料到的。我的公司做很多不同的业务,在过去这些年里,我访谈过一千多人。经常有年轻人对我说,“杨澜,你改变了我的人生”,我对此感到非常自豪。我也幸运的目睹了整个国家的转变:我参与了北京申奥和上海世博会。我看到中国在拥抱这个世界,而世界也进一步的接受中国。但有时我也在想,今天的年轻人的生活是什么样的?他们(与我们相比)有什么不同?他们将带给中国,甚至整个世界的未来一些怎样的变化?
So today I want to talk about young people through the platform of social
media. First of all, who are they? [What] do they look like? Well this is a girl
called Guo Meimei -- 20 years old, beautiful. She showed off her expensive bags,
clothes and car on her microblog, which is the Chinese version of Twitter. And
she claimed to be the general manager of Red Croat the Chamber of Commerce. She
didn't realize that she stepped on a sensitive nerve and aroused national
questioning, almost a turmoil, against the credibility of Red Cross. The
controversy was so heated that the Red Crohad to open a preconference to clarify
it, and the investigation is going on.
So far, as of today, we know that she herself made up that title -- probably
because she feels proud to be associated with charity. All those expensive items
were given to her as gifts by her boyfriend, who used to be a board member in a
subdivision of Red Croat Chamber of Commerce. It's very complicated to explain.
But anyway, the public still doesn't buy it. It is still boiling. It shows us a
general mistrust of government or government-backed institutions, which lacked
transparency in the past. And also it showed us the power and the impact of
social media as microblog.
我想通过社交媒体来谈一谈中国的年轻人们。首先,他们是谁,他们是什么样子?这是一位叫郭美美的女孩儿,20岁,年轻漂亮。她在中国版的Twitter上――新浪微博上,炫耀她所拥有的奢侈品,衣服,包和车。她甚至宣称她是中国红十字会的工作人员。她没有意识到她的行为触及了中国民众极为敏感的神经,这引发了一场全民大讨论,民众开始质疑红十字会的公信力。中国红十字会为了平息这场争议甚至举办了一场记者会来澄清,直至今日,对于”郭美美事件“的调查仍在继续,但我们所知道的事实是,她谎报了她的头衔,可能是因为她的虚荣心,希望把自己和慈善机构联系起来。所有那些奢侈品都是她的男朋友给她买的,而那位”男朋友“的确曾经是红十字会的工作人员。这解释起来很复杂,总之,公众对他们的解释仍然不满意,这仍然是在风口浪尖的一件事。这件事体现出(中国社会)对长期不透明的政府机关的不信任,同时也表现出社交媒体(微博)巨大的社会影响力。
Microblog boomed in the year of 2010, with visitors doubled and time spent on
it tripled. , a major news portal, alone has more than 140 million
microbloggers. On Tencent, 200 million. The most popular blogger -- it's not me
-- it's a movie star, and she has more than 9.5 million followers, or fans.
About 80 percent of those microbloggers are young people, under 30 years old.
And because, as you know, the traditional media is still heavily controlled by
the government, social media offers an opening to let the steam out a little
bit. But because you don't have many other openings, the heat coming out of this
opening is sometimes very strong, active and even violent.
微博在2010年得到了爆炸性的增长,微博的访问用户增长了一倍,用户的访问时间是09年的三倍。新浪(),一个最主要的微博平台,拥有1.4亿的微博用户,而腾讯拥有两亿用户。(在中国)最有名的微博主――不是我――是一位电影明星,她拥有近九百五十万”粉丝“。接近80%的微博用户是年轻人,三十岁以下。因为传统媒体还在政府的强力控制之下,社交媒体提供了一个开放的平台进行了一些(民众观点的)分流。因为这样分流的渠道并不多,从这个平台上爆发出的能量往往非常强烈,有时候甚至过于强烈。
So through microblogging, we are able to understand Chinese youth even
better. So how are they different? First of all, most of them were born in the
80s and 90s, under the one-child policy. And because of selected abortion by
families who favored boys to girls, now we have ended up with 30 million more
young men than women. That could pose a potential danger to the society, but who
we're in a globalized world, so they can look for girlfriends from other
countries. Most of them have fairly good education. The illiteracy rate in China
among this generation is under one percent. In cities, 80 percent of kids go to
college. But they are facing an aging China with a population above 65 years old
coming up with seven-point-some percent this year, and about to be 15 percent by
the year of 2030. And you know we have the tradition that younger generations
support the elders financially, and taking care of them when they're sick. So it
means young couples will have to support four parents who have a life expectancy
of 73 years old.
通过微博,我们可以更好的了解到中国的年轻一代。首先,他们中的大多数都出生在八零九零年代,在独生子女的生育政策的大背景下长大。因为偏好男孩的家庭会选择性的堕胎,现在(中国)的年轻男性的数量多过年轻女性三千万,这可能带来社会的不稳定(危险),但是我们知道,在这个全球化的社会中,他们可能可以去其他国家找女朋友。大多数人都拥有良好的教育。这一代中国人中的文盲率已经低于1%。在城市中,80%的孩子可以上大学,但他们将要面对的是一个,有接近7%的人口都是老年人的社会,这个数字会在2030年会增长到15%。在这个国家,传统是让年轻人来从经济上和医疗上来支持老年人,这意味着,一对年轻的夫妻将需要支持四个平均年龄是73岁的老人。
So ma-ki-ng a living is not that easy for young people. College graduates are
not in short supply. In urban areas, college graduates find the starting salary
is about 400 U.S. dollars a month, while the average rent is above $500. So what
do they do? They have to share space -- squeezed in very limited space to save
money -- and they call themselves "tribe of ants." And for those who are ready
to get married and buy their apartment, they figured out they have to work for
30 to 40 years to afford their first apartment. That ratio in America would only
cost a couple five years to earn, but in China it's 30 to 40 years with the
skyrocketing real estate price.
所以对于年轻人而言,生活并不是容易。本科毕业生也不在是紧缺资源。在城市中,本科生的月起薪通常是400美元(2500人民币),而公寓的平均月租金却是500美元。所以他们的解决方式是合租――挤在有限的空间中以节省开支,他们叫自己”蚁族。“
对于那些准备好结婚并希望购买一套公寓的中国年轻夫妇而言,他们发现他们必须要不间断的工作30到40年才可以负担得起一套公寓。对于同样的美国年轻夫妇而言,他们只需要五年时间。
Among the 200 million migrant workers, 60 percent of them are young people.
They find themselves sort of sandwiched between the urban areas and the rural
areas. Most of them don't want to go back to the countryside, but they don't
have the sense of belonging. They work for longer hours with leincome, lesocial
welfare. And they're more vulnerable to job losses, subject to inflation,
tightening loans from banks, appreciation of the renminbi, or decline of demand
from Europe or America for the products they produce. Last year, though, an
appalling incident in a southern OEM manufacturing compound in China: 13 young
workers in their late teens and early 20s committed suicide, just one by one
like causing a contagious disease. But they died because of all different
personal reasons. But this whole incident aroused a huge outcry from society
about the isolation, both physical and mental, of these migrant workers.
在近两亿的涌入城市的农民工中,他们中的60%都是年轻人。他们发现自己被夹在了城市和农村中,大多数人不愿意回到农村,但他们在城市也找不到归属感。他们工作更长的时间却获得更少的薪水和社会福利。他们也更容易面临失业,受到通货膨胀,银行利率,人民币升值的影响,甚至美国和欧盟对于中国制造产品的抵制也会影响到他们。去年,在中国南方的一个制造工厂里,有十三位年轻的工人选择了结束自己的生命,一个接一个,像一场传染玻他们轻生的原因各有不同,但整个事件提醒了中国社会和政府,需要更多的关注这些在精神上和生理上都与外界脱节的年轻农民工人。
For those who do return back to the countryside, they find themselves very
welcome locally, because with the knowledge, skills and networks they have
learned in the cities, with the assistance of the Internet, they're able to
create more jobs, upgrade local agriculture and create new businein the
ledeveloped market. So for the past few years, the coastal areas, they found
themselves in a shortage of labor.
对于那些回到农村的年轻人,他们所经历的城市生活,所学到的知识,技巧和建立的社会网络,让他们通常更受欢迎。特别是在互联网的帮助下,他们更有可能获得工作,提升农村的农业水平和发展新的商业机会。在过去的一些年中,一些沿海的城镇甚至出现了劳动力短缺。
These diagrams show a more general social background. The first one is the
Engels coefficient, which explains that the cost of daily necessities has
dropped its percentage all through the past decade, in terms of family income,
to about 37-some percent. But then in the last two years, it goes up again to 39
percent, indicating a rising living cost. The Gini coefficient has already
passed the dangerous line of 0.4. Now it's 0.5 -- even worse than that in
America -- showing us the income inequality. And so you see this whole society
getting frustrated about losing some of its mobility. And also, the bitterneand
even resentment towards the rich and the powerful is quite widespread. So any
accusations of corruption or backdoor dealings between authorities or
businewould arouse a social outcry or even unrest.
这些图片展现出整体的社会背景。第一张图片是恩格斯系数(食品支出占总消费支出的比例),可以看到在过去的十年中,食物和生活必需品在家庭消费中的比例有所下降(37%),然后在过去的两年中,这项指数上升到39%,说明近两年中生活成本的攀升。基尼系数早已越过了危险的0.4,到达0.5――这甚至高过了美国――体现出极大的贫富差距,所以我们才看到整个社会的失衡。同时,“仇富心态”也开始在整个社会蔓延,任何与腐-败和走后门相关的政府或商业丑闻都会引发社会危机和不稳定。
So through some of the hottest topics on microblogging, we can see what young
people care most about. Social justice and government accountability runs the
first in what they demand. For the past decade or so, a massive urbanization and
development have let us witnea lot of reports on the forced demolition of
private property. And it has aroused huge anger and frustration among our young
generation. Sometimes people get killed, and sometimes people set themselves on
fire to protest. So when these incidents are reported more and more frequently
on the Internet, people cry for the government to take actions to stop this.
通过微博上很火的话题,我们可以看到年轻人的关注点。社会公正和政府的公信力是他们首要需求的。在过去的十年中,急速的城市化让民众读到太多强制私人住户拆迁的新闻,这引发了年轻一代的愤怒和不理解。有时候,被拆迁的住户以自杀和自-焚的方式来抗-议(强制拆迁行为)。当这些事件越来越常在互联网上被揭露出来,人们期待政府可以采取一些更积极的制止行动。
So the good news is that earlier this year, the state council passed a new
regulation on house requisition and demolition and passed the right to order
forced demolition from local governments to the court. Similarly, many other
issues concerning public safety is a hot topic on the Internet. We heard about
polluted air, polluted water, poisoned food. And guewhat, we have faked beef.
They have sorts of ingredients that you brush on a piece of chicken or fish, and
it turns it to look like beef. And then lately, people are very concerned about
cooking oil, because thousands of people have been found [refining] cooking oil
from restaurant slop. So all these things have aroused a huge outcry from the
Internet. And fortunately, we have seen the government responding more timely
and also more frequently to the public concerns.
好消息是,今年早些时候,人民代表大会通过了一项关于房屋征用和拆迁的新法规,将征用和拆迁的权利从当地政府移交到了法庭。相同的,很多其他与公共安全相关的问题也在互联网上被热烈讨论。我们听到有太多空气污染,水污染,有毒食品的报道。你甚至都想不到,我们还有假牛肉。人们用一种特殊的材料加入鸡肉和鱼肉中,然后以牛肉的价格进行出售。最近,人们对食用油也很担忧,大量的餐馆被发现在使用“地沟油“。所有这些事件引发了互联网上民众观点的大爆发。幸运的是,我们看到了政府正在更积极和更及时的对这些民众的质疑给予回应。
While young people seem to be very sure about their participation in public
policy-ma-ki-ng, but sometimes they're a little bit lost in terms of what they
want for their personal life. China is soon to pathe U.S. as the number one
market for luxury brands -- that's not including the Chinese expenditures in
Europe and elsewhere. But you know what, half of those consumers are earning a
salary below 2,000 U.S. dollars. They're not rich at all. They're taking those
bags and clothes as a sense of identity and social status. And this is a girl
explicitly saying on a TV dating show that she would rather cry in a BMW than
smile on a bicycle. But of course, we do have young people who would still
prefer to smile, whether in a BMW or [on] a bicycle.
一方面,年轻人越来越积极的参与到公共事务中;另一方面,他们也在寻找或者说迷失与个人生活的价值和定位。中国很快就要超过美国,成为世界上第一大奢侈品消费国――这还不包括中国人在国外的消费。但你知道吗,超过半数中国的奢侈品消费者的(年)收入都低于两千美元。他们其实并不富裕,他们用那些奢侈品牌的服装和包体现身份和社会地位。这是一位在电视节目上公然表明,自己宁愿在宝马车里哭也不坐在自行车后笑的年轻女孩。当然,我们也有更多的年轻人,喜欢微笑,不管是在宝马还是在自行车上。
So in the next picture, you see a very popular phenomenon called "naked"
wedding, or "naked" marriage. It does not mean they will wear nothing in the
wedding, but it shows that these young couples are ready to get married without
a house, without a car, without a diamond ring and without a wedding banquet, to
show their commitment to true love. And also, people are doing good through
social media. And the first picture showed us that a truck caging 500 homeleand
kidnapped dogs for food processing was spotted and stopped on the highway with
the whole country watching through microblogging. People were donating money,
dog food and offering volunteer work to stop that truck. And after hours of
negotiation, 500 dogs were rescued. And here also people are helping to find
missing children. A father posted his son's picture onto the Internet. After
thousands of [unclear], the child was found, and we witnessed the reunion of the
family through microblogging.
在下一幅图中,你看到的是现在非常流行的”裸婚“,这并不代表这“裸露出席婚礼”,这体现的是年轻人愿意接受结婚不买房,不买车,不买钻戒,甚至不办婚宴的这个现实,作为对纯朴的真爱的致敬。但同时,人们也在通过社交媒体做一些善事。这副图片里,这辆车上装有500只被”绑架“来,准备被送去屠宰的狗,这辆车被网友们发现后,人们开始通过微博关注事态的进展,并且通过捐钱,捐食物和做义工来试图拦截该车。在几个小时的周旋后,这500条狗获救并被放生。有更多的人在通过微博寻找丢失的孩子。一位父亲将他失散的儿子的照片发布到微博上,在几千条”转发“之后,他的儿子被找到,家庭的团聚也在微博上被报道出来。
So happineis the most popular word we have heard through the past two years.
Happineis not only related to personal experiences and personal values, but
also, it's about the environment. People are thinking about the following
questions: Are we going to sacrifice our environment further to produce higher
GDP? How are we going to perform our social and political reform to keep pace
with economic growth, to keep sustainability and stability? And also, how
capable is the system of self-correctneto keep more people content with all
sorts of friction going on at the same time? I guethese are the questions people
are going to answer. And our younger generation are going to transform this
country while at the same time being transformed themselves.
Thank you very much.
“幸福(感)”是近两年中国的流行词汇。幸福感不仅仅与个人体验和价值观相关,更多的,它与环境息息相关。人们在思考:我们是否要牺牲环境来提升GDP?我们要怎样进行社会和政治体制的改革来应对经济的发展,保持稳定性和可持续性发展?同时,这个系统的自我修正能力是否足够强大,是否能够让生活在其中的人民接受在前进过程中的各种压力和困难?我想这些都是中国人民需要回答的问题,而中国的年轻一代将在改变这个国家的过程中也改变自己。
第2篇:ted演讲稿(二)
丘吉尔说:成功的秘诀就是:坚持、坚持、再坚持
股神”巴菲特成功的秘诀:耐力胜过脑力
朱熹:立志不坚,终不济事。
毛泽东:苟有恒,何必三更起五更眠;最无益,只怕一日曝十日寒
这样的我年青时背过不少,但回头想想,什么也没有坚持下来什么,除了每天看两三个TED演讲坚持了多年,并通过TEDtoChina分享给更多人,算来现在也有一千多个演讲了,从个人开拓视野,思考新知的角度来说,这是一种成功。
关于意志力、持久心对于『成功』的影响大多是一两句的泛泛而谈,很少有人从心理学或者统计学上做深入研究。在2013年的TED教育专题上Angela
Lee就分享了她在这方面的研究。
Angela在27岁时辞去很悲催的管理咨询工作,转而到纽约公立学校教七年级数学。她发现最好和最差学生的差异并不仅仅是智商,坚韧的性格起很大作用,几年的教学经验使她相信:我们的教育所需要的是一种对学生、对学习更好的理解――
从动机的角度、
从心理的角度去理解,而不仅仅是智商单一的维度。后来Angela继续她的心理学博士学习,研究儿童与成人在各种艰巨挑战中的表现,看谁会成功?为什么会成功?
她和研究团队去西点军校,尝试预测哪些学员能通过军事训练,哪些会放弃;去看全国拼字比赛,预测哪些孩子能在比赛中笑到最后;研究在非常艰苦的环境下工作的新教师,预测哪些教师能坚持这份职业,预测哪些教师教出的学生成绩的提高最为显著;她和公司合作预测哪些销售人员能保住饭碗?谁能赚最多钱?…
…在不同的背景下,她发现意志力指标是观测重点,而非社交能力、美丽的外貌、健康的身体,更不是智商。
意志力是什么?是面对长远目标时的热情和毅力,是有耐力的表现,是日复一日依然对未来坚信不已――不只是这周、
不只是这个月,而是年复一年地用心、努力工作来实现所坚信的那个未来。意志力是将生活看作是一场马拉松而非短跑。
Angela在芝加哥公立学校研究意志力时请数以千计高中生填写关于意志力的问卷,然后等了大约一年多看看谁会毕业。结果发现,意志力越坚定的孩子毕业的可能性明显越高,而家庭收入,标准化测验的分数等指标则的相关性则没那么强。她的调查资料非常清楚地揭示有很多才华横溢的人并不能坚持到底。事实上,意志力通常与才华无关,有时甚至成反比。
意志力不仅仅对学校学生重要,创业者、普通员工任何人都很重要。在我组织TEDx活动时认识很多NGO从业者、创业者、艺术家、成功企业家等,他们都是有故事的人,在和他们的访谈中,他们都有一个共通点:不懈的坚持、强大的意志力让他们成为与众不同的、脱颖而出的一群人。
意志力如此重要,如何锻炼加强这种性格要素?科学界对于如何锻炼意志力知之甚少。家长经常问老师 “如何锻炼孩子们的意志力? 我怎么教会孩子坚实的职业道德?
怎样才能让他们有长远的动力?”
这个没人能回答,如果哪位家长来问我,我会反问:您为人父母,你有意志力嘛?您能给孩子做个意志力的榜样吗?我相信父母是培养孩子意志力的第一责任人。
关于锻炼孩子们的意志, 到目前为止最好的理论斯坦福大学Carol
Dweck教授的“成长型思维模式”理论,这个理论相信学习的能力不是一成不变的,它会由于你的努力发生变化。当孩子们在学习大脑的相关知识,以及大脑在面对挑战时会怎样变化和成长时,他们更有可能在失败时继续坚持,因为他们不相信他们永远会失败。
这个TED演讲人Angela也令人钦佩,她在研究学生意志力项目上坚持多年,看看她其中跨越一年的高中生毕业项目就知道,她有不懈的意志,做研究也需要这样的耐力,这个是我们很多研究人员缺乏的。
意志力决定你的未来。Grit is sticking with your future ― day in, day out, not just for
the week, not just for the month, but for years ― and working really hard to
make that future a reality 不懈的意志,我缺,我太缺了!我是反面教材。
第3篇:ted演讲稿(三)
我是个说书之人。在这里,我想和大家分享一些我本人的故事。一些关于所谓的“单一故事的危险性”的经历。我成长在尼日利亚东部的一所大学校园里。我母亲常说我从两岁起就开始读书。不过我认为“四岁起”比较接近事实。所以我从小就开始读书,读的是英国和美国的儿童书籍。
我也是从小就开始写作,当我在七岁那年,开始强迫我可怜的母亲阅读我用铅笔写好的故事,外加上蜡笔描绘的插图时,我所写的故事正如我所读的故事那般,我故事里的人物们都是白皮肤、蓝眼睛的。常在雪中嬉戏,吃着苹果。而且他们经常讨论天气,讨论太阳出来时,一切都多么美好。我一直写着这样故事,虽然说我当时住在尼日利亚,并且从来没有出过国。虽然说我们从来没见过雪,虽然说我们实际上只能吃到芒果;虽然说我们从不讨论天气,因为根本没这个必要。
我故事里的人物们也常喝姜汁啤酒,因为我所读的那些英国书中的人物们常喝姜汁啤酒。虽然说我当时完全不知道姜汁啤酒是什么东西。时隔多年,我一直都怀揣着一个深切的渴望,想尝尝姜汁啤酒的味道。不过这要另当别论了。
这一切所表明的,正是在一个个的故事面前,我们是何等的脆弱,何等的易受影响,尤其当我们还是孩子的时候,因为我当时读的所有书中只有外国人物,我因而坚信:书要想被称为书,就必须有外国人在里面,就必须是关于我无法亲身体验的事情,而这一切都在我接触了非洲书籍之后发生了改变。当时非洲书并不多,而且他们也不像国外书籍那样好找。
不过因为!和!之类的作家,我思维中对于文学的概念,产生了质的改变。我意识到像我这样的人---有着巧克力般的肤色和永远无法梳成马尾辫的卷曲头发的女孩们,也可以出现在文学作品中。
我开始撰写我所熟知的事物,但这并不是说我不喜爱那些美国和英国书籍,恰恰相反,那些书籍激发了我的想象力,为我开启了新的世界。但随之而来的后果就是,我不知道原来像我这样的人,也是可以存在于文学作品中的,而与非洲作家的结缘,则是将我从对于书籍的单一故事中拯救了出来。
我来自一个传统的尼日利亚中产家庭,我的父亲是一名教授,我的母亲是一名大学管理员。因此我们和很多其他家庭一样,都会从附近的村庄中雇佣一些帮手来打理家事。在我八岁那一年,我们家招来了一位新的男仆。他的名字叫做FIDE.我父亲只告诉我们说,他是来自一个非常穷苦的家庭,我母亲会时不时的将山芋、大米,还有我们穿旧的衣服送到他的家里。每当我剩下晚饭的时候,我的母亲就会说:吃净你的食物!难道你不知道吗?像FIDE家这样的人可是一无所有。因此我对他们家人充满了怜悯。
后来的一个星期六,我们去FIDE的村庄拜访,他的母亲向我们展示了一个精美别致的草篮----用FIDE的哥哥用染过色的酒椰叶编制的。我当时完全被震惊了。我从来没有想过FIDE的家人居然有亲手制造东西的才能。在那之前,我对FIDE家唯一的了解就是他们是何等的穷困,正因为如此,他们在我脑中的印象只是一个字------“穷”。他们的贫穷是我赐予他们的单一故事。
多年以后,在我离开尼日利亚前往美国读大学的时候,我又想到了这件事。我那时19岁,我的美国室友当时完全对我感到十分惊讶了。他问我是从哪里学的讲一口如此流利的英语,而当我告知她尼日利亚刚巧是以英语作为官方语言的时候,她的脸上则是写满了茫然。她问我是否可以给她听听她所谓的“部落音乐”,可想而知,当我拿出玛丽亚凯莉的磁带时,她是何等的失望,她断定我不知道如何使用电炉。
我猛然意识到“在他见到我之前,她就已经对我充满了怜悯之心。她对我这个非洲人的预设心态是一种充满施恩与好意的怜悯之情。我那位室友的脑中有一个关于非洲的单一故事。一个充满了灾难的单一故事。在这个单一的故事中,非洲人是完全没有可能在任何方面和她有所相似的;没有可能接收到比怜悯更复杂的感情;没有可能以一个平等的人类的身份与她沟通。
我不得不强调,在我前往美国之前,我从来没有有意识的把自己当做个非洲人。但在美国的时候,每当人们提到”非洲“时,大家都会转向我,虽然我对纳米比亚之类的地方一无所知。但我渐渐的开始接受这个新的身份,现在很多时候我都是把自己当做一个非洲人来看待。不过当人们把非洲当做一个国家来讨论的时候,我还是觉得挺反感的。最近的一次例子就发生在两天前,我从拉各斯搭乘航班,旅程原本相当愉快,直到广播里开始介绍在”印度、非洲以及其他国家”所进行的慈善事业。
当我以一名非洲人的身份在美国读过几年之后,我开始理解我那位室友当时对我的反应。如果我不是在尼日利亚长大,如果我对非洲的一切认识都是来自于大众流行的影像,我相信我眼中的非洲也同样是充满了美丽的地貌、美丽的动物,以及一群难以理解的人们进行着毫无意义的战争、死于艾滋和贫穷、无法为自己辩护,并且等待着一位慈悲的、白种的外国人的救赎,我看待非洲的方式将会和我儿时看待FIDE一家的方式是一样的。
我认为关于非洲的这个单一故事从根本上来自于西方的文学。这是来自伦敦商人John
Locke的一段话。他在1561年的时候,曾游历非洲西部,并且为他的航行做了翻很有趣的记录。他先是把黑色的非洲人称为“没有房子的野兽”,随后又写道:“他们也是一群无头脑的人,他们的嘴和眼睛都长在了他们的胸口上。”
我每次读到这一段的时候,都不禁大笑起来。他的想象力真的是让人敬佩。但关于他的作品极其重要的一点是它昭示着西方社会讲述非洲故事的一个传统,在这个传统中,撒哈拉以南的非洲充满了消极、差异以及黑暗,是伟大的诗人Rudyard
Kipling笔下所形容的“半恶魔、半孩童”的奇异人种。
正因为如此,我开始意识到我的那位美国室友一定在她的成长过程中,看到并且听过关于这个单一故事的不同版本,就如同之前一位曾经批判我的小说缺乏“真实的非洲感”的教授一样。话说我倒是甘愿承认我的小说有几处写的不好的地方,有几处败笔,但我很难想象我的小说既然会缺乏“真实的非洲感”。事实上,我甚至不知道真实的非洲感到底是个什么东西。那位教授跟我说我书中的人物都和他太相近了,都是受过教育的中产人物。我的人物会开车,他们没有受到饥饿的困扰。正因此,他们缺乏了真实的非洲感。
我在这里不得不指出,我本人也常常被单一的故事蒙蔽双眼。几年前,我从美国探访墨西哥,当时美国的政治气候比较紧张。关于移民的辩论一直在进行着。而在美国,“移民”和“墨西哥人”常常被当做同义词来使用。关于墨西哥人的故事是源源不绝,讲的都是欺诈医疗系统、偷渡边境、在边境被捕之类的事情。
我还记得当我到达瓜达拉哈拉的第一天,看着人们前往工作,在市集上吃着墨西哥卷、抽着烟、大笑着,我记得我刚看到这一切时是何等的惊讶,但随后我的心中便充满了羞耻感。我意识到我当时完全被沉浸在媒体上关于墨西哥人的报道,以致于他们在我的脑中幻化成一个单一的个体---卑贱的移民。我完全相信了关于墨西哥人的单一故事,对此我感到无比的羞愧。这就是创造单一故事的过程,将一群人一遍又一遍地呈现为一个事物,并且只是一个事物,时间久了,他们就变成了那个事物。
而说到单一的故事,就自然而然地要讲到权力这个问题。每当我想到这个世界的权力结构的时候,我都会想起一个伊傅语中的单词,叫做“nkali”,它是一个名词,可以在大意上被翻译成”比另一个人强大。”就如同我们的经济和政治界一样,我们所讲的故事也是建立在它的原则上的。这些故事是怎样被讲述的、由谁来讲述、何时被讲述、有多少故事被讲述,这一切都取决于权力。
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