From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Foshan (: 佛山) is a
in central
, . The area under the city's jurisdiction is about 3,848.49 km2 (1,485.91 sq mi) and has an urban population of over 7.2 million. It is part of the
with 44.78 million[] inhabitants at the 2010 census spread over nine municipalities (including Macao) and 17,573 km?.
The native dialect is the Foshan variant of , but many areas of Foshan are now inhabited by -speaking migrants from other parts of China.
In ancient times, Foshan was known as Jihua Township. In 398, during the , a monk from present-day India founded a Buddhist temple on Tapo Hill. The temple fell into disrepair, but in 628, during the , county residents saw light radiating from the hill, where they excavated three bronze statues of the Buddha. They built a temple to house the three statues. From that time, the place was known as Foshan (Buddha Hill). Foshan became a religious center for the Pearl River Delta and was also known as Chancheng (Zen City - Zen being the art of meditation). This name survives today as the name of Foshan's central administrative district.[]
In 1925, Foshan became a city, but this status was revoked in 1927. Foshan regained the status of a city in 1951, and gained the status of a prefecture-level city in 1974. During the 1980s and 1990s, the present-day territory of Foshan underwent a number of administrative reorganizations. The city attained its present boundaries and administrative divisions in 2003.[]
of Foshan administers five , all of which are .[]
Administrative divisions of Foshan
English name
Area in km2
Population 2010
Postal code
Foshan City
Fóshān Shì
Chánchéng Qū
Nánhǎi Qū
Shùndé Qū
Sānshuǐ Qū
Gāomíng Qū
These are further divided into 64 , including 37
Foshan is close to Guangzhou and considers its link with Guangzhou very important. A Guangzhou-Foshan
region is being formed.
Foshan lies in the .
lies to the northeast,
to the southeasst,
to the south,
to the west, and
to the west.
Foshan experiences a
Climate data for Guangzhou (normals , extremes )
Record high °C (°F)
Average high °C (°F)
Daily mean °C (°F)
Average low °C (°F)
Record low °C (°F)
Average rainfall mm (inches)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm)
Mean monthly
Source: China Meteorological Administration, all-time extreme temperature
This section does not
any . Please help improve this section by . Unsourced material may be challenged and . (May 2014)
In 2013 to 2014, Foshan planned to improve public transportation by putting forward 6 measures.
Main article:
The first line of
opened in 2010, and another two lines are under construction and due to be completed in 2015 and 2020.
The existing line of
was once a regional . In 1987 it became a base of
(CUA) in Guangdong Province. When CUA ceased domestic flights on November 1, 2002, Foshan Airport remained military service only. The airport resumed its regional airport status in 2005.[]
Foshan railway station
Foshan is a main interchange for railway routes linking Guangzhou,
and the western Guangdong Province. It is connected with Hong Kong via the
service from . The inter-city train service was extended from Guangzhou to Foshan since the 1990s.[]
The Foshan motor vehicle plate begin with the abbreviation of , "":
粤E for , , and
and , Foshan is the third largest manufacturing base in the Pearl River Delta. Once home to a strong State-Owned Enterprises sector, its current economic strength lies in private firms and Township and Village Enterprises in
and . In 2002, private firms contributed 56.12% of the industrial output and firms from Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan contributed 63.44% in exports.[]
Key industries in Foshan include:[]
Household electrical appliance and tool manufacturing
Non-metal ore and manufacturing
Some well-known brands to come out of these pillar industries include , Kelon, and Jianlibao. Foshan's furniture and lighting industry is known as
and the world's largest lighting wholesale market.[]
Foshan Hi-Tech Development Zone
Foshan Hi-Tech Development Zone was founded in 1992. Its total planned area is 7.55 km2 (2.92 sq mi). The zone is very close to the national highway G325 as well as Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport. The major industries in the zone including automobile assembly, biotechnology and chemicals processing.
Foshan University's front gate
The planned 14,700 seat
will be one of the venues for the .
In October 2014 the city hosted
golf event on the .
Foshan Ancestral
, , France (since 1989)
, Mauritius
, United States
, , Australia
, United Kingdom
, , Germany (since 2013)
(), legendary
master and doctor.
, (), toddler killed in one of the most notorious examples of the bystander effect.
. 中华人民共和国民政部.
佛山市国土资源局. 《佛山市土地利用总体规划（年）》.
shi, Guo wu yuan ren council, Guo jia tong ji ju ren kou he jiu ye tong ji si bian = Tabulation on the 2010 population census of the people's republic of China by township / compiled by Population census of population, D statistics, employment statistics national bureau of (2012). Zhongguo 2010 nian ren kou pu cha fen xiang, zhen, jie dao zi liao (Di 1 ban. ed.). Beijing Shi: Zhongguo tong ji chu ban she.  .
中华人民共和国民政部 (2014.08). 《中国民政统计年鉴2014》. 中国统计出版社.  .
Farrell, Samuel. . Bing Maps 2016.
(in Chinese). China Meteorological Administration.
Foshan City Transportation Bureau. Retrieved February 1, 2014
, , Retrieved 9 March 2016.
. European Challenge Tour. PGA European Tour 2014.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to .
travel guide from Wikivoyage
tributaries of Gui→Li & Xun
waterways with Bei
waterways with Shiziyang & Lingdingyang
South China Sea
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你可能喜欢From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article needs additional citations for . Please help
by . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2014) ()
Jiangxi (: ; :  ; : Chiang1-hsi1; : Kongsi) is a
in the , located in the
of the country. Spanning from the banks of the
river in the north into hillier areas in the south and east, it shares a border with
to the north,
to the northeast,
to the east,
to the south,
to the west, and
to the northwest.
The name "Jiangxi" derives from the
administrated under the
(, Circuit of W Gan: Kongnomsitau). The short name for Jiangxi is
(pinyin: Gàn; : Gōm), for the
which runs across from the south to the north and flows into the Yangtze River. Jiangxi is also alternately called Ganpo Dadi (贛鄱大地) which literally means the "Great Land of Gan and ".
Main article:
Jiangxi is centered on the
valley, which historically provided the main north-south transport route of south China. The corridor along the Gan River is one of the few easily traveled routes through the otherwise mountainous and rugged terrain of the south-eastern mountains. This open corridor was the primary route for trade and communication between the
valley in the north and the territory of modern
province in the south. As a result, Jiangxi has been strategically important throughout much of China's history.
Jiangxi was outside the sphere of influence of early Chinese civilization during the
(16th to 11th centuries BC). It is likely that peoples collectively known as the
inhabited the region. During the , the northern part of modern Jiangxi formed the western frontier of the state of . After Wu was conquered by the
(a power based in modern northern ) in 473 BC, the state of
(based in modern ) took over northern Jiangxi and there may have been some Yue influence in the south. Chu subjugated Yue in 333 BC. In 223 BC, when
conquered Chu, majority of Jiangxi area was recorded to be put under Jiujiang Commandary situated in
(壽春). However the commandary was ineffective and ended shortly when Qin falls.
(豫章, Gan: ?-zong) was established in Jiangxi at the beginning of the , possibly before the death of
in 202 BC, and it's also the very first commandery set up by Chinese dynasty in Jiangxi. It was named after the Yuzhang River (豫章江, Gan: ?-zong Kong), the original name of Gan River. "Gan" has become the abbreviation of the province. In 201, eight counties were added to the original seven of Qin[], and three more were established in later years. Throughout most of the Han dynasty the commandery's eighteen counties covered most of the modern province of Jiangxi. The county seats of Nanchang, Gan, Yudu, Luling among others were located at the sites of modern major cities. Other counties, however, have been moved or abolished in later centuries.
Under the reign of
of the , Yuzhang Commandery was assigned to , as part of a trend to establish provinces () all across China. In 291 AD, during the , Jiangxi became its own Zhou called Jiangzhou (江州, Gan: Kong-chiu). During the , Jiangxi was under the control of the southern dynasties, and the number of zhou slowly grew.
During the , there were seven
and twenty-four counties in Jiangxi. During the , another commandery and fourteen counties were added. Commanderies were then abolished, becoming zhou (henceforth translated as "prefectures" rather than "provinces").
were established during the
as a new top-level administrative division. At first Jiangxi was part of the
(lit. "Circuit south of the Yangtze"). In 733, this circuit was divided into western and eastern halves. Jiangxi was found in the western half, which was called
(lit. "Western circuits south of the Yangtze"). This is the source of the modern name "Jiangxi".
collapsed in 907, heralding the division of the
period. Jiangxi first belonged to
(吳, Gan: Ng), then to
(南唐, Gan: Nām-thóng). Both states were based in modern-day , further down the .
During the , Jiangnanxi Circuit was reestablished with nine prefectures and four army districts (with sixty-eight districts).
During the , the circuit was divided into thirteen different circuits, and Jiangxi Province was established for the first time. This province also included the majority of modern . Jiangxi acquired (more or less) its modern borders during the
was separated out. There has been little change to the borders of Jiangxi since.
After the fall of the Qing dynasty, Jiangxi became one of the earliest bases for the
and many peasants were recruited to join the growing people's revolution. The
took place in Jiangxi on August 1, 1927, during the . Later the Communist leadership hid in the mountains of southern and western Jiangxi, hiding from the Kuomindang's attempts to eradicate them. In 1931, the 's government was established in , which is sometimes called the "Former Red Capital" (红色故都, Gan: Fūng-set Kū-tu), or just the "Red Capital". In 1935, after complete encirclement by the Nationalist forces, the Communists broke through and began the
to Yan'an.
Nanchang City
Xinyu City
Pingxiang City
Mountains surround Jiangxi on three sides, with the , , and the
(九连山) and
in the south. The southern half of the province is hilly with ranges and
while the northern half is flatter and lower in altitude. The highest point in Jiangxi is
(黄岗山) in the Wuyi Mountains, on the border with . It has an altitude of 2,157 metres (7,077 ft).
dominates the province, flowing through the entire length of the province from south to north. It enters
in the north, the largest freshwater lake of C that lake in turn empties into the , which forms part of the northern border of Jiangxi. Important
include the
in the northwest of the province on the , and the
in the upper section of the Gan.
Jiangxi has a
(Cfa under the ), with short, cool, damp winters, and very hot, humid summers. Average temperatures are about 3 to 9 °C (37 to 48 °F) in January and 27 to 30 °C (81 to 86 °F) in July. Annual precipitation is 1,200 to 1,900 millimetres (47 to 75 in), much of it falling in the heavy rains occurring in late spring and summer.
, the provincial capital and the most densely populated city, is one of the largest Chinese . Nanchang is the hub of
throughout its history, which plays a leading role in the commercial, intellectual and industrial and political fields. While
is the largest subdivision of Jiangxi.
Major cities:
Main articles:
Jiangxi is divided into eleven : all :
Administrative divisions of Jiangxi
English name
Area in km2
Population 2010
Jiāngxī Shěng
44,567,475
Nánchāng Shì
Jǐngdézhèn Shì
Píngxiāng Shì
Jiǔjiāng Shì
Xīnyú Shì
Yīngtán Shì
Gànzhōu Shì
Jí'ān Shì
Yíchūn Shì
Fǔzhōu Shì
Shàngráo Shì
The eleven
of Jiangxi are subdivided into 100
(22 , 11 , and 67 ). Those in turn are divided into 1548
(770 , 651 , seven , and 120 ).
for a complete list of .
Main articles:
The Politics of Jiangxi is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China.
is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Jiangxi. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the Jiangxi
Provincial Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "Jiangxi ".
is the dominant crop in Jiangxi. Cash crops commonly grown include
and . Jiangxi is the leading
in China, particularly .
Jiangxi is rich in mineral resources, leading the provinces of China in deposits of , , , , , , , , among others. Noted centers of mining include
(copper) and
(tungsten).
Jiangxi is a rather poor province when compared to its neighboring provinces. It is located in extreme proximity to some of the richest provinces of China (, , ), which are sometimes blamed for taking away talent and capital from Jiangxi.
Jiangxi has the lowest wages and third lowest property prices in all of China. Jiangxi's nominal GDP for 2011 was 1158.3 billion yuan (183.8 billion USD) and a per capita of 17,248 RMB (2,525USD).
Nanchang Export Processing Zone
Nanchang National Export Expressing Zone is located in NanChang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone, it was approved by the State Council on May 8, 2006, and passed the national acceptance inspection on Sep 7th, 2007. It has a planning area of 1 km2 and now has built 0.31 km2. It enjoys simple and convenient customs clearances,and special preferential policies both for Nanchang National Export Expressing Zone and NCHDZ.
Nanchang National High-tech Industrial Development Zone
Nanchang National High-tech Industrial Development Zone (NCHDZ for short hereafter) is the only national grade high-tech zoned in Jiangxi, it was established in Mar. 1991. The zone covers an area of 231 km2 (89 sq mi), in which 32 km2 (12 sq mi) have been completed. NCHDZ possesses unique nature condition and sound industry foundation of accepting electronics industry. NCHDZ has brought 25% industrial added value and 50% industrial benefit and tax to Nanchang city by using only 0.4% land area.
Nanchang Economic and Technological Development Zone
She ethnic townships in Jiangxi
23,988,000
—    
20,323,000
15,805,000
12,507,000
16,772,865
21,068,019
33,184,827
37,710,281
40,397,598
44,567,475
The population of Jiangxi is approximately 39.66 million. 99.73% of that is , predominantly
and . , Jiangxi's largest city, has an especially large number of Hakka. Ethnic minorities include
Jiangxi and Henan both have the most unbalanced gender ratios of all Chinese provinces. Based on a 2009
study, the ratio is over 140 boys for every 100 girls in the 1-4 age group.
Religion in Jiangxi
   (24.05%)
   (2.31%)
  Other religions or not religious people (73.64%)
The predominant religions in Jiangxi are ,
and . According to surveys conducted in 2007 and % of the population believes and is involved in , while 2.31% of the population identifies as Christian.
The reports didn't give figures for oth 73.64% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in , Buddhism, , Taoism, .
(Taoist) in .
Youmin Buddhist Temple in .
Porcelain workshop in Jingdezhen.
Jiangxi is the main area of concentration of the
varieties of , spoken over most of the northern two-thirds of the province. Examples include the ,
and . The southern one-third of the province speaks . There are also , , and
dialects spoken along the northern border.
(Jiangxi opera) is the type of
performed in Jiangxi.
Although little known outside of the province,
is rich and distinctive. Flavors are some of the strongest in China, with heavy use of
and especially
is widely regarded as the producer of the best
Jiangxi also was a historical center of .
Prominent examples of
can be found in Jiangxi.
As of January 2015, Jiangxi had two , both in Jiujiang.
crisscross the province and intersect at Nanchang, which also has a . In addition, Jiangxi is connected by rail to Anhui Pr to H and to Fujian via the , ,
The mountain peaks of Lushan National Park.
Near the northern port city of
lies the well-known resort area of . Also near the city are the
(铁佛寺), two important
Near the small city of
is the resort area of , which purports to be the birthplace of
and hence has great symbolic value to Taoists. The region has many temples, cave complexes, mountains and villages.
has been a
since 1996.
In 2007, Jiangxi (specifically the , about 40 kilometres (25 mi) from Nanchang) was the filming location for the fifteenth series of the American TV show .
The mountainous terrain and large forest coverage of Jiangxi has made it historically one of the more wild places of central China.
have been seen as recently as fifteen or twenty years ago and projects are underway to document evidence of existing tigers, if there are any. Several mountain areas along the northern border with Hunan and Hubei are potential sites for "wilderness" preserves specifically for protecting or even reintroducing tigers.
Other wildlife, though not plentiful, are more numerous in Jiangxi than in many other developed areas of China. Numerous species of birds are common, especially around the marshes of Lake Poyang in the north. Though protected, mammals such as , wild boar, civet cats, and , are still common enough that they'll even occasionally be seen in markets for sale as game meat, or possibly even in a forest.
was found in the province, and named after it.
Main article:
, Philippines
, United States
The data was collected by the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) of 2009 and by the Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) of 2007, reported and assembled by Xiuhua Wang (2015) in order to confront the proportion of people identifying with two similar social structures: ① Christian churches, and ② the traditional Chinese religion of the lineage (i. e. people believing and worshipping ancestral deities often organised into
and ). Data for other religions with a significant presence in China (deity cults, Buddhism, Taoism, folk religious sects, Islam, et. al.) was not reported by Wang.
This may include:
And people not bounded to, nor practicing any, institutional or diffuse religion.
. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 29 April .
(PDF) (in Chinese).
China. 2013.
(Chinese) , .
. 中华人民共和国民政部.
深圳市统计局. . 深圳统计网 (中国统计出版社).
shi, Guo wu yuan ren council, Guo jia tong ji ju ren kou he jiu ye tong ji si bian = Tabulation on the 2010 population census of the people's republic of China by township / compiled by Population census of population, D statistics, employment statistics national bureau of (2012). Zhongguo 2010 nian ren kou pu cha fen xiang, zhen, jie dao zi liao (Di 1 ban. ed.). Beijing Shi: Zhongguo tong ji chu ban she.  .
中华人民共和国民政部 (2014.08). 《中国民政统计年鉴2014》. 中国统计出版社.  .
Zhonghua quan guo min zhu fu nü lian he hui (1988). . Foreign Language Press 2011.
. RightSite.asia.
. RightSite.asia.
. RightSite.asia.
China General Social Survey 2009, Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) 2007. Report by:
. Noticias.ms.gov.br. .
travel guide from Wikivoyage
from 1573 CE - 1620 CE
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