Cimetidine, an unexpected anti-tumor agent, and its potential for the treatment of glioblastoma (review).
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):1021-30.Cimetidine, an unexpected anti-tumor agent, and its potential for the treatment of glioblastoma (review).1, , , .1Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.AbstractCimetidine (CIM), the prototypical histamine H2 receptor antagonist (H2RA), was brought to market based on its ability to accelerate healing of gastrointestinal ulcers through the inhibition of gastric acid secretion. Cimetidine, the most studied H2RA, has been demonstrated to possess anti-tumor activity against colon, gastric and kidney cancers, and melanomas. This activity involves a number of different mechanisms of action: a) CIM antagonizes tumor cell-mediated interleukin-1-induced activation of selectins in liver sinusoids, inhibiting tumor cell binding on liver sinusoids, thereby reducing the development b) histamine acts as a growth factor in various tumor cell types via the activation of H2 CIM therefore may an c) CIM acts as an immunomodulator by enhancing the host's immune response to tumor cells. With respect to malignant gliomas, CIM added to temozolomide was superior in vivo when compared to temozolomide alone in extending survival of nude mice with human glioblastoma cells orthotopically xenografted into their brain. We review the various mechanisms of action potentially associated with the therapeutic effects of CIM in the case of experimental glioblastomas, observations we hope will encourage clinical investigation of CIM in the management of highly malignant gliomas.PMID:
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External link. Please review our .从腾龙A16 17～50mm F2.8镜头测焦看镜头对焦回差在浅景深拍摄中的影响--《照相机》2012年11期
从腾龙A16 17～50mm F2.8镜头测焦看镜头对焦回差在浅景深拍摄中的影响
【摘要】：正一、在镜头测焦实验中遇到的问题和分析在浅景深摄影时,相机拍摄的最清晰点和对焦点是否一致是非常重要的,但是在可换镜头的单反相机上常常会碰到不一致的现象,俗称跑焦。因为单反相机的使用者大都喜欢使用光学取景器对焦,其自动对焦原理是相位检测式自动对焦,跑焦是机身和镜头制造误差的累积所致,从原理上看这个累积误差不可避免,这也是用单反的摄影人感到困扰的问题之一,所以上了一定档次的单反相机都会加上AF微调的功能来应对跑焦的现象。笔者入手腾龙SPAF17～50mmF2.8XR镜头后,因为考虑到这个镜头容易跑焦的传言,一开始就对镜头进行测焦和机身AF微调,然后拍了两组试镜片。
【关键词】：
【分类号】：J41【正文快照】：
一、在镜头测焦实验中遇到的问题和分析在浅景深摄影时,相机拍摄的最清晰点和对焦点是否一致是非常重要的,但是在可换镜头的单反相机上常常会碰到不一致的现象,俗称跑焦。因为单反相机的使用者大都喜欢使用光学取景器对焦,其自动对焦原理是相位检测式自动对焦,跑焦是机身和镜
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京公网安备75号Cloning and expression of alkane hydroxylase-1 from Alcanivorax borkumensis in Escherichia coli.
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):560-5. doi: 10.. Epub
2011 Nov 7.Cloning and expression of alkane hydroxylase-1 from Alcanivorax borkumensis in Escherichia coli.1, , , , .1Department of Genetics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.AbstractEnzymes with hydroxylating activity on alkanes have potential application as biotransformation catalysts in chemical and pharmaceutical industry. Genome of Alcanivorax borkumensis, a marine bacterium with hydrocarbon dissimilation activity, contains at least two P450 monooxygenases and two nonheme monooxygenases, AlkB1 and AlkB2, respectively. Presumably, all these enzymes possess alkane hydroxylating activity. Both AlkB1 and AlkB2 are membrane proteins. Two accessory proteins, rubredoxin and rubredoxin reductase, supply the reducing equivalent from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced (NADPH to hydroxylases. Rubredoxin reductase catalyses the reduction of rubredoxin by oxidation of NADPH, and rubredoxin transfers the electrons to the alkane hydroxylase to complete the hydroxylation reaction. Here, we sought to investigate the expression of alkB1 gene in Escherichia coli. Therefore, we amplified alkB1 gene from A. borkumensis genome by polymerase chain reaction and cloned it in the expression vector pET26 upstream of His-tag sequence. Predisposed BL21 (DE3) cells were transformed by the recombinant vector. At last, expression of recombinant enzyme was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. Regarding the potential ability of this enzyme in hydroxylation of long-chained alkanes, the application of it would be studied in petroleum downstream industries.PMID:
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External link. Please review our .Development of multiplex real-time PCR for the rapid detection of five bacterial causes of community acquired pneumonia.
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):545-56.Development of multiplex real-time PCR for the rapid detection of five bacterial causes of community acquired pneumonia.1, , , .1Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia.AbstractEstablishing a microbial diagnosis for patients with community-acquired pneumonia
(CAP) is still challenging and is often achieved in only 30-50% of cases. Polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) has been shown to be more sensitive than conventional microbiological
methods and it could help to increase the microbial yield for CAP patients. This study was
designed to develop, optimize and evaluate multiplex real-time PCR as a method for rapid
differential detection of five bacterial causes of CAP namely Streptococcus pneumoniae,
Burkholderia pseudomallei and atypical bacterial pathogens, Mycoplasma pneumoniae,
Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila. Duplex and triplex real-time PCR
assays were developed using five sets of primers and probes that were designed based on an
appropriate specific gene for each of the above CAP pathogens. The performance of primers
for each organism was tested using SYBR Green melt curve analysis following monoplex realtime
PCR amplification. Monoplex real-time PCR assays were also used to optimize each
primers-probe set before combining them in multiplex assays. Two multiplex real-time PCR
assays duplex assay for the differential detection of S. pneumoniae and
B. pseudomallei, and triplex assay for the atypical bacterial pathogens. Both duplex and
triplex real-time PCR assays were tested for specificity by using DNA extracted from 26
related microorganisms and sensitivity by running serial dilutions of positive control DNAs.
The developed multiplex real-time PCR assays shall be used later for directly identifying CAP
causative agents in clinical samples.PMID:
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External link. Please review our .BACE1- and BACE2-expressing human cells: characterization of beta-amyloid precursor protein-derived catabolites, design of a novel fluorimetric ass...
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2003 Jul 11;278(28):25859-66. Epub
2003 May 7.BACE1- and BACE2-expressing human cells: characterization of beta-amyloid precursor protein-derived catabolites, design of a novel fluorimetric assay, and identification of new in vitro inhibitors.1, , , , , , , , , , .1Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire of Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR Valbonne, France.AbstractWe have set up stably transfected HEK293 cells overexpressing the beta-secretases BACE1 and BACE2 either alone or in combination with wild-type beta-amyloid precursor protein (betaAPP). The characterization of the betaAPP-derived catabolites indicates that cells expressing BACEs produce less genuine Abeta1- 40/42 but higher amounts of secreted sAPPbeta and N-terminal-truncated Abeta species. This was accompanied by a concomitant modulation of the C-terminal counterpart products C89 and C79 for BACE1 and BACE2, respectively. These cells were used to set up a novel BACE assay based on two quenched fluorimetric substrates mimicking the wild-type (JMV2235) and Swedish-mutated (JMV2236) betaAPP sequences targeted by BACE activities. We show that BACEs activities are enhanced by the Swedish mutation and maximal at pH 4.5. The specificity of this double assay for genuine beta-secretase activity was demonstrated by means of cathepsin D, a "false positive" BACE candidate. Thus, cathepsin D was unable to cleave preferentially the JMV2236-mutated substrate. The selectivity of the assay was also emphasized by the lack of JMV cleavage triggered by other "secretases" candidates such as ADAM10 (A disintegrin and metalloprotease 10), tumor necrosis alpha-converting enzyme, and presenilins 1 and 2. Finally, the assay was used to screen for putative in vitro BACE inhibitors. We identified a series of statine-derived sequences that dose-dependently inhibited BACE1 and BACE2 activities with IC50 in the micromolar range, some of which displaying selectivity for either BACE1 or BACE2.PMID:
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