Metal jacket subjected to high temperature gradients
European Patent EP0595693
Abstract of EP0595693The present invention relates to a metal jacket (sheath) subjected internally to high temperature gradients, including a metal sheet (1) of tubular shape of rectangular cross-section with rounded corners reinforced with external stiffeners made up of sections located in planes perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the metal sheet and connected to it. The stiffening sections are made up of first sections (2) which are straight and welded to the sides of the metal sheet (1) and connected at each corner by respectively a second section (3) secured by its ends to two adjacent first sections (2), this second section (3) being spaced away from the metal sheet (1). This envelope is particularly intended to form an exhaust jacket for gas turbines.
Inventors:
Gandia, Liberto (10, Rue de la Cheuvette, Blevilliers, F-70400, FR)
Rouget, Frederic (49, Rue Carnot, Valdoie, F-90300, FR)
Application Number:
Publication Date:
10/25/1995
Filing Date:
10/22/1993
Export Citation:
European, Gas Turbines SA. (38, avenue Kléber, Paris, F-75116, FR)
International Classes:
F01D25/30; F02K1/82; F16L9/00; (IPC1-7): F16L9/00; F01D25/30; F01N3/02; F01N7/08; F16L53/00
European Classes:
F01D25/30; F02K1/82; F16L9/00B
View Patent Images:
&&&&&&PDF help
Foreign References:
FR1456866AGB2089434A2634759Insulated flue pipe
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
Fournier, Michel (SOSPI 14-16, rue de la Baume, Paris, F-75008, FR)
1. A metal duct, the inside of which is subjected to steep temperature gradients, and which comprises a sheet metal tube (1) of rectangular cross-section with rounded corners and reinforced with outer stiffeners constituted by members which are disposed in planes perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the tube and which are connected thereto, said duct being characterized in that the stiffening members are constituted by rectilinear first members (2) welded to the sides of the tube (1) and interconnected at each corner via a respective second member (3) which is secured via its ends to two first members (2) situated on two adjacent faces of the duct, the second member (3) being spaced apart from the duct (1).
2. A duct according to claim 1, characterized in that each second member (3) is welded to the adjacent first members (2).
3. A duct according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each second member (3) has a rounded shape that matches the shape of each of the corners of the tube (1), the clearance (4) between the second member (3) and the tube (1) being substantially constant.
4. A gas turbine exhaust duct constituted by a duct according to claim 1, 2, or 3.
Description:
La présente invention se rapporte à une gaine métallique soumise à des gradients de température élevés et en particulier à une gaine d'échappement de turbine à gaz.Plus précisément, elle concerne une gaine métallique soumise intérieurement à des gradients de température élevés comportant une t?le de forme tubulaire de section rectangulaire à coins arrondis renforcée de raidisseurs extérieurs constitués de profilés disposés dans des plans perpendiculaires à l'axe de symétrie de la t?le et reliés à celle-ci.De fa?on classique, la t?le est de section rectangulaire, de préférence carrée, avec des coins arrondis pour limiter les contraintes là où elles sont maximales. Les profilés raidisseurs, qui assurent la tenue mécanique, sont constitués de profilés soudés sur toute la périphérie de la t?le tubulaire. La gaine étant soumise à des gradients de température élevés, les profilés raidisseurs ont leur face soudée à la t?le qui s'échauffe très vite alors que leur partie extérieure est encore à température basse. Ces écarts de température de part et d'autre de l'?me d'inertie des profilés engendrent des contraintes thermiques liées aux dilatations différentielles qui en résultent. Dans les angles, où les valeurs des contraintes mécaniques classiques sont maximales, l'apport des contraintes thermiques différentielles provoque assez souvent des dépassements des performances des matériaux. Il en résulte des fissurations des profilés raidisseurs et plus gravement des déchirures de la t?le qui risquet d'entra?ner des fuites du milieu très chaud véhiculé et une aggravation des dommages.Une solution connue appliquée consiste à calorifuger extérieurement les profilés raidisseurs pour limiter le flux thermique à travers les sections de gaine et donc les différentiels thermiques mais les inerties des masses des gaines limitent grandement les performances de cette solution.Une autre solution connue est de limiter la hauteur des profilés raidisseurs pour réduire l'écart de température entre leur base et leur sommet, ce qui impose de réduire le pas de raidissage pour conserver les caractéristiques mécaniques. Ceci n'est pas favorable économiquement et limite seulement le phénomène de fissuration des profilés raidisseurs sans cependant garantir la tenue d'étanchéité des gaines.La présente invention se propose de résoudre ces problèmes par un agencement de profilés raidisseurs particulièrement simple.Pour ce faire, selon l'invention, les profilés raidisseurs sont constitués de premiers profilés rectilignes soudés sur les c?tés de la t?le et reliés au niveau de chaque coin par respectivement un second profilé solidaire par ses extrémités à deux premiers profilés situés sur deux faces adjacentes de la gaine, ce second profilé étant espacé de la t?le.L'objet de l'invention est donc de dissocier le profilés raidisseurs de la t?le dans les coins de la gaine. Ainsi les deux faces du second profilé et en particulier la face tournée vers la t?le sont isolées par une lame d'air, ce qui limite beaucoup plus le flux thermique que tout isolant externe. L'écart maximal de température entre base et sommet est donc réduit considérablement.Si les contraintes résiduelles sont encore trop importantes par rapport aux performances des matériaux, les fissurations des profilés raidisseurs des coins ne pourront se propager et atteindre la t?le. Celle-ci restera donc étanche ce qui évitera toute aggravation des dommages tels que destruction du calorifuge, raidisseurs à température trop élevée, rupture de raidisseurs, etc...De préférence, chaque second profilé est soudé aux premiers profilés adjacents.Avantageusement, chaque second profilé est de forme arrondie correspondante à la forme des coins de la t?le, le
jeu entre second profilé et t?le étant sensiblement constant.L'invention concerne également une gaine d'échappement de turbine à gaz constituée d'une gaine telle que précisée ci-dessus.De telles gaines sont en général en acier réfractaire et sont soumises à des variations brutales de température du fait de mises en fonction rapides. L'étanchéité de la t?le isolée ou non des gaz y est primordiale.L'invention est exposée ci-après plus en détail à l'aide de dessins ne représentant qu'un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention.La figure unique est une vue en coupe transversale d'une gaine conforme à l'invention.La gaine est constituée d'une t?le 1 tubulaire de section rectangulaire, de préférence carrée, à coins arrondis. Sur la périphérie de cette t?le à un pas déterminé par la tenue mécanique sont disposés des raidisseurs. Ces raidisseurs se composent de premiers profilés 2, de préférence en U, soudés sur les c?tés de la t?le 1 et de seconds profilés 3, de préférence en U mais pouvant être par exemple en I, reliés par leurs extrémités à deux premiers profilés 2 adjacents. De préférence, ces second profilés 3 sont soudés à ces premiers profilés 2 par l'intermédiaire d'un plaque 5 soudée à l'extrémité des premiers profilés 2.Les seconds profilés 3 sont espacés de la t?le 1 d'un jeu 4 sensiblement constant, leur forme étant arrondie en correspondance à la forme des coins de la t?le 1. Ce jeu 4 permet la création d'une lame d'air isolante et l'absence de contact entre la t?le 1 et les seconds profilés 3 évite toute transmission de fissure de ces profilés 3 soumis aux contraintes thermiques à la t?le 1.
& 2004-. All rights reserved.Rogers Communications Submission on a Digital Economy Strategy for Canada (continued) - Digital Canada 150
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Submission (continued)
Appendix I (continued)
4. Benchmarking Fixed and Mobile Internet Usage
Internet consumption or usage is one indicator of the quality and availability of high
speed Internet service. Speed is a characteristic of networks that is addictive – the faster a
network works, greater use can be made of it and the more the customer &needs& yet
higher speeds.
Put another way, if the underlying Internet service is fast and of high quality, one would
expect usage indicators to be higher, especially the case for video. With fast, high quality
connections, consumers are better able to migrate video usage online.
Thus, LYA has developed a comparison of the monthly consumer Internet usage among
various countries, focusing on key Canadian economic partners, to benchmark Canadian
consumer usage with what is being observed elsewhere for both fixed Internet, on a per
household basis, and mobile usage, on a per subscriber basis.
Our analyses consider both total Internet usage as an indicator of overall benefits derived
from Internet access. Online video usage is also discussed as a subset of total fixed
Internet usage as it reflects the quality and performance of broadband networks,
especially regarding the availability and penetration of very high speed broadband
Internet access services.
This assessment has been developed using a widely quoted source of Internet traffic, the
Cisco &Visual Networking Index& (VNI) reports. The Cisco VNI reports provide
estimates of total traffic by different applications – consumer, business, fixed, mobile,
etc. – by regions of the world. The report also provides a five year forecast, which is
based on a mixture of various analyst reports as well as some of Cisco's own
information.
4.1 Growth in Total Fixed Consumer Internet Traffic
Cisco's forecast for fixed consumer Internet traffic for Canada is summarized below.
Table 10 – Forecast of Canadian consumer Internet traffic (PB) per Cisco
Source: Cisco VNI online widget and 2008 information provided separately from Cisco
& Lemay-Yates Associates Inc., 2010
PB per month
CAGR 08-14
Based on this, Canadian consumer Internet traffic would have more than doubled from
2008 to 2010 and would be growing at a rate of 37% per year to 2014.
As one point of comparison for growth rates in Internet traffic, the figure below shows
the evolution of the speed of the connection at Canada's largest Internet peering point in
Figure 1 – Growth in Internet Peak Peering Speed in Toronto – 2007 to 2010
Based on traffic information approximately at mid-year for
each year shown, per TorIX& Lemay-Yates Associates Inc., 2010
While the TorIX information is the peak speed of the connection for the dates shown, and
is assumed to include all Internet traffic (consumer, business, mobile), it does indicate
that growth in Canadian traffic has been quite high. From 2007 to 2010 the average
growth in the TorIX peering speed has been over 100% per year.
For comparison with Cisco, the TorIX peak speed from 2008 to 2010 has quadrupled, i.e.
increased by over 4x.
Based on the Cisco VNI information, total Canadian consumer Internet traffic would
have more than doubled – about 2.3x – from 2008 to 2010. The growth rate used by
Cisco for its forecast is therefore likely conservative.
The following figure highlights the
growth of total consumer fixed Internet
traffic comparing Canada to key economic partners, namely the US, the UK, France and
Germany, as well as Japan and Korea.
This highlights growth rates equal to or in excess of 100% for Canada, the US, UK,
France as well as Japan and Korea, equivalent to more than doubling of traffic in just 3
years. It also highlights that the US, Japan and Canada have experienced the highest
growth rates in total consumer Internet usage during this period at 135%, 134% and
130% respectively.
Figure 2 – Comparison of Growth in Total Fixed Consumer Internet Traffic
Source: Cisco VNI Index Forecast Widget and Information from Cisco& Lemay-Yates Associates Inc., 2010
Going forward, annual growth rates forecast by the Cisco VNI for the countries included
in our assessment are all fairly close in the range of 40% per annum, as highlighted in
Table 11 below.
We further highlight that, as shown in Table 11, video applications are experiencing the
highest growth rates in all countries, stimulated by increasing deployment of very high
speed Internet networks and by the enhanced availability of high quality content
delivered online that can be viewed on a TV set.
We note that the next section highlights that total Internet usage per household in Canada
is similar to levels achieved in the US and that Internet usage in both countries is much
higher than what is estimated in France, Germany, the UK and Japan. Korea's growth
rate is low relative to the other countries, but its starting point is much higher.
Table 11 – Forecast Total Fixed Internet Data Growth Rates per Application
Source: Cisco VNI Index Forecast Widget and Information from Cisco
& Lemay-Yates Associates Inc., 2010
Consumer fixed Internet
Cumulative annualized growth rate (CAGR) 2008 to 2013
4.2 Comparison of Fixed Consumer Internet Traffic Consumption per Household
We have compared fixed Internet usage per Internet-household among the selected
countries, for the year 2009.
Our comparison first focuses on total Internet usage per household as an indicator of the
overall benefits derived from Internet access.
A positive consumer experience watching videos online requires high quality networks
and we would thus argue that higher online video consumption or download is correlated
with more widespread broadband availability and a better quality in broadband networks,
in addition to the availability of online video and TV high quality content. Online video
applications have also been estimated as a segment of total Internet usage as an indicator
of the relative quality and speed of broadband access networks.
As the Cisco VNI data also provides segmentation of the usage, we have thus also
highlighted Internet video usage consumption on a per Internet-household basis. Internet
video is the largest segment in terms of video usage among the three identified by Cisco
VNI, namely Internet video to TV and video calling in addition to Internet video, and is
estimated to have represented close to 40% of all Internet consumption in Canada in
Figure 3 demonstrates that, in 2009, fixed Internet data usage per Internet-household in
Canada is on par with and in some cases higher than the usage that has been estimated for
the other countries.
Furthermore and of particular interest when discussing very high speed Internet services,
estimated monthly online video consumption estimates for 2009 in both Canada as well as the US are significantly higher than, about double, the estimates of online video consumption in selected European countries, namely the UK, France, Germany, as well
The figures for Korea are significantly higher than the other countries and not shown on
the figure. In Korea the Cisco VNI forecast is equivalent to 85&GB per Internet household
in total and 38&GB for Internet video.
Figure 3 – Comparison of Monthly Fixed Consumer Internet Consumption per Internet Household – 2009 (in GB)
Source: Cisco VNI Index Forecast Widget and Information from C Internet households per LYA analysis& Lemay-Yates Associates Inc., 2010
We note that the above estimates do not reflect the anticipated increase in online video
consumption that should be expected to result from the flurry of new online video portals
and Video On demand services launched by Canadian firms since late 2009.
These include the Rogers On demand Online portal, Radio-Canada's Tou.tv portal, Bell's
TV Online service, Videotron's illicoweb.tv portal and Shaw's VOD Player.
4.3 Comparing Mobile Consumption for Data Services
Figure 4 compares the estimated monthly mobile data consumption by Canadian mobile
subscriber with those found in the US, the UK, France and Germany. Canada's
subscriber consumption, slightly higher than the US and higher than mobile data
consumption in France and Germany is only second to the UK's, which ranks as first
among these countries.
This is particularly interesting when considering that mobile data services in general in
Canada have not been charged on an unlimited basis. Canadian consumers have not had
unlimited usage plans, but they nevertheless use their mobile data services somewhat
more than their US counterparts.
This could be in large part because the networks deployed in Canada provide for more
mobile bandwidth, as highlighted in the previous section.
The conclusion of this analysis is in line with the results of our comparison of the
penetration of mobile broadband devices and Smartphones among the same countries, as
presented in the previous section.
Figure 4 – Comparison of Mobile MB Consumption per Month per Subscriber in 2009
Source: Traffic per Cisco VNI Index Forecast W subs
per LYA based on information from each country
The values for Japan and Korea are not shown on the Figure as they are significantly
higher at 258 and 1,960&MB respectively.
Japan and Korea were the first countries to implement third generation (3G) mobile
networks. In Japan 93% of mobile phone contracts were for 3G by 2008. Both also
heavily promote development and use of mobile television services, which are very data
intensive.
In Korea, seven channels of live pay TV were made available for mobile in mid-2005 and
a free service was initiated in 2006.
Reportedly over 50% of the population now &regularly& watches the free mobile
television service. The free mobile television service, however, makes use of a terrestrial digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB) network which is separate from the cellular/3G network.
The Cisco VNI usage information for Korea thus likely includes live television usage on
the DMB networks which would tend to distort the comparison with other countries
where DMB or equivalent services are nascent or non-existent.
4.4 Conclusions on the Benchmarking of Usage of Fixed and Mobile Services
The analysis of both fixed and mobile Internet usage per country based on the Cisco VNI
data leads us to conclude that Canadian consumers are high users of Internet data on both
types of networks, compared to consumers in other countries of similar economic
environments.
The rapid growth of online video usage in Canada (as well as in the US) is of particular
interest as high quality networks are necessary to provide an enjoyable consumer
experience for these applications and thus lead to increased usage. Thus, we believe this
usage analysis corroborates our research on the availability and penetration of very high
speed Internet access services offered to consumers in Canada.
The high Internet usage of Canadian households is also an indicator of the relative
affordability of these services.
5. How Canadian Carriers Compare with their Peers in Terms of Capital Investment
Lastly, our report addresses capital invested by Canadian carriers overall (fixed and
mobile networks) as well as specifically in their mobile networks and compares this
investment with what is invested by carriers in other countries, notably the US and
carriers active in EU countries.
Table 14 highlights the exchange rates applied to compare capital investment between
Canadian and US as well as European carriers.
Table 12 – Average Exchange Rates in 2007 and 2008
Source: Financial Markets Department Year Average of Exchange Rates, Bank of Canada
Average Exchange Rates
Exchange Rates
5.1 Total Capital Investment Metrics in Telecommunications Network per Country
The following figure compares the total capital investment intensity (corresponding to
total in-year capital investment divided by total revenues) for the years 2007 and 2008
between Canada, US carriers as well as EU carriers.
We highlight that 2008 is the last year for which a complete data set is available from the
EU statistics. Major cablecos were included in our analysis of major carriers in Canada
and the US.
Major Canadian carriers outspent carriers from the US as well as carriers from the EU in
both years. Carriers in the US and UK are close in second place.
The same conclusion holds true for the total in-year capital investment per capita for the
same period as shown in Figure 6.
Both figures reflect capital investment in fixed as well as mobile networks and in
residential and business networks. No information is available to segregate capital
investment allocated to serve business customers during that period.
Figure 5 – Benchmarking of Capex Intensity per Country for Total Telecom Services - 2007 and 2008
* Data for Canada and the United-States includ
Canada: Bell, Telus, Rogers, Videotron, Cogeco and Shaw.
United-States: Verizon, AT&T, Sprint Nextel, T-Mobile, Comcast and Cablevision.
* France, Germany, UK and EU27&data from &15th Progress Report on the Single European Electronic Communications Market - 2009&, May 25th, 2010. Data
includes the whole industry.
Figure 6 – Benchmarking of In-Year Capital Investment per Capita per Country for Total Telecom Services – 2007 and 2008
* Data for Canada and the United-States includ
Canada: Bell, Telus, Rogers, Videotron, Cogeco and Shaw.
United-States: Verizon, AT&T, Sprint Nextel, T-Mobile, Comcast and Cablevision.
* France, Germany, UK and EU27&data from &15th Progress Report on the Single European Electronic Communications Market - 2009&, May 25th, 2010. Data
includes the whole industry.
5.2 Capital Investment Metrics in Mobile Networks per country
The following figures compare the capex intensity (corresponding to total in-year capital
investment divided by total revenues) as well as the in-year capital investment per capita
related only to mobile networks for the years 2007 and 2008 between Canada, US
carriers as well as EU carriers. We highlight again that 2008 is the last year for which a
complete data set is available from the EU statistics.
Canada ranks first at close to 13% capex intensity. US carriers are close in second place
while the UK, Germany and France are all hovering around the 10% mark or even below.
Canada ranks second or third when comparing in-year capital investment in mobile
networks per capita in 2007 and 2008. The US captures the first rank in both years on this
Figure 7 – Benchmarking of Mobile Capex Intensity in 2007 and 2008 per Country
* Data for Canada and the United-States includ
Canada: Bell, Telus, Rogers.
United-States: Verizon, AT&T, Sprint Nextel, T-Mobile.
* France, Germany, UK and EU27&data from &15th Progress Report on the Single European Electronic Communications Market - 2009&, May 25th, 2010. Data includes the whole industry.
Figure 8 – Benchmarking of In-year capital Investment per Capita per Country for Mobile Services in 2007 and 2008
* Data for Canada and the United-States includ
Canada: Bell, Telus, Rogers.
United-States: Verizon, AT&T, Sprint Nextel, T-Mobile.
* France, Germany, UK and EU27&data from &15th Progress Report on the Single European Electronic Communications Market - 2009&, May 25th, 2010. Data includes the whole industry.
6. Appendix A – Results of Very High Speed Internet Service Availability Tests in Canada and the UK
6.1 Videotron Ltee.
Videotron Ltee. - Tests conducted in June , 2010
Postal Code
Street Number
Ultimate Speed (30 & 50)
& Lemay-Yates Associates Inc., 2010
Pierre de Coubertin
Chicoutimi
Rue de la Cote-Sainte-Catherine
Sherbrooke Ouest
Av de la Renaissance
Rue de Dreux
Rue Saint Jules
Rue Beauregard
Marieville
Rue Angele
Repentingy
Rue du Saguenay
Rue Champlain
Sherbrooke
6.2 Rogers Communications Inc.
Rogers Communications Inc.
Postal Code
Street Number
Ultimate Speed
Ultimate Speed
Next Best Option
Speed of Next Best Option
& Lemay-Yates Associates Inc., 2010
Saint John NB
Saint John NB
Extreme Plus
Fredericton NB
Extreme Plus
Fredericton NB
Moncton NB
Extreme Plus
St John's NL
Extreme Plus
Shediac NB
Bouctouche NB
Extreme Plus
Bathurst NB
Extreme Plus
St Antoine NB
Extreme Plus
Toronto ON
Extreme Plus
Toronto ON
Peel Region (Mississauga) ON
Extreme Plus
Markham ON
Toronto ON
Extreme Plus
Toronto ON
Toronto ON
Extreme Plus
Scarborough ON
Toronto ON
Extreme Plus
Toronto ON
Extreme Plus
Extreme Plus
Extreme Plus
Extreme Plus
Extreme Plus
Waterloo ON
Extreme Plus
Extreme Plus
Moncton NB
Extreme Plus
Riverview NB
Extreme Plus
Bathurst NB
Extreme Plus
St John's NL
Extreme Plus
Collingwood ON
Kitchener ON
Extreme Plus
Kitchener ON
Extreme Plus
Extreme Plus
Extreme Plus
Owen Sound ON
Owen Sound ON
Extreme Plus
Peel Region (Brampton) ON
Extreme Plus
Peel Region (Caledon) ON
Extreme Plus
Peel Region (Missisauga) ON
6.3 UK Test Results for Very High Speed Internet Availability
UK Test Results for Very High Speed Internet Availability
BT Infinity
BT Broadband
Max Download Infinity
Max Speed BT Total
Virgin Fibre
& Lemay-Yates Associates Inc., 2010
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Muswell Hill
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Muswell Hill
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7. Appendix B – Analysis of SpeedTest Results and Comparison with Akamai (July 2010)
SpeedTest provides statistics regarding download and upload speed as well as latency on
high speed connections based on tests conducted by individual users on their own
Internet connections around the world. SpeedTest reports on total number of tests and
unique IP addresses per country as some users may conduct tests on their own
connections on a frequent basis.
The following table compares the Akamai and SpeedTest results in terms of download
speeds achieved per connection for different countries, and highlights the significant
difference between the two. SpeedTest results are always much higher than Akamai and
sometimes almost three times higher. The two of course are generated using completely
different sets of information and thus this comparison highlights the difficulties in
properly assessing what is being achieved in Internet speeds in any country.
Download Speed in Mbps
Akamai IVQ 2009
SpeedTest Jul-10
SpeedTest vs Akamai (%)
& Lemay-Yates Associates Inc., 2010
South Korea
United States
United Kingdom
Akamai results are based on information on a large installed base of servers around the
world while SpeedTest results are based on the popularity of testing one's own Internet
connection by users in a particular country.
The following table provides an analysis of a ration we calculated as the Unique IP
address tested per capita as well as of the number of tests per Unique IP address in a
number of countries.
Rank by Download Speed
Download Speed (Mbps)
Unique IPs
Tests Taken
2010 Population
Unique IPs Tested per Capita
Tests Taken per Capita
Tests Taken per Unique IP
& Lemay-Yates Associates Inc., 2010
South Korea
48,500,717
Netherlands
16,653,346
12,868,012
21,190,154
Republic of Moldova
Aland Islands
126,995,411
11,327,858
82,056,775
10,732,357
Switzerland
Kyrgyzstan
10,697,588
16,649,023
62,636,580
20,882,571
45,433,415
Czech Republic
10,410,786
39,893,473
140,366,561
United States
36,201,280
170,552,426
317,641,087
Luxembourg
27,573,265
33,889,747
23,024,956
24,332,755
United Kingdom
10,845,449
54,718,365
61,899,272
Liechtenstein
11,314,098
11,183,393
18,363,831
38,038,094
15,326,265
21,511,888
15,753,460
United Arab Emirates
Isle of Man
New Zealand
45,316,586
We note that the frequency of user testing varies quite significantly per country.
SpeedTest for example may be better known in North America than it is in Korea or
Japan. Tests conducted in Korea and reported by SpeedTest represent only 220,000
unique IP addresses, for a population of the order of 49&million, a relatively low ratio of
0.0045&Unique IP tests per capita, versus 5.1&million unique IP addresses tested in
Canada for a population of 34&million, a ratio of 0.1523&Unique IP address tested per
capita in Canada.
Similar low ratios of number of unique IP addresses tested with respect to total
population can be seen for tests reported in Japan, Andorra, Moldova, Bulgaria,
Germany, France, Switzerland, and others which are shown as higher speed than Canada,
the United Kingdom and the US.
In addition, some users could have a greater tendency to test their connections repeatedly.
The analyses shown in the table above also calculated the average number of tests per
unique IP address in each country, which will vary widely from a ratio of 2 or 3 to as
much as 20. Therefore, although SpeedTest reports on a very large number of tests
conducted, comparing the actual results between countries may not be so straightforward.
Thus, owing to the significant difference in the relative usage of the SpeedTest tool
between countries, we have chosen to discuss the actual performance of the broadband
Internet connections for download speed using the results published by Akamai.
Again, we reiterate that none of these tests are able to address the overall availability and
penetration of high speed Internet service, an element which goes directly to ensuring the
benefits of high speed Internet to a vast majority if not the entire of the population.
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Yates Associates Inc. (LYA) services since 1993, providing us with a unique ability to
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as well as carriage-content, in a competitive environment that is increasingly dynamic,
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LYA is a key advisor to the telecom industry, helping to drive major investment
decisions and strategy. LYA also does independent strategic research and has published a
number of reports on telecom markets with topics covering Local Competition, CLECs,
Foreign Investment, Mobile 911, Consumer Telecom, Mobile Broadband Services and
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build competitive advantage by providing business intelligence and insight.
In the fast-moving age of instant information, strategic research is essential to be able to
see ahead especially when the future is closer than you may think and possibly bigger than it appears. We address this with quantifiable, reliable research integrated with our strategic insight and forward looking approach for your product and service planning.
In concert with our research, our strategy consulting services support the other Strategic
C's – assessment of the capabilities required to implement strategy and evaluation of the
cost of investing to do so. You will c-Change and c-Results.
c-Change means consulting services to help see change coming and to support making a
sea change in your business. LYA helps you move to the next level& you will c-Results
from us and from the implementation of you new plans, products and services.
Please visit our web site: .
LYA is a registered trademark of Lemay-Yates Associates Inc. Registered in the US
Patent and Trademark Office. Registered in the Canadian Intellectual Property Office.
c-Ahead, c-Sharp, c-Change and c-Results are trademarks of Lemay-Yates Associates
If the following document is not accessible to you, please contact the person below for assistance in obtaining the documents in the appropriate format.
Guylaine Verner
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada | Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada
300 Slater Street, Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0C8 | 300, rue Slater, Ottawa (Ontario)
Telephone | Téléphone 613-946-7464
Facsimile | Télécopieur 613-952-2708
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