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A Novel Photonic Frequency Down-Shifting Technique for Millimeter-Wave-Band Radio-Over
A Novel Photonic Frequency Down-Shifting Technique for Millimeter-Wave-Band Radio-Over
IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, VOL. 17, NO. 8, AUGUST 2005
A Novel Photonic Frequency Down-Shifting Technique for Millimeter-Wave-Band Radio-Over-Fiber Systems
Gang Zhou, Xiupu Zhang, Member, IEEE, Jianping Yao, Senior Member, IEEE, Ke Wu, Fellow, IEEE, and Raman Kashyap, Member, IEEE
Abstract―A novel photonic frequency down-shifting technique for millimeter-wave-band radio-over- ber (RoF) systems is proposed and veri ed by simulation. The frequency shifting is based on subcarrier modulation (SCM). An optical carrier with a subcarrier is injected into the frequency shifter consisting of a MachCZehnder modulator (MZM) or electroabsorption modulator (EAM) driven by a radio frequency sinusoidal signal. The frequency-shifted optical carrier with a frequency-shifted subcarrier is, thus, generated by SCM modulation. Index Terms―Microwave photonics, millimeter-wave (mmwave), optical
ber communications, radio-over- ber (RoF).
this technical dif culty. However, optical modulation depth, the power ratio of optical carrier and its subcarrier, and the most important factor in determining the RoF transmission performance, cannot be adjusted directly. In this letter, we propose a novel frequency down-shifting technique by the use of SCM with an optical MZM or electroabsorption modulator (EAM). II. PRINCIPLE OF PHOTONIC FREQUENCY DOWN-SHIFTING Suppose that an electric
eld has an optical carrier at which is injected into an MZM (referred to MZM-1), which is driven by a phase-modulated RF signal , where is the modulation voltage, is the RF modulation angular frequency, and is the modulated signal phase. The RF signal is applied to both electrodes of the MZM-1 with phase shift applied to one electrode. A dc bias voltage is also applied to one electrode while t and thus, the MZM-1 from the MZM-1 is, is operated at quadrature. The output thus, given by Bessel series [6], [7]
I. INTRODUCTION UTURE wireless millimeter-wave (mm-wave)-band communication networks are expected to offer broad-band radio access to a large number of subscribers. However, the electrical distribution of such mm-wave-band radio frequency (RF) signals over air is limited due to the high transmission loss. All high RF signals can be transmitted over
ber by applying dense wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) and subcarrier modulation (SCM) techniques and making use of the large available bandwidths and the low transmission losses in optical
bers. Recently, the DWDM technique with the SCM has been investigated for the application to radio-over- ber (RoF) systems [1]C[5]. However, the subcarriers which carry mm-wave-band RF signals are separated by tens of gigahertz from thus, it is impossible to apply conventional DWDM optical multiplexers and demultiplexers for the RoF systems, because the frequency separation of the optical carrier and its subcarrier is usually more than DWDM channel spacing and therefore the bandwidth of the multiplexers or demultiplexers. Moreover, it is preferable to generate a low intermediate frequency (IF) directly from the optical signal, avoiding the use of high frequency RF signal processing. Photonic frequency down-shifting (or conversion), by using carrier suppressed modulation with an optical MachCZehnder modulator (MZM) [6], [7] has been proposed to overcome
Manuscript received March 22, 2005; revised April 28, 2005. This work was supported in part by the Canadian Institute for Photonic Innovations. G. Zhou and X. Zhang are with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada (e-mail: xzhang@ece.concordia.ca). J. Yao is with the School of Information Technology Engineering, University of Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. K. Wu and R. Kashyap are with the Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada. Digital Object Identi er 10.1109/LPT.
(1) , ―RF
―normalized modulation voltage, ―the MZM voltag and is the laser phase noise. In (1), is the Bessel function with or . The
rst term in (1) is the optical carrier and the second term is the lower sideband (LSB) subcarrier, introduced by the single-sideband (SSB) modulation, which carries the transmitting signal. All other higher harmonics are omitted in (1). Now we consider another MZM (referred to MZM-2) which is used for optical frequency shifting, driven by an RF sinusoidal signal , where is the modulation voltage and is the RF modulation frequency. The MZM-2 is operated at quadrature, too. For a continuous-wave (CW) light with an optical frequency , the output electric
eld can be expressed by Fourier series and the optical carrier and LSB subcarrier terms , are only considered here, i.e., where the relati
ve amplitude is normalized to that of the optical carrier, which is increased with the modulation voltage ,
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