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Te-Se-X<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB)(1994) p. 211-218 <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB
Zhiyu Wang and Quanqing Chen, &Structure and Some Physical Properties in relation to Average Coordination Number, , in TeX and TeXAs Glasses&, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 184(1995) p.177-183 (IF: 1.264)
Zhiyu Wang, Chongjiang Tu, Yuanmei Li and Quanqing Chen, &The effects of Sn and Bi additions on properties and structure in Ge-Se-Te Chalcogenide glass&, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 191(1995) p.132-137 (IF: 1.264)
Xianping Fan, Minquan Wang, Zhiyu Wang and Zhanglian Hong, &Luminescence Behavior of Terbium Sulphosalicylic Acid Complexes in Sol-Gel Derived Host Materials&, Materials Research Bulletin, 32(8)( 1997) p. (EI) (IF: 1.380)
Xianping Fan, Minquan Wang and Zhiyu Wang, &Spectroscopic Studies of Rare Earth Ions in MgSiO3 Gel-Derived Crystals&, Materials Science and Engineering, B47 (1997) pp. 252-256(SCI, EI) (IF: 1.281)
SiO2Eu3+-<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GBp. 73-77
TEOS-GPTMS-MMAORMOSIL<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GBp. 78-81
MgXCa1-XSiO3Eu3+<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GBp. 91-93
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB)(1998) p. 56-60
Xianping Fan, Minquan Wang, Zhiyu Wang, &Concentration Effects and Stability Behavior of TbSSA Complex Luminescence in Sol-Gel Derived Host Materials&, Journal of Physical and Chemistry of Solids, 60(1999) p. 53-56(IF: 1.410)
Yong Zhang, Minquan Wang, Zhiyu Wang and Guodong Qian, &Photochemical Mechanism of Composite Solid Dye Laser Medium Materials&, Materials Letters, 40[4](1999) p175-179(EI) (IF: 1.299)
Feng X, Hu HF, Lin FY, Chen QQ and Wang ZY, &Glass Forming Tendency and Thermal Properties of Chalcogenide Glass Ge-Se-Te-Sn&, Phys. & Chem. of Glasses, 40(4)(1999) p.225-228. (SCI) (IF: 0.599)
Xiong Guohong, Wang Zhiyu, Qian Guodong, Fan Xianping and Wang Minquan, &In-situ Synthesis of Metallophthalocyanines in Sol-Gel Silica Glass Matrix&, J. Sol-Gel Sci. & Engi., <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB0) p.21-27(SCI, EI) 2(IF: 1.219)
6G TEOS-GPTMS<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB)2000 p.66-71
6G<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB)2000 p.80-83<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB(EI PageOne)
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB)2000 p.106-110
SiO2<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB)2000 p.206-210 (EI PageOne)
Hong Zhi, Wang Zhiyu, Yang Yu, Chen Jun, Wang Minquan, Bao Chengfang and Qiu Wenfa, &Tunable Solid-state Dye Laser with Narrow Linewidth Operation&, Chin. Phys. Lett., 18(2)(2001) p.225-227 (SCI) (IF: 1.276)
Xiaopeng Hao, Xianping Fan, Zhiyu Wang and Minquan Wang, &Fluorescence Properties of Rhodamine B-doped SiO2-TiO2 Films prepared by Sol-Gel Process&, Materials Letters, 51(2001) p.245-249 (SCI) 51(IF: 1.299)
Yu Yang, Guodong Qian, Zhiyu Wang and Minquan Wang, &Influence of the Thickness and Composition of the Solid-state Dye Laser Media on the Laser Properties&, Optics Communications, 204(2002) p.277-282 (SCI,EI) APR 1 20029(IF: 1.456)
Xianping Fan, Zhiyu Wang and Minquan Wang, &Study on In-situ Synthesis Process of 2-Pyridinecarboxylic Acid Europium(Ⅲ) Complexes in the Gel by Absorption Spectrum&, Chemical Physics Letters, 358(2002) p.115-120 (SCI) MAY 24 20021(IF: 2.438)
Xianping Fan, Zhiyu Wang and Minquan Wang, &Luminescence Behavior of the Eu(TTFA)3 and TbSSA Co-doped xerogel&, Journal of Luminescence, 99(2002) p.247-254 (SCI,EI),OCT, 20021(IF: 1.518)
Guodong Qian, Zhiyu Wang and Minquan Wang, &The Influences of Structural Evolution of Silica Gel Glass on the Photophysical Properties of Benzoic Acid&, Journal of Fluorescence, 12(3/4)(2002) p.377-382 (SCI,EI) DEC 2002(IF: 2.038)
Yu Yang, Minquan Wang, Guodong Qian, Zhiyu Wang, Zhi Hong, Xianping Fan and Jun Chen, &The influence of oscillator configurations on performance of solid state dye laser medium prepared by a new mould fabrication technique&, Mater. Lett., 57(3) (2002) p. 660-665(SCI,EI)DEC,2002(IF: 1.2992)
钱斯文，王智宇，王民权，&La3+掺杂对纳米TiO2微观结构及光催化性能的影响&，材料科学与工程，21(1)2003p.48-52
Zhiyu Wang, &Optical, luminescent and stability properties of rhodamine B doped TEOS-GPTMS gel glasses&, SPIE Proceedings, ) p.237-241(EI)
Xianping Fan, Huawen Yao, Zhiyu Wang, Minquan Wang, &Luminescence behavior of Eu(TTFA)3&doped B2O3-SiO2&film prepared by Sol-Gel process&, SPIE Proceedings, ) p.276-280(EI)
Guodong Qian, Zhiyu Wang and Minquan Wang, &Photophysical properties and microstructural probe of photoactive organics in hybrid organic-inorganic optical solids&, SPIE Proceedings, ) p.186-192(EI)
Mingwei Zhu, Minquan Wang, Guodong Qian, Zhiyu Wang, Xianping Fan, Zhanglian Hong and Guoping Ling, &Preparation of metallic-dielectric spheres used to fabricate photonic crystals with electroless plating method&, SPIE Proceedings, ) p.302-305(EI)
Zhiyu Wang, Guodong Qian, Xianping Fan, Zhanglian Hong and Minquan Wang, &A novel solid state dye laser gain medium with sandwich structure&, SPIE Proceedings, ) p.297-301(EI)
Guodong Qian, Yu Yang, Zhiyu Wang, Chunlei Yang , Z. Yang and Minquan Wang, &Photostability of perylene orange, perylene red and pyrromethene 567 laser dyes in various precursors derived gel glasses&, Chem. Phys. Lett., 368(5-6) (2003) p. 555-560.(SCI) JAN 24 20039(IF: 2.438)
3611<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GBp.7-9
Pb2+TiO2226<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GBp.27-30
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB16
Yu Yang, Minquan Wang, Guodong Qian, Zhiyu Wang and Xianping Fan, &Laser properties and photostabilities of laser dyes doped in ORMOSILs&, Optical Materials, 24(2004) p.621-628(SCI,EI) JAN 200483(IF:1.162)
Pengyue Zhang, Minquan Wang, Zhanglian Hong, Xianping Fan, Guodong Qian and Zhiyu Wang, &New yellow long lasting phosphor Y2O2S: Ti&, J. Rare Earths, 22 (1) ((SCI,EI) FEB 200432(IF: 0.249)
Xianping Fan, Zhiyu Wang and Minquan Wang, &In Situ Synthesis Kinetics of Salicylic Acid Terbium Complexes in Sol-Gel Derived Host Materials&, J. Sol-Gel Sci. & Tech., 30((SCI,EI) MAY 2004(IF: 1.219)
Deliang Su, Yu Yang, Guodong Qian, Zhiyu Wang and Minquan Wang, &Influence of energy transfer on fluorescence and lasing properties of various laser dyes co-doped in ORMOSILs&, Chem. Phys. Lett., 3972004397401(SCI) OCT 21 200421(IF: 2.438)
&&184<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GBp.1-4
La3+ZnO187<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GBp.87-89
Wang Yinhai, Wang Zhiyu, Zhang Pengyue, Hong Zhanglian, Qian Guodong and Fan Xianping, &Preparation of Eu2+ and Dy3+ co-activated CaAl2Si2O8 based phosphor and its optical properties&, Mater. Lett., 58(26)(11(SCI,EI) OCT 20044(IF: 1.299)
ZnOTb3+ZnO-B2O3-SiO2235<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GBp.3-6
Chen M, Wang HS, Qian GD, Wang ZY and Wang MQ, &Fabrication of SiO2 and SiO2-ZrO2 gel glasses by non-hydrolytic sol-gel process&, RARE METAL MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING 33(Suppl.3) (6, DEC 2004 (SCI)
陈苗，王怀善，钱国栋，王智宇，王民权SiO2SiO2-ZrO233(Suppl. 3) (6 (SCI) (IF: 0.400)
Chen HF, Wang ZY, Chen JJ, Fan XP, Qian GD, &Preparation and aging behaviour of nano SiO2 modified PEA coating by in-situ polymerization&, RARE METAL MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING 33(Suppl.3) (, DEC 2004 (SCI)
钱国栋SiO233(Suppl. 3) ( (SCI)35(IF: 0.400)
Ding GJ, Zhu MW, Qian GD, Wang ZY, Hong ZL, Wang MQ, &Fabrication of submicrosized monodisperse silica spheres using a continuing multi-step growth method&, RARE METAL MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING 33(Suppl.3) (, DEC 2004 (SCI)
钱国栋33(Suppl. 3) ( (SCI) (IF: 0.400)
Fan XP, Wang ZY, Wang MQ, &Dynamic study on in-situ synthesis of Eu(TTA)(3) in the SiO2 films prepared by sol-gel process&, RARE METAL MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING 33(Suppl.3) (, DEC 2004 (SCI)
SiO2Eu(TTA)333(Suppl. 3) ( (SCI) (IF: 0.400)
Hong ZL, Tang PS, Zhou SF, Fan XP, Wang ZY, Qian GD, Wang MQ, &Solvent effect on visible light irradiation photocatalysis performance of nanosize-TiO2 powder prepared by hydrothermal method using various organic solvent&, RARE METAL MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING 33(Suppl.3) (, DEC 2004 (SCI)
钱国栋TiO233(Suppl. 3) ( (SCI) (IF: 0.400)
Wang ZY, Tang PS, Jiang YL, Fan XP, Qian GD, Hong ZL, &Study on fluorescence and diffuse reflection spectrum of nanosized TiO2&, RARE METAL MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING 33(Suppl.3) (5, DEC 2004 (SCI)
钱国栋TiO233(Suppl. 3) (5 (SCI) (IF: 0.400)
Tang PS, Hong ZL, Zhou SF, Fan XP, Wang ZY, Qian GD, Wang MQ, &Synthesizing of nanosize TiO2 and its high photocatalysis performance under visible light irradiation&, RARE METAL MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING 33(Suppl.3) (0, DEC 2004 (SCI)
钱国栋TiO233(Suppl. 3) (0 (SCI) (IF: 0.400)
Su DL, Qian GD, Wang ZY, Hong ZL, Wang MQ, &The preparation of silica-based SiO2-ZrO2 films as waveguides by sol-gel process&, RARE METAL MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING 33(Suppl.3) (3, DEC 2004 (SCI)
钱国栋SiO2-ZrO233(Suppl. 3) (3 (SCI) (IF: 0.400)
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB15
Yan Liu, Guodong Qian, Zhiyu Wang and Minquan Wang, &Temperature- dependent luminescent properties of Eu-Tb complexes synthesized in situ in gel glass&, Appl. Phys. Lett., 86, 05)(SCI) (IF: 4.1272)
Yu Yang, Guodong Qian, Deliang Su, Zhiyu Wang and Minquan Wang, &Energy transfer mechanism between laser dyes doped in ORMOSILs&, Chem. Phys. Lett., 402(4-6) (4 (SCIEI) FEB 4 200511(IF: 2.438)
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB)((EI)
Mingwei Zhu, Guodong Qian, Zhanglian Hong, Zhiyu Wang, Xianping Fan, Minquan Wang, &Preparation and characterization of silica-silver core-shell structural submicrometer spheres&, J. Phys. & Chem. of Solids, 66( (SCIEI) MAY 2005(IF: 1.4103)
TiO2<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB)<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB4(EI)
SiO2S2&S0<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB)(SCIFEB 200511(IF: 0.557)
Wang F, Fan XP, Pi DB, Wang ZY, Wang MQ, &Hydrothermal synthesis and luminescence behavior of rare-earth-doped NaLa(WO4)(2) powders&, JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY 178 (3)(0SCIMAR 2005(IF: 1.725)
Huaishan Wang, Guodong Qian, Jiahua Zhang, Yongshi Luo, Zhiyu Wang, Minquan Wang, &Luminescent properties of neodymium organic complexes and as-doped organically modified silicate films&, Thin Solid Films, 479((SCI,EI) MAY 23 2005(IF: 1.5692)
Pengyue Zhang, Zhanglian Hong, Minquan Wang, Xianping Fang, Guodong Qian, Zhiyu Wang, &Luminescence characterization of a new long afterglow phosphor of single Ti-doped Y2O2S&, Journal of Luminescence, 113 ((SCI) MAY 23 2005(IF: 1.518)
Yu Yang, Guodong Qian, Deliang Su, Zhiyu Wang, Minquan Wang, &Luminescence and laser performances of coumarin dyes doped in ORMOSILs&, Materials Science and Engineering B, 119 (5(SCI, EI) MAY 23 2005 (IF: 1.281)
Huaishan Wang, Guodong Qian, Zhiyu Wang, Jiahua Zhang, Yongshi Luo, Minquan Wang, &1.53&m photoluminescence from ORMOSIL films doped with erbium complexes&, Journal of Luminescence, 113 (0(SCI) MAY 23 2005(IF: 1.518,1)
Wang Huaishan, Qian Guodong, Wang Zhiyu, Zhang Jiahua, Luo Yongshi, Wang Minquan, &Preparation and spectral properties of ORMOSIL films doped with neodymium organic complex&, Surface and Coatings Technology, 198(1-3)(8.(EI), Aug 1, 2005(IF: 1.646)
Wang YH, Wang ZY, Zhang PY, Zhang F, Fan XP, Qian GD, &Synthesis of long afterglow phosphor CaAl2Si2O8: Eu2+, Dy3+ via sol-gel technique and its optical properties&, J. Rare Earth 23(5):625-628 (SCI)OCT (IF: 0.249)
Wang HS, Qian GD, Wang ZY, Wang MQ, &Spectroscopic properties and Judd-Ofelt theory analysis of erbium chelates&, Spectrochimica Acta A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 62(1-3): 146-152 (SCI) Nov 2005(IF: 1.29,1)
Cui YJ, Qian GD, Gao JK, Chen LJ, Wang ZY, Wang MQ, &Preparation and nonlinear optical properties of inorganic-organic hybrid films with various substituents on chromophores&, JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 109 (49):
(SCI) DEC 15 2005 (IF: 4.033,1)
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB14
Yuanjing Cui, Guodong Qian, Lujian Chen, Zhiyu Wang, Junkuo Gao and Minquan Wang, &Enhanced Thermal Stability of Dipole Alignment in Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Films Containing Benzothiazole Chromophore&, J. Phys. Chem. B , , MAR 9 2006(SCI, EI) (IF: 4.033)
Zhu MW, Qian GD, Ding GJ, Wang ZY, Wang MQ, &Plasma resonance of silver nanoparticles deposited on the surface of submicron silica spheres&, MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 96 (2-3): 489-493 APR 10 2006SCI, EI(IF: 1.136)
2p746<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB3ISBN7-112-08095-9
Zhiyu Wang, Weiping Mao, Haifeng Chen, Fuan Zhang, Xianping Fan, Guodong Qian, &Copper(II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate sensitized nanocrystalline titania photocatalyst: Synthesis in situ and photocatalysis under visible light&, Catalysis Communications v7 n8, (2, (SCI, EI), August, 2006(IF: 2.098)
Zhong Q, Wang HS, Qian GD, Wang ZY, Zhang JH, Qiu JR, Wang MQ, &Novel stoichiometrically erbium-ytterbium cocrystalline complex exhibiting enhanced near-infrared luminescence&, INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 45(11)(-4543 MAY 29 2006(SCI, EI) (IF: 3.851)
TiO2<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB)<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2831<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB81
*Tb3+ZnO-B2O3-SiO2<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB)<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB825(EI)
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB)<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB3537<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB925
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB)<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB3537<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB1125
Guo Jiayu, Si Jinhai, Qian Guodong, Hua Bin, Wang Zhiyu, Qiu Jianrong, Wang Minquan, Hirao Kazuyuki, &Hybrid silica gel glasses with femtosecond optical kerr effect based on phthalocyanine&, Chemical Physics Letters, v 431, n 4-6, Nov 24, 2006, p 332-336 (SCI, EI) (IF: 2.438)
Chen Lujian, Qian Guodong, Cui Yuanjing, Jin Xuefeng, Wang Zhiyu, Wang Minquan, &Hybrid materials covalently incorporated with isophorone-based dyes through sol-gel process for nonlinear optical applications&, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, v 110, n 39, Oct 5, 2006, p
(SCI, EI) (IF: 4.033)
Zhu Mingwei, Qian Guodong, Wang Zhiyu, Wang Minquan, &Fabrication of nanoscaled silica layer on the surfaces of submicron SiO2-Ag core-shell spheres&, Materials Chemistry and Physics, v 100, n 2-3, Dec 10, 2006, p 333-336(SCI, EI) (IF: 1.136)
Ding Guanjun, Qian Guodong, Wang Zhiyu, Qiu Jianrong, Wang Minquan, &Fabrication and properties of multilayer-coated core-shell structural monodisperse spheres and close-packed structure&, Materials Letters, v 60, n 28, December, 2006, p (SCI, EI) (IF: 1.299)
Wang Zhiyu, Chen Haifeng, Tang Peisong, Mao Weiping, Zhang Fuan, Qian Guodong, Fan Xianping, &Hydrothermal in situ preparation of the copper phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate modified titanium dioxide photocatalyst&, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, v 289, n 1-3, Oct 15, 2006, p 207-211(SCI, EI) (IF: 1.611)
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB14
Wang Zhiyu, Wang Yinhai, Zhang Pengyue, Fan Xianping, Qian Guodong, &Tunable afterglow color in Eu2+ and Dy3+ co-activated alkaline earth feldspar solid solutions phosphors&, Journal of Luminescence, v 124, n 1, May, 2007, p 140-142 (EI) (IF: 1.518)
Wang Zhiyu, Zhao Bin, Zhang Fuan, Mao Weiping, Qian Guodong, Fan Xianping, &Novel single-crystal PbS nanowires directed by [200]&, Materials Letters, v 61, n 17, July, 2007, p (EI) (IF: 1.299)
Yang Y, Zou J, Rong H, Qian GD, Wang ZY, Wang MQ, &Influence of various coumarin dyes on the laser performance of laser dyes co-doped into ORMOSILs&, Applied Physics B-Lasers and Optics, 86 (2), JAN 2007, p 309-313 (SCI) (IF: 2.215)
3p904<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB3ISBN 978-7-112-09143-0
Rong Hua, Ye Chunfang, Yang Yu, Qian Guodong, Wang Zhiyu, Wang Minquan, &Influence of coumarin dyes on the laser performance of pyrromethene and perylene dyes co-doped into ORMOSILs&, Key Engineering Materials, v 336-338 I, 2007, p 574-576EI, SCI(IF: 0.278)
SiO2/Ag/SiO2351<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GBJanuary, 2007p.81-84 (EI)
Xue Ning, Fan Xianping, Wang Zhiyu, Wang Minquan, &Synthesis process and luminescence properties of Ln3+ doped NaY(WO4)2 nanoparticles&, Materials Letters, v 61, n 7, March, 2007, p
(EI, SCI) (IF: 1.299)
Liu Yan, Yang Yu, Qian Guodong, Wang Zhiyu, Wang Mingquan, &Energy transfer processes from Tb3+ to Eu3+ in ternary chelate doped in gel glasses via in situ technique&, Materials Science and Engineering B: Solid-State Materials for Advanced Technology, v 137, n 1-3, Feb 25, 2007, p 74-79 (EI,SCI) (IF: 1.281)
Chen Lujian, Qian Guodong, Jin Xuefeng, Cui Yuanjing, Gao Junkuo, Wang Zhiyu, Wang Minquan, &Inorganic-organic hybrid nonlinear optical films containing bulky alkoxysilane dyes&, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, v 111, n 12, MAR 29, 2007, p
(SCI, EI) (IF: 4.033)
Yu Yang, Guannan Lin, Juan Zou, Zhiyu Wang*, Minquan Wang, Guodong Qian, &Enhanced laser performances based on energy transfer in multi-dyes co-doped solid media&, Optics Communications, v277,n1, Sep 1, (2(SCI, EI, TOP) (IF: 1.581)
STiO2291<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GBp.238-242
STiO2291<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GBp.243-247
Zr-ORMOSILs291<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GBp.357-359
Shifeng Zhou, Huafang Dong, Heping Zeng, Botao Wu, Bin Zhu, Hucheng Yang, Shiqing Xu, Zhiyu Wang*（通讯作者）, Jianrong Qiu*, &Broadband near-infrared emission from transparent Ni2+-doped silicate glass-ceramics&,
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12 mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB1
Yuanjing Cui, Guodong Qian, Lujian Chen, Zhiyu Wang*, Minquan Wang, &Preparation of sol&gel films containing thiazole-based chromophore and their &nonlinear optical performances&, Thin Solid Films, xx (2007) xxx&xxx(SCI, EI, TOP) (IF: 1.647)
姓名：王智宇
单位：材料科学与工程学院
职称：教授
我的主页共被访问了37982 次Intercountry prevalences and practices of betel-quid use in south, southeast and eastern asia regions and associated oral preneoplastic disorders: An international collaborative study by asian betel-quid consortium of south and east Asia - Lee - 2011 - International Journal of Cancer - Wiley Online Library
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Health risks stemming from betel-quid (BQ) chewing are frequently overlooked by people. Updated epidemiological data on the increased BQ use among Asian populations using comparable data collection methods have not been widely available. To investigate the prevalence, patterns of practice and associated types of oral preneoplastic disorders, an intercountry Asian Betel-quid Consortium study (the ABC study) was conducted for Taiwan, Mainland China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Nepal and Sri Lanka. A random sample of 8,922 subjects was recruited, and the data were analyzed using survey-data modules adjusted for the complex survey design. Chewing rates among men (10.7&43.6%) were significantly higher than women (1.8&34.9%) in Taiwan, Mainland China, Nepal and Sri Lanka, while women's rates (29.5&46.8%) were higher than that for men (9.8&12.0%) in Malaysia and Indonesia. An emerging, higher proportion of new-users were identified for Hunan in Mainland China (11.1&24.7%), where Hunan chewers have the unique practice of using the dried husk of areca fruit rather than the solid nut universally used by others. Men in the Eastern and South Asian study communities were deemed likely to combine chewing with smoking and drinking (5.6&13.6%). Indonesian women who chewed BQ exhibited the highest prevalence of oral lichen planus, oral submucous fibrosis and oral leukoplakia (9.1&17.3%). Lower schooling, alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking were identified as being associated with BQ chewing. In conclusion, the ABC study reveals the significant cultural and demographic differences contributing to practice patterns of BQ usage and the great health risks that such practices pose in the Asian region.Betel-quid (BQ), a mixture of areca nut (AN) in combination with betel leaf and slaked lime, packed with flavoring ingredients like condiments and sweetening agents, is a chewing (masticatory) substance that is extensively used by diverse Asian populations. Although it is prepared with regional variations, AN is the most important component of BQ. There are an estimated 600 million BQ users in the world, predominantly on the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent, in countries in South and Southeast Asia, on islands around the Pacific Rim and in migrant populations in Africa, Europe and North America.While in many parts of the Indian subcontinent, habitual chewers often add tobacco to the BQ, in Taiwan and Papua New Guinea, for example, tobacco is never added. Due to long-standing cultural perspectives, its use has been viewed as publicly acceptable among all strata of society, including women and children.,
Epidemiological surveys have reported that in the past 2 to 3 decades, 20&40% of the population in India, Nepal and Pakistan have customarily used BQ. Although a decreased trend in the consumption of BQ has been observed in certain countries or regions, such as in Thailand, an alarmingly high chewing prevalence has been found among the Palauans of the West Pacific (a 72&80% use of BQ, with 80% found to be consumers of tobacco-added mixtures).,
To our knowledge, population data in regard to BQ usage stemming from comparable data collection tools have not been available.There is sufficient evidence that both tobacco-added (TA-BQ) and tobacco-free (TF-BQ) BQ are carcinogenic to humans. Furthermore, the mastication of AN is associated with the development and onset of several premalignant lesions in the oral cavity, such as oral submucous fibrosis, which have a high potential for malignant transformation.,
Evaluations performed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) have shown that BQ consumption is causally linked to cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx and esophagus and, with restricted evidence, to liver cancer. Recent epidemiological studies have shown that BQ use is associated with a 1.8&2.1-, 1.6&2.0-, 1.2&1.9-, 1.3- and 2.6-fold higher risk of suffering from obesity, metabolic syndromes, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease, a 2.4&3.7-fold risk of delivering low birth weight infants,
and a 3.6-fold risk of developing cirrhosis of the liver. It is increasingly clear that there are multidimensional health consequences to the use of BQ.In recent years, the marketing of industrially manufactured BQ products in Asia that contain a variety of areca mixtures with and without tobacco has made the use of this substance common and popular, especially to children and adolescents. Comprehensive data on the prevalence, usage patterns and conditions of associated oral neoplasia had previously been limited in numerous Asian populations. Such information is warranted&to recognize contemporary problems so as to better facilitate the strategic development of prevention and the control of AN-related health consequences in this region.In 2008, in conjunction with the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer in the United Kingdom, the Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine at Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU) in Taiwan initiated an international collaborative project&to mobilize outreach activities in disease prevention focusing on the health effects of BQ in Asian communities (the Asian Betel-quid Consortium study, termed ABC study). Six large study centers participated in this international research consortium (East Asia: Taiwan and Mainland C Southeast Asia: Malaysia and I South Asia: Nepal and Sri Lanka), where the goals were to update the characteristics of usage prevalence and the patterns of use with other substances within the Asian region as well as the potential identification of genetic susceptibilities to oral malignancies.&Our study represents phase I among a wide range of planned activities by this consortium. The specific aims herein were to outline the current prevalence of BQ use, the characteristics among the variations of practice, the lifestyle factors inherent in BQ usage and the types of associated oral preneoplastic disorders across the countries that were studied.Material and MethodsRecruitment in the phase I study by this consortium commenced in January 2009 and ended in February 2010. The same research protocol was applied among the countries in the study, with the purpose of offering a comparative framework. This proposal was approved independently by the Research and Ethical Review Committees at the KMU (Kaohsiung) in Taiwan, the Central South University (Changsha) in Mainland China, the University of Malaya (Kuala Lumpur) in Malaysia, the Airlangga University (Surabaya) in Indonesia, the Kathmandu University (Kavrepalanchwok) in Nepal and the University of Peradeniya (Peradeniya) in Sri Lanka. Written informed consent was obtained from all of the participants prior to the collection of data.Study populationThe study populations comprised of residents from southern T the Hunan Province of Mainland C the Selangor, Sabah and Sarawak States of M the North Sumatran, East Javan, Balese, West Nusa Tenggara, South Sulawesi and Papua Provinces of I as well as the Middle of Nepal and the Central Province of Sri Lanka, as shown in Figure .Figure&1. The geographic regions showing lifetime prevalence rate of betel-quid chewing by gender distribution in the Asian countries studied in the ABC study. The international mobilizing outreach activities in prevention of potentially malignant oral disorders. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available .]Using demographic data from census records and the household registry of individual participating countries, a multistage sampling approach was employed to select civilian, noninstitutionalized representative samples of the general population of the ages of 15 and older. In stage one, a number of cities and rural areas were independently selected to favorably make up and represent the geographic and economic status within each population to be studied. The resulting chosen regions were Kaohsiung and Pingtung of southern T Changsha, Liuyang, Changde, Yongzhou, LouDi and Xiangxi prefecture, Hunan of Mainland C Pulau Carey, Simpang Morib and Klang (Selangor), Kampung Sembirai and Kota Belud (Sabah), Kampung, Tebedu/Mongkos and Serian (Sarawak) of M Deli Serdang (North Sumatra), Pacitan and Banyuwangi (East Java), Jembrana (Bali), Mataram (West Nusa Tenggara), Tana Toraja (South Sulawesi) and Wamena (Papua) of I Kathmandu, Chitwan, Nawalparasi and Pokhara of middle Nepal and Gangawata Korale, Udunuwara, Yatinuwara of Sri Lanka.In the second stage, projected numbers for administrative districts or townships were randomly selected. In stage three, researchers listed households within each district/township, and a sample of households was randomly drawn. In the final stage, subjects were chosen to participate in our study from a list of people residing in the selected households. On average, 2.2&2.6 people were selected per household in Taiwan, Malaysia, Indonesia and Sri Lanka. Due to logistic concerns, only one participant was randomly selected from each household in the populations of Mainland China and Nepal. With this exception, a similar sampling scheme was implemented in all of the areas that were studied.Data collectionAfter the study samples were drawn, the research teams conducted door-to-door home visits to the participants' dwellings&to conduct the interviews. Each survey team consisted of a principle investigator (PI),&four to five&trained interviewers and data-recording clerks. The purposes and procedures involved in the study were explained to all of the participants. The resulting total of those surveyed who completed the interviews was: 1,548 subjects in Taiwan, 2,356 in Mainland China, 1,003 in Malaysia, 1,941 in Indonesia, 1,002 in Nepal and 1,072 in Sri Lanka. The response rates were 68% for Taiwan, 79% for Mainland China, 71% for Malaysia, 100% for Indonesia, 99% for Nepal and 99% for Sri Lanka, respectively.Data were collected by trained staff members who had recently successfully completed the necessary training program as a prerequisite to working in each study center under the supervision of the country's PI. A standardized questionnaire was developed which was adapted from WHO surveys and sources such as national prevalence surveys. The original questionnaires were written in English and translated into the appropriate language or dialect for each country. They were later retranslated into English&to verify their validity. The questions have been written in community-specific languages, and in the few situations where the participants were unable to understand the questions, study items were translated into local dialects by investigators with the assistance of local, native people. Pictograms were used to clarify constituents used to make the BQ. The interviewer-administered structured questionnaire gathered data on the socio-demographics and habits of lifetime BQ usage, alcohol intake and tobacco use (including tobacco smoking and smokeless tobacco use). In addition, information concerning the age at which subjects started using these substances, the daily consumption, duration of usage, as well as the types and frequency of substances consumed were collected. For the BQ users, further information was collected in regard to the materials added with AN. Chewers were also asked to report whether they had habitually swallowed fluids from such chewing. Moreover, in preparation for their work in the detection of oral lesions, the dentists or dental hygienists/medical officers received 1 month of standardized training in regard to performing oral cavity examination, and this was done under the supervision of the survey team's PI. The training programs included differential diagnosis for oral disorders where clinical pictures were used and pretest courses conducted in a clinical or field setting.Our&study defined BQ chewers as subjects who had consumed at least one quid per day of any type of betel/AN product for a minimum of 6 months. Alcohol drinkers and tobacco smokers were defined separately as individuals who had drunk any type of alcoholic beverage per week and/or had smoked/chewed one or more tobacco products per day for at least 6 months. Among them, current-users were those who had any of these habitual practices within the year pr past-users were defined as those who had stopped any of the habits for at least a year before the interviews took place.Statistical analysisThe study data was analyzed using survey-data modules implemented in Stata v11, a technique that adjusts for the complex survey design. All analyses, including means, percentages, standard errors, point estimates for prevalence and regression modeling were conducted on weighted data that took age and gender structure into account. For continuous and binary/multinomial outcomes, we respectively used multiple linear and logistic/polytomous regression models to assess across country differences in regard to the characteristics of BQ usage. A multivariate logistic regression model was employed to investigate the influence of age, gender, educational level, alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking on country-specific behaviors in BQ use. Because observed gender heterogeneity in the chewing prevalence was identified in most countries, the results were evaluated according to gender.ResultsThe demographic characteristics with respect to gender, age, educational level and the status of the respective drinking and smoking are presented in Table . Significant differences in these factors were detected across the areas of study (all p& 0.05). The prevalence of tobacco smoking was found to be higher than that of alcohol drinking in every sampled country, with the highest rates occurring in Nepal for both smoking (55.2%) and drinking (29.9%).Table&1.&Characteristics for the study participants, the ABC studyTable& compares the prevalence and BQ usage among the communities that were studied according to gender. Remarkable country-dependent differences in lifetime prevalence were observed for both genders (p for difference &0.005). As shown in Figure , the lifetime chewing rates for men (15.6&43.6%) were significantly higher than that for women (2.3&34.9%) in areas that were sampled in Taiwan, Mainland China, Nepal and Sri Lanka, while conversely the prevalence for women (32.1&47.8%) were notably higher than men (10.3&12.4%) in the Malaysian and Indonesian regions of investigation. In regard to the BQ ever-users, a high percentage of quitters (15.3&31.1%), with a &14 years of abstinence level was found among the Taiwanese. All of the BQ users in Nepal were current-chewers, and no quitters were identified. The Hunan (Mainland Chinese) BQ users had a shorter duration of usage (8.8&9.7 years), but a higher proportion of new consumers (usage of &2 years) among current-chewers (11.1&24.7%). A reported &49% chewing rate occurred in older Malaysian and Indonesian women (&40 years). In contrast, a higher prevalence of chewing (32.0%) was seen among younger Hunan men in Mainland China (&41 years).Table&2.&Prevalence and characteristics of betel-quid chewing, stratified by gender, the ABC studySignificant differences in the ingredients of BQ were found in the investigated communities in&our study.&To assess the possible carcinogenetic impact of BQ consumption, we categorized the BQ preparation according to the addition of tobacco or its being tobacco-free. Table& shows that 100% of Nepalese chewers added tobacco to their BQ, and that, in Taiwan and the Hunan of Mainland China, tobacco is never added as an ingredient to BQ. An overwhelming majority of chewers in Taiwan consumed AN with a piece of betel leaf (84.4&93.3%), and all of the chewers in Hunan consumed the dried husk of the areca fruit (not the solid AN) marinated with flavored additives, such as lime, sweeteners, cassia oil and bittern. The highest daily quantity of BQ use by both men and women was found in Taiwan (16.2&19.5 quid). In addition, TA-BQ users chewed BQ more frequently (5.7&6.9 days per week) as compared&to TF-BQ users, the latter of which reporting their chewing frequency at 4.3&5.9 days per week. AN chewers in Taiwan, Malaysia, Indonesia and Sri Lanka were found to be inclined to spit out th this is in stark contrast to those from Mainland China and Nepal, who swallowed it. Furthermore, in Eastern and South Asian study communities, male BQ users were found to have the highest prevalence for chewing that was combined with smoking and drinking (5.6&13.6%). With the exception of Nepal, only a handful of female chewers were found to concomitantly use cigarettes and alcohol. Among Malaysian and Indonesian women, a high proportion of substance users were observed to be exclusively BQ users (a prevalence of 27.8&45.7%).Table&3.&Types of& betel-quid (BQ) chewed and habits practiced among current-chewers, stratified by gender, the ABC studyThe prevalence of oral mucosal lesions associated with BQ chewing is presented in Table . Indonesian women had the highest prevalences of oral lichen planus (OLP), oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and oral leukoplakia (OL) (9.6&17.3%). Compared to nonchewers, Taiwanese male chewers had a remarkably higher likelihood of suffering from these oral preneoplastic disorders [an adjusted odds ratio of (aOR) = 13.5&137.4]. OSF appeared to be the most common oral premalignancy in Hunan, as indicated by the 3.5&6.6% among BQ users there.Table&4.&Prevalence rate (PR) and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of oral lichen planus (OLP), oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and oral leukoplakia (OL) associated with betel-quid (BQ) chewing, stratified by gender, the ABC studyThe association between the practice of BQ chewing with educational levels and the habits of drinking and smoking are given in Figure . Compared to those who had only finished primary school (&7 years of schooling), subjects who had achieved a tertiary level of education (&12 years of education) were found to have a 0.3-fold less likelihood of being a chewer among men in Taiwan. Women with 7 to 12 years of schooling also had a reduced chance of becoming a chewer in Malaysia and Sri Lanka (aOR = 0.2&0.3, p& 0.05). With the exception of Indonesia, alcohol drinkers almost always had a higher tendency of being chewers, with a 2.1&8.9-fold increased risk observed in men, and a 5.2&21.2-fold elevated risk in women in Malaysia and Nepal. In Taiwan and Hunan, male smokers had an elevated propensity of becoming a BQ chewer. However, smokers in Malaysia and Indonesia were found to have a less likelihood of being a chewer (aOR = 0.1&0.4 in men, 0.2&0.4 in women).Figure&2. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) showing the impact of education (schooling year), alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking upon the practice of BQ chewing, the ABC study. Note: aOR was adjusted for age and covariates in this figure. NA: nonappreciable, due to null BQ chewers in the group &12 years of schooling. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available .]DiscussionOur&study offers the most up-to-date and comprehensive information on the prevalence, practice patterns and related factors in regard to BQ usage for six Asian populations. The findings further reveal the most affected populations and types of potentially malignant oral disorders among the studied regions where BQ use is widely practiced.In this investigation, a remarkable discrepancy in gender prevalence for BQ use was recognized in the countries studied. Malaysian and Indonesian women had a particularly high chewing rate (29.5&46.8%), with female chewers in these two countries having reported an average history of &23 years of BQ usage, and such women tending to have a lower educational level (Fig.& ). Further, women aged &40 years in Malaysia and &30 years in Indonesia showed a 35.9&95.9% high&BQ chewing rate. As noted and released by the IRAC, the length of BQ usage time is an important predictor in the development of oral precancerous and neoplastic lesions. Moreover, the health risk stemming from BQ chewing was generally less awareness among those women with a lesser educational level. Consequently, Malaysian and Indonesian women from the study regions appear to be a high-risk group who require an increased amount of concern and educational assistance in regard to BQ-related health and disease prevention.Although the raw areca used in Hunan is imported from Hainan in Mainland China, as well as from Thailand, the vast majority of BQ products in China, including commercial forms, are manufactured there. The Xiangtan city in Hunan province, where BQ chewing was reported to be very common (prevalence, 64.5&82.7%), is also where most BQ production factories and workshops are located. In&our study, we found that men (11.1%) and women (24.7%) from Hunan have a high percentage of BQ new-users. In contrast to other regions, the prevalence of BQ chewing in Hunan men was higher in the younger age groups, suggesting that Hunan is an emerging region of BQ practice. The improving economy and easy access to BQ products there, along with some recently begun BQ advertising campaigns in Hunan, could be the factors for widespread use of this substance, particularly among young people.There is great diversity in how people chew BQ due to quite a bit of habitual variation, the majority of such practices being associated with higher risks for tumor development. In 1985, TA-BQ has been deemed by the IARC to be carcinogenic to humans. Moreover, AN-derived carcinogenic nitrosamines have been unequivocally identified in the saliva of TF-BQ chewers. Currently, there is sufficient evidence that TF-BQ causes oral and esophageal cancers.,
Recent epidemiological evidence has revealed that the use of TF-BQ with betel inflorescent (containing safrole, a Group 2B carcinogen) conferred a higher carcinoma risk in the oral cavity, pharynx and esophagus than any other accompanying ingredients. BQ chewers who also have the habits of alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking were found to have a synergistic risk of contracting the three aforementioned cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract (OR = 8.1&41.2). For users who habitually swallowed the juice from BQ chewing, a greater cancer risk was also observed., The Nepalese subjects who resided in the investigative regions displayed a 34.9&43.6% high rate of BQ chewing, and all were observed to have consumed TA-BQ. The daily amount of TA-BQ used by both genders was found to be the most (nine quids) in our study, and the overwhelming majority of chewers (94.4&95.0%) typically swallowed the BQ juice. Further, 12.6&13.6% of these people practiced chewing, drinking and smoking concomitantly. This is consistent with the age-standardized incidence of oral cancer in Nepal, which is ranked at a relatively high level according to GLOBOCAN 2002 report (12.8 and 8.4 per 100,000 men and women, respectively). Hence, BQ-associated health problems should be carefully observed and counteracted in regard to the Nepalese population.In Taiwan, the most important campaign to prevent BQ usage was initiated in 1998 where the government named December 3 as &Betel Quid Prevention Day& due to the finding that BQ chewers who concomitantly have the habits of alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking experienced a 123-fold increased oral cancer risk. Although a reduced quantity of AN consumption has been observed in Taiwan, health promotion campaigns have been continued. The high rate of BQ quitting that was noticed in our Taiwanese male samples (31.1%) is probably a result of such activities.Compared to the results found in a population survey of the greater Kaohsiung area that was conducted in 1994, the consumption of TF-BQ with betel inflorescence among chewers in Taiwan has substantially declined (from 51% in 1994 to 0&8% in&our study). This indicates that people in Taiwan have noticed and considered the warnings about the higher cancer risks detected as a result of the intake of safrole-contained betel inflorescence. On the other hand, the usage pattern for BQ chewers in Hunan differs greatly from that of other regions where BQ chewing is prevalent. All of the Hunan users chewed the dried husk of areca fruit, and the majority (77.2&78.7%) of such users habitually swallowed the chewing quid juice as well. While current data has been limited in regard to the appraisal of the carcinogenetic consequences of consuming the dried areca husk, a significant relationship between the consumption of this substance and OSF development was identified in&our study for the male group from Hunan.The IARC working group in 2004 reported that the prevalence of OLP, OSF and OL among BQ chewers in selected Asian populations was 0&3.7%, 0&3.0% and 0&40.1%, respectively. The annual rate of malignant transformation was estimated to be &0.1%, 0.5% and 1% for the corresponding oral disorders.&Our study revealed that male Taiwanese TF-BQ chewers had a notably greater prevalence of exhibiting these potentially malignant oral disorders than nonchewers. In Hunan, an appreciably elevated OSF prevalence was detected in male chewers, despite the fact that they consumed tobacco-free areca husk. Approximately 6&17% of Indonesian BQ chewers suffered the above oral disorders, and a 7&213-fold risk was found for female chewers. The high prevalence of oral preneoplastic lesions and conditions in Indonesia reflect the current disease loadings and oral public health problems. With no reliable marker to predict malignant transformation as yet, these data strengthen the great importance of disease prevention in Indonesia.In line with several studies,,
subjects with higher schooling in Taiwan, Malaysia, Indonesia and Sri Lanka were found to be correlated with a lesser likelihood to be BQ chewers. These results suggest that BQ-related health education programs should target less educated people in these study communities. In contrast, Hunan subjects with higher educational levels had a greater likelihood to use BQ (OR = 1.3&1.5, though nonsignificant), regardless of gender. As previously noted, the usage of this substance is more readily available in Hunan. This implies that the significance of extensive health education in this region is particularly important.Large-scale epidemiological studies conducted in Taiwan have shown that drinking and smoking are significantly associated with an earlier onset age for the chewing of BQ. Findings from a nationwide investigation further indicated that chewing practices are appreciably reduced among smokers who successfully quit smoking. In this ABC study, alcohol drinking was the most important habit concomitant with BQ use. Male drinkers had a 2.1&8.9-fold likelihood of being a chewer in most countries, and female drinkers had a 5.2&21.2-fold probability of being a BQ user in Malaysia and Nepal. Interestingly, in the two Chinese populations, where chewers have been mostly men, male smokers showed a greater propensity to practice BQ chewing (aOR = 3.6&4.3).&As the habit of chewing is in sync with that of drinking and/or smoking, preventive policies should focus on BQ chewing and its link to individual alcohol and tobacco habits.In summary, we have outlined the significant country and gender differences contributing to BQ use and the great health risks that such practices pose in the Asian region. This international collaborative effort reveals the important BQ chewing-related demographic factors and regional-dependent factors, such as the emerging number of users in Hunan, and the overwhelming number of female chewers in Malaysia and Indonesia. It has also shed light on the importance of the inclusion of diverse ingredients like tobacco and nontobacco-based BQ and on the types of oral premalignant conditions associated with BQ chewing. We believe that the ABC study will greatly help to unify the awareness of the dangers of such diverse BQ practices. We also believe that it can provide an important framework to the development of more effective public health programs to help combat such serious practicesAcknowledgementsWe would like to thank Jennifer Ko, the staff of the CEEM, for her great assistance in helping to organize the various centers' principal investigators. We would also like to express our appreciation to the study staff members, including Sanjeevani Jayshankar, Dipak Sapkota, Norain Abu Talib, Helen Ng Lee Ching, Tah Geok Mooi, Zaiton Tahir, Nurshaline Pauline Hj Kipli, Tian-You Ling, Ekamaya, Aris Istianah, SKM, Lutviana, Sriana Herman, Nuril, Taufig, Herman and Arifin, for their diligent work and excellent endeavors in this international cooperative study.
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