From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dà-Jiāng Innovations Science and Technology Co., Ltd (: 大疆创新科技有限公司;
DJI) is a Chinese
headquartered in , . It manufactures
(UAV), also known as drones, for
and , , flight platforms, , , , and .
According to an article in
in 2015, DJI is the leading company in the civilian-drone industry.
The company was founded in 2006 by
(Wāng Tāo, 汪滔).
DJI manufactures a range of products including , flying platforms, flight controllers for multi-rotors, helicopters accessories, aerial and handheld gimbals and ground stations. These products are intended for amateur as well as professional use. DJI product is sold directly on DJI's website as well as through Authorized DJI Dealers around the world.
DJI develops flight controllers intended for multi-rotor stabilization control of various platforms or heavy payloads in aerial photography. The A2 controller includes orientation, landing, and home return features. Products include GPS-Compass receivers,
indicators and
connectivity.
Naza-M Lite
Number of Motors Compatible
Has Built in Receiver
Yes (2.4 GHz)
Hovering Accuracy (m)
Vertical: ± 0.5m / Horizontal: ± 1.5m
Vertical:±0.8m / Horizontal:±2.5m
Vertical: ± 0.5m / Horizontal: ± 2m
Vertical:±0.8m / Horizontal:±2.5m
Motor/ Rotor Configuration
Quad-Rotor: +4,X4; Hex-Rotor: +6,X6,Y6,Rev Y6; Octo-Rotor: +8,X8,V8
Quad-rotor: I4, X4; Hex-rotor: I6, X6, IY6, Y6; Octo-rotor: I8，V8，X8
Quad-Rotor: +4,X4; Hex-Rotor: +6,X6,Y6,Rev Y6; Octo-Rotor: +8,X8,V8
Quad-rotor I4, X4; Hex-rotor I6, X6, IY6, Y6
DJI Inspire (悟) 1 at
2015 Barcelona
The Ronin (如影) is a standalone ground-based
developed for cinematography and aerial filmmaking in professional environments. It is built for professional videography and photography and targets the film industry. By using three individual motors, Ronin stabilizes when moving vigorously.
DJI offers several add-on modules for their base products such as power management and video modules.
Lightbridge
PMU (A2, Wookong, Naza V2, Naza Lite)
iOSD MARK II
Type (Purpose)
Video Downlink
Power Management
On-Screen Display
On-Screen Display
Bluetooth Link
Works With
A2, Wookong-M, Naza V2
A2, Wookong-M, Naza V2, Naza-M Lite
A2, Wookong-M, Naza V2
A2, Wookong-M, Naza V2
CAN Bus, Battery Connection
Battery Requirements
4S-6S Lipo
4S-12S Lipo
4S Lipo and Shared Flight Controller Power
2S Lipo and Shared Flight Controller Power
Shared Flight Controller Power
The Flame Wheel series (Feng-Huo-Lun or Fēnghuǒlún, 风火轮) are
platforms for aerial photography. As of 2016, there is the
F330 and F450. The most recent is the ARF KIT.
Flame Wheel F330
Flame Wheel F450
Flame Wheel F550
Diagonal wheelbase (cm)
Frame weight (g)
Take-off weight (g)
600 – 1200
800 – 1600
1200 – 2400
Main article:
A DJI Phantom 2 Vision+ V3.0
(精灵) series are DJI's consumer flagship . They are currently the most popular product, and since launch, have evolved to integrated flight programming with a camera,
or Lightbridge connectivity, and the pilot’s . Phantoms are made for aerial cinematography and photography applications, but are also used in recreational use. The Phantom 2 Vision+ features a camera and gimbal system manufactured by DJI, capable of taking 14MP stills and recording 1080p. In comparison, the Phantom 3 Advanced, Professional, and 4K, can record
video and take 12MP stills. In March 2016, DJI released the next generation Phantom 4 quadcopter.
Phantom 2 Vision
Phantom 2 Vision+
Phantom FC40
Phantom 3 Standard
Phantom 3 4K
Phantom 3 Advanced
Phantom 3 Professional
Diagonal wheelbase (mm)
Height (m)
Power consumption (W)
Take-off weight (g)
Max speed (m/s)
Endurance (min)
Rate of climb/descend (m/s)
Operating temperature (°C)
- 10 to 50
- 10 to 50
- 10 to 50
Maximum altitude (m)
Main article:
(御) Pro is a compact UAV that DJI introduced September 27, 2016. It competes with the
Karma. It features multiple redundant sensors to help prevent crashes and a foldable design that allows the drone to be transported more easily than previous models. The Mavic was expected to ship October 15, 2016. Currently, shipping for the Mavic has been delayed significantly with orders placed before November 3, 2016 slated to arrive sometime in the last two weeks of December.
Maximum Speed (mph)
Empty weight (kg)
0.734(without camera cover)/0.743(with camera cover)
Take-off weight (kg)
Endurance (min)
Operating temperature (°C)
Range (miles)
DJI Spreading Wings S800 hexacopter
The Spreading Wings (Jin-Dou-Yun or Jīndǒuyún, 筋斗云) series are mainly industrial UAVs for professional aerial photography, high definition 3D mapping, ultra light search and rescue, and surveillance etc. based on camera gear on board. In 2013, two models have been released: S800 regular and EVO.
Spreading Wings S800
Spreading Wings S800 EVO
Spreading Wings S900
Spreading Wings S1000
Diagonal wheelbase (cm)
Empty weight (kg)
Take-off weight (kg)
4.7 – 8.2
Endurance (min)
Operating temperature (°C)
- 10 to 40
- 10 to 40
The Inspire series is a professional aimed series of camera quadcopters similar to the Phantom line but includes more high-end and professional features including an aluminum-magnesium body with carbon fiber arms, and detachable props on the Inspire 2. Presented in 2017, the Inspire 2 has a 5.2K camera that is capable of capturing up to 60 .
The unmanned helicopter is a small UAV co-developed with the
(HKUST). It is intended for high-elevation missions and can operate up to a wind scale of 6. The general designer is Lǐ Zé-Xiāng (李泽湘), and the chief designer for software is Zhū Xiǎo-Ruǐ (朱晓蕊) from HIT.
Example aerial video of
taken by a DJI Phantom 2 Vision+ quadcopter
Main article:
The Osmo (灵眸) is a
developed by DJI. The camera uses a
to view camera footage, and can record 4K and take either 12-16MP stills. The camera is interchangeable, with the Zenmuse X3, X5, and X5R gimbals compatible, and uses the FM-15 Flexi microphone.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to .
. Dec 13, .
. . January 7, .
. The Economist. 11 April .
Colum Murphy and Olivia Geng (November 10, 2014). .
Farhad Manjoo (December 31, 2014). .
Helen Regan. .
Tom Duening. . Flying Cameras 2015.
. Quadcopter 4K 2015.
. DJI Technology 2015.
Jack Nicas (November 12, 2014). .
(WSJ) 2015.
. DJI Technology 2015.
. Helipal 2015.
. OXM HOFFMAN 360 2015.
. DJI Technology 2015.
. DJI Technology 2015.
. Flying Cameras 2015.
Personal Tech (September 10, 2014). .
. What Are The Best Drones?.
Chase Sutton. . DroneLifestyle 2015.
. Drones Den. June 15, .
. DJI Technology 2015.
. Mr. Robot 2017.
: Hidden categories:curl网站开发指南 - 阮一峰的网络日志
curl网站开发指南
我一向以为，只是一个编程用的函数库。
最近才发现，这个命令本身，就是一个无比有用的网站开发工具，请看我整理的它的用法。
===================================
curl网站开发指南
阮一峰 整理
是一种命令行工具，作用是发出网络请求，然后得到和提取数据，显示在"标准输出"（stdout）上面。
它支持多种协议，下面举例讲解如何将它用于网站开发。
一、查看网页源码
直接在curl命令后加上网址，就可以看到网页源码。我们以网址为例（选择该网址，主要因为它的网页代码较短）：
　　$ curl
　　&!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"&
　　&html&&head&
　　&title&301 Moved Permanently&/title&
　　&/head&&body&
　　&h1&Moved Permanently&/h1&
　　&p&The document has moved &a href=".cn/"&here&/a&.&/p&
　　&/body&&/html&
如果要把这个网页保存下来，可以使用`-o`参数，这就相当于使用wget命令了。
　　$ curl -o [文件名]
二、自动跳转
有的网址是自动跳转的。使用`-L`参数，curl就会跳转到新的网址。
　　$ curl -L
键入上面的命令，结果就自动跳转为.cn。
三、显示头信息
`-i`参数可以显示http response的头信息，连同网页代码一起。
　　$ curl -i
　　HTTP/1.0 301 Moved Permanently
　　Date: Sat, 03 Sep :10 GMT
　　Server: Apache/2.0.54 (Unix)
　　Location: .cn/
　　Cache-Control: max-age=3600
　　Expires: Sun, 04 Sep :10 GMT
　　Vary: Accept-Encoding
　　Content-Length: 231
　　Content-Type: text/ charset=iso-8859-1
　　Age: 3239
　　X-Cache: HIT from sh201-.cn
　　Connection: close
　　&!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"&
　　&html&&head&
　　&title&301 Moved Permanently&/title&
　　&/head&&body&
　　&h1&Moved Permanently&/h1&
　　&p&The document has moved &a href=".cn/"&here&/a&.&/p&
　　&/body&&/html&
`-I`参数则是只显示http response的头信息。
四、显示通信过程
`-v`参数可以显示一次http通信的整个过程，包括端口连接和http request头信息。
　　$ curl -v
　　* About to connect() to
port 80 (#0)
Trying 61.172.201.195... connected
　　* Connected to
(61.172.201.195) port 80 (#0)
　　& GET / HTTP/1.1
　　& User-Agent: curl/7.21.3 (i686-pc-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.21.3 OpenSSL/0.9.8o zlib/1.2.3.4 libidn/1.18
　　& Host:
　　& Accept: */*
　　* HTTP 1.0, assume close after body
　　& HTTP/1.0 301 Moved Permanently
　　& Date: Sun, 04 Sep :39 GMT
　　& Server: Apache/2.0.54 (Unix)
　　& Location: .cn/
　　& Cache-Control: max-age=3600
　　& Expires: Sun, 04 Sep :39 GMT
　　& Vary: Accept-Encoding
　　& Content-Length: 231
　　& Content-Type: text/ charset=iso-8859-1
　　& X-Cache: MISS from sh201-.cn
　　& Connection: close
　　&!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"&
　　&html&&head&
　　&title&301 Moved Permanently&/title&
　　&/head&&body&
　　&h1&Moved Permanently&/h1&
　　&p&The document has moved &a href=".cn/"&here&/a&.&/p&
　　&/body&&/html&
　　* Closing connection #0
如果你觉得上面的信息还不够，那么下面的命令可以查看更详细的通信过程。
　　$ curl --trace output.txt
　　$ curl --trace-ascii output.txt
运行后，请打开output.txt文件查看。
五、发送表单信息
发送表单信息有GET和POST两种方法。GET方法相对简单，只要把数据附在网址后面就行。
　　$ /form.cgi?data=xxx
POST方法必须把数据和网址分开，curl就要用到--data参数。
　　$ curl -X POST --data "data=xxx" /form.cgi
如果你的数据没有经过表单编码，还可以让curl为你编码，参数是`--data-urlencode`。
　　$ curl -X POST--data-urlencode "date=April 1" /form.cgi
六、HTTP动词
curl默认的HTTP动词是GET，使用`-X`参数可以支持其他动词。
　　$ curl -X POST
　　$ curl -X DELETE
七、文件上传
假定文件上传的表单是下面这样：
　　&form method="POST" enctype='multipart/form-data' action="upload.cgi"&
　　　　&input type=file name=upload&
　　　　&input type=submit name=press value="OK"&
　　&/form&
你可以用curl这样上传文件：
　　$ curl --form upload=@localfilename --form press=OK [URL]
八、Referer字段
有时你需要在http request头信息中，提供一个referer字段，表示你是从哪里跳转过来的。
　　$ curl --referer
九、User Agent字段
这个字段是用来表示客户端的设备信息。服务器有时会根据这个字段，针对不同设备，返回不同格式的网页，比如手机版和桌面版。
iPhone4的User Agent是
　　Mozilla/5.0 (iP U; CPU iPhone OS 4_0 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/532.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0.5 Mobile/8A293 Safari/
curl可以这样模拟：
　　$ curl --user-agent "[User Agent]" [URL]
十、cookie
使用`--cookie`参数，可以让curl发送cookie。
　　$ curl --cookie "name=xxx"
至于具体的cookie的值，可以从http response头信息的`Set-Cookie`字段中得到。
`-c cookie-file`可以保存服务器返回的cookie到文件，`-b cookie-file`可以使用这个文件作为cookie信息，进行后续的请求。
　　$ curl -c cookies
　　$ curl -b cookies
十一、增加头信息
有时需要在http request之中，自行增加一个头信息。`--header`参数就可以起到这个作用。
　　$ curl --header "Content-Type:application/json"
十二、HTTP认证
有些网域需要HTTP认证，这时curl需要用到`--user`参数。
　　$ curl --user name:
【参考资料】
很多人说，不知道怎么写文档，都是凭着感觉写。
跨域脚本攻击 XSS 是最常见、危害最大的网页安全漏洞。
上一篇文章，我摘录了《程序员的呐喊》。这本书有趣的内容太多，今天再摘录一段。
最近，我在阅读 Steve Yegg 的文集《程序员的呐喊》。make-use-of-logo
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stumbleupon
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When Windows 7 launched, one of Microsoft’s selling points was that it was designed to help your battery last longer. One of the main features users will actually notice is that the screen dims before it turns off. There are many more small changes that allow you to save power, but as with everything in life, you get what you put in and it helps to have a manual.
In this article I will explain how to set up a custom power plan, how to access advanced features, and what they do. I will look at various power off or sleep modes in particular.
Customize Power Plan
To access your Windows 7 power management plan, go to & Start and type & power options in the search field. Under & Control Panel pick the top result, i.e. & Power Options.
Windows 7 offers three standard power plans: Balanced, Power saver, and High performance.
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You can also create a custom power plan by clicking the respective link in the left-hand sidebar.
To customize the individual setup of a power plan, click & Change plan settings next to its name.
In the window that follows, you can change several basic settings. If you’re using Windows 7 on a laptop, you will be offered different options for running the computer on battery or plugged in. The screenshot below shows the default settings, which can be restored by clicking the respective link in the bottom left.
To make the most of your battery charge, keep the respective settings on the low side. The default settings are pretty good and on top of that I would recommend to reduce the screen brightness.
Access Advanced Power Options
For several more options, click the & Change advanced power settings link in the bottom left. In the new window that opens also click & Change settings that are currently unavailable to access the full range of advanced settings.
This is where customizing gets fun! You’re presented with a host of options, some of which can completely change the behavior of your computer. Let’s look into them in more detail.
Balanced: Here you can set whether a password is required after wakeup when on battery or plugged in.
Hard disk: Decide when to turn off the hard disk in battery or plugged in mode.
Desktop background settings: Set the slide show to be available or paused.
Wireless Adapter Settings: Choose between different power saving modes: Maximum Performance, Lower Power Saving, Medium Power Saving, or Maximum Power Saving.
Sleep: Make your computer go to sleep after a set time, allow hybrid sleep, make it hibernate after a set time, and allow wake timers. More details on these options below.
USB settings: Enable or disable USB selective suspend setting. See
for details.
Power buttons and lid: Allows you to set custom lid close action, power button action, and sleep button action.
PCI Express: Set the Link State Power Management to off, moderate or maximum power savings.
Processor power management: Adjust the minimum or maximum processor state and system cooling policy. This option depends on your CPU and allows you to underclock your CPU.
Display: This includes the basic display settings and on top of that you can set the dimmed display brightness.
Multimedia settings: Adjust multimedia settings for sharing media or playing videos.
Battery: Here you can set levels for low, critical, and reserve battery, as well as set a low battery notification, and choose actions for low and critical battery levels.
In addition, you may see other system specific options, which I have not mentioned above. For example graphics cards (ATI, NVidia) usually offer custom power settings. Some of the settings are clear and simple. Others may require some more explaining.
Sleep Modes Explained
In the actual Sleep mode, the computer doesn’t turn off completely and still uses a lot of energy to power the RAM. Monitor and hard disk are turned off, but as soon as you touch the mouse, the computer wakes up.
Hibernate means that the computer essentially turns off, but first the RAM is saved on the hard drive. When you reboot the computer, the RAM is loaded from the hard drive, so that you can continue where you left. This procedure can take a minute or two.
Hybrid Sleep is a mix of sleep and hibernate. The computer will go into sleep mode, but it will also save the RAM to the hard disk. If the battery runs out or power fails while during hybrid sleep, the computer will reboot as if it had been in hibernate.
Wake Timers allow the computer to be woken from sleep or hibernate, for example in response to a scheduled task (set respective trigger condition). This can be used to run backups and other remote tasks during the night.
Additional Reading
Besides getting some more computing time out of a single battery charge, picking the right power settings can also save you money, as Matt shows in his article
Computers, like all electronics, consume a fair amount of electricity. And while the efficiency of the modern computer hardware has improved relative to older parts, there’s still a lot of energy wasted. Finding ways to...
Several more Windows 7 power management energy saving tips can be found in the following articles:
Are you worried about your power settings? What has worked best for you?
Image Credits:
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