queue&T, Sequence&
queue&T, Sequence&
Categories: containers, adaptors
Component type: type
Description
A queue is an adaptor that provides a restricted subset of
functionality
A queue is a &first in first out& (FIFO) data structure.
elements are added to the back of the queue and may be removed
Q.front() is the element that was added to the queue least recently.
Queue does not allow iteration through its elements.
Queue is a container adaptor, meaning that it is implemented on
top of some underlying container type.
By default that underlying
type is , but a different type may be selected explicitly.
int main() {
queue&int& Q;
Q.push(8);
Q.push(7);
Q.push(6);
Q.push(2);
assert(Q.size() == 4);
assert(Q.back() == 2);
assert(Q.front() == 8);
assert(Q.front() == 7);
assert(Q.front() == 6);
assert(Q.front() == 2);
assert(Q.empty());
Definition
Defined in the standard header , and in the nonstandard
backward-compatibility header .
Template parameters
Description
The type of object stored in the queue.
The type of the underlying container used to implement the queue.
Type requirements
T is a model of .
Sequence is a model of .
Sequence is a model of .
Sequence::value_type is the same type as T.
If operator== is used, then T is a model of
If operator& is used, then T is a model of .
Public base classes
Where defined
Description
value_type
See below.
See below.
The default constructor.
Creates an empty queue.
queue(const queue&)
The copy constructor.
queue& operator=(const queue&)
The assignment operator.
bool empty() const
See below.
size_type size() const
See below.
value_type& front()
See below.
const value_type& front() const
See below.
value_type& back()
See below.
const value_type& back() const
See below.
void push(const value_type&)
See below.
void pop()
See below.
bool operator==(const queue&, const queue&)
See below.
bool operator&(const queue&, const queue&)
See below.
New members
These members are not defined in the
requirements, but are specific to
Description
value_type
The type of object stored in the queue.
This is the same as
T and Sequence::value_type.
An unsigned integral type.
This is the same as Sequence::size_type.
bool empty() const
Returns true if the queue contains no elements, and false
otherwise.
Q.empty() is equivalent to Q.size() == 0.
size_type size() const
Returns the number of elements contained in the queue.
value_type& front()
Returns a mutable reference to the element at the front of the
queue, that is, the element least recently inserted.
Precondition: empty() is false.
const value_type& front() const
Returns a const reference to the element at the front of the
queue, that is, the element least recently inserted.
Precondition: empty() is false.
value_type& back()
Returns a mutable reference to the element at the back of the
queue, that is, the element most recently inserted.
Precondition: empty() is false.
const value_type& back() const
Returns a const reference to the element at the back of the
queue, that is, the element most recently inserted.
Precondition: empty() is false.
void push(const value_type& x)
Inserts x at the back of the queue.
Postconditions: size() will
be incremented by 1, and back() will be equal to x.
void pop()
Removes the element at the front of the queue.
Precondition:
empty() is false.
Postcondition: size() will be decremented
bool operator==(const queue&, const queue&)
Compares two queues for equality.
Two queues are equal if they
contain the same number of elements and if they are equal
element-by-element.
This is a global function, not a member function.
bool operator&(const queue&, const queue&)
Lexicographical ordering of two queues.
This is a global function, not a member function.
Queues are a standard data structure, and are discussed in all
algorithm books.
See, for example, section 2.2.1 of Knuth.
(D. E. Knuth, The Art of Computer
Programming.
Volume 1: Fundamental Algorithms, second edition.
Addison-Wesley, 1973.)
This restriction is the only reason for queue to exist at all.
Any container that is both a
example, has member functions front, back, push_front,
push_back, pop_front, and pop_back The only reason to use the
container adaptor queue instead of the container
make it clear that you are performing only queue operations, and no
other operations.
One might wonder why pop() returns void, instead of
value_type.
That is, why must one use front() and pop() to
examine and remove the element at the front of the queue, instead of
combining the two in a single member function?
In fact, there is a
good reason for this design.
If pop() returned the front element, it
would have to return by value rather than by reference: return by
reference would create a dangling pointer.
Return by value, however,
is inefficient: it involves at least one redundant copy constructor
Since it is impossible for pop() to return a value in such a
way as to be both efficient and correct, it is more sensible for it to
return no value at all and to require clients to use front() to
inspect the value at the front of the queue.
Using this site means you accept its
Copyright © 2009 - 2017 Silicon Graphics International. All rights reserved.问题一：商城首页报错 Strict Standards: Only variables should be passed by reference in D:\wamp\ecshop\includes\cls_template.php on line 422
解决方法：
找到提示错误的文件&cls_template.php 及行号
把&$tag_sel = array_shift(explode(' ', $tag));
改成：$tag_arr = explode(' ', $tag); $tag_sel = array_shift($tag_arr);
并且删除&D:\wamp\www\ecshop\temp\caches下所有的文件
问题二：后台首页报错 Strict Standards: Non-static method cls_image::gd_version() should not be called statically in&D:\wamp\www\ecshop\includes\lib_base.php&on line&346
找到D:\wamp\www\ecshop\includes\cls_image.php文件
搜索&function gd_version&改成&static function gd_version
问题三：后台-商店设置&
Strict Standards: mktime(): You should be using the time() function instead in&D:\wamp\www\ecshop\admin\sms_url.php&on line&31Strict Standards: mktime(): You should be using the time() function instead in&D:\wamp\www\ecshop\admin\shop_config.php&on line&32
根据错误提示 把 mktime() 改成 time()
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
问题描述：打开商城首页及后台出现乱码及以下一系列的错误信息
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Strict Standards: Non-static method Conf::get() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context inD:\wamp\www\ecmall\app\frontend.base.phpon line&446
到ecmall安装目录下 找到&ecmall/eccore/ecmall.php
把&function get(&改成&static function get(
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到php安装目录下找到php.ini 把&error_reporting = E_ALL 改成&error_reporting = E_ALL & ~E_DEPRECATED & ~E_STRICT 重启服务
欢迎加入web前端交流群（） 分享您我的经验，相互交流，共享资源。
阅读(...) 评论()&&&return by reference
的翻译结果:
查询用时：0.218秒
&在分类学科中查询
The paper makes in-depth analysis about essence of call by values and call by references, return by value and return by reference, also explains these through some examples.
笔者系统地分析了函数参数传递中值调用和引用调用以及函数值返回和引用返回的本质,并举例进行了说明。
RETURN AND ADVANCE
回归与前驱
Return and Transcendence
《熊》及《老人与海》之主题比较
for reference.
供国内同行参考
With reference to B.F.
本文参考 B.F.
查询“return by reference”译词为用户自定义的双语例句&&&&我想查看译文中含有：的双语例句
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