linux工匠之vagrant虚拟机运行
linux工匠之vagrant虚拟机运行
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vagrant是一个常用的虚拟机或者说是虚拟机组件，其他虚拟机还有KVM，Xen，VMware，VirtualBox，Parallels，Wine，docker等，在我理解vagrant定位于VMware和docker之间，他不提供全套的虚拟机，而利用虚拟机提供的接口对其进行操作。了解此虚拟机是通过consul文档
vagrant官网，下载最新的vagrant程序 vagrant_1.8.6_x86_64.rpm
下载box，即下载已安装系统的虚拟机镜像，此文章为vagrant-centos-6.7.box
下载对应的virtualbox版本，需要和内核版本对应，此文章为VirtualBox-5.1-5.1.6_110634_el6-1.x86_64.rpm
[root@vm01 ~]# cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS release 6.7 (Final)
[root@vm01 ~]# uname -a
Linux vm01 2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Jul 23 15:44:03 UTC
x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
# yum install libXmu
# rpm -ivh VirtualBox-5.1-5.1.6_110634_el6-1.x86_64.rpm
warning: VirtualBox-5.1-5.1.6_110634_el6-1.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 98ab5139: NOKEY
Preparing...
########################################### [100%]
1:VirtualBox-5.1
########################################### [100%]
Creating group 'vboxusers'. VM users must be member of that group!
vboxdrv.sh: failed: Look at /var/log/vbox-install.log to find out what went wrong.
This system is not currently set up to build kernel modules (system extensions).
Running the following commands should set the system up correctly:
yum install kernel-devel-2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64
(The last command may fail if your system is not fully updated.)
yum install kernel-devel
There were problems setting up VirtualBox.
To re-start the set-up process, run
/sbin/vboxconfig
vboxdrv.sh: failed: Look at /var/log/vbox-install.log to find out what went wrong.
[root@vm01 ~]# cat /var/log/vbox-install.log
Makefile:185: *** Error: unable to find the sources of your current Linux kernel. Specify KERN_DIR=&directory& and run Make again。 停止。
Makefile:185: *** Error: unable to find the sources of your current Linux kernel. Specify KERN_DIR=&directory& and run Make again.
# yum install kernel-devel
# ls /usr/src/kernels/
2.6.32-642.6.1.el6.x86_64
# echo export KERN_DIR=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-642.6.1.el6.x86_64 && ~/.bashrc
# rpm -ivh vagrant_1.8.6_x86_64.rpm
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[root@vm01 ~]# cat /etc/centos-releaseCentOS release 6.7 (Final)[root@vm01 ~]# uname -aLinux vm01 2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Jul 23 15:44:03 UTC
x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux# yum install libXmu# rpm -ivh VirtualBox-5.1-5.1.6_110634_el6-1.x86_64.rpmwarning: VirtualBox-5.1-5.1.6_110634_el6-1.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 98ab5139: NOKEYPreparing...&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&########################################### [100%]&& 1:VirtualBox-5.1&&&&&&&& ########################################### [100%]&Creating group 'vboxusers'. VM users must be member of that group!&vboxdrv.sh: failed: Look at /var/log/vbox-install.log to find out what went wrong.This system is not currently set up to build kernel modules (system extensions).Running the following commands should set the system up correctly:&&&yum install kernel-devel-2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64(The last command may fail if your system is not fully updated.)&&yum install kernel-devel&There were problems setting up VirtualBox.&&To re-start the set-up process, run&&/sbin/vboxconfigas root.vboxdrv.sh: failed: Look at /var/log/vbox-install.log to find out what went wrong.[root@vm01 ~]# cat /var/log/vbox-install.logMakefile:185: *** Error: unable to find the sources of your current Linux kernel. Specify KERN_DIR=&directory& and run Make again。 停止。Makefile:185: *** Error: unable to find the sources of your current Linux kernel. Specify KERN_DIR=&directory& and run Make again.&&Stop.&# yum install kernel-devel# ls /usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-642.6.1.el6.x86_64# echo export KERN_DIR=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-642.6.1.el6.x86_64 && ~/.bashrc&# rpm -ivh vagrant_1.8.6_x86_64.rpm
# vagrant box add centos67 vagrant-centos-6.7.box
==& box: Box file was not detected as metadata. Adding it directly...
==& box: Adding box 'centos67' (v0) for provider:
box: Unpacking necessary files from: file:///root/vagrant-centos-6.7.box
==& box: Successfully added box 'centos67' (v0) for 'virtualbox'!
[root@vm01 ~]# vagrant init centos67
A `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are now
ready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please read
the comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on
`` for more information on using Vagrant.
[root@vm01 ~]# vagrant box list
centos67 (virtualbox, 0)
[root@vm01 ~]# vim Vagrantfile
[root@vm01 ~]# egrep -v "^.*#|^$" Vagrantfile
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.box = "centos67"
config.vm.network "public_network"
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
vb.gui = false
vb.memory = "512"
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# vagrant box add centos67 vagrant-centos-6.7.box==& box: Box file was not detected as metadata. Adding it directly...==& box: Adding box 'centos67' (v0) for provider:&&&&box: Unpacking necessary files from: file:///root/vagrant-centos-6.7.box==& box: Successfully added box 'centos67' (v0) for 'virtualbox'![root@vm01 ~]# vagrant init centos67A `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are nowready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please readthe comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on`vagrantup.com` for more information on using Vagrant.[root@vm01 ~]# vagrant box listcentos67 (virtualbox, 0)[root@vm01 ~]# vim Vagrantfile[root@vm01 ~]# egrep -v "^.*#|^$" VagrantfileVagrant.configure("2") do |config|&&config.vm.box = "centos67"&&config.vm.network "public_network"&& config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|&&&& vb.gui = false&&&& vb.memory = "512"&& endend
[root@vm01 ~]# vagrant up
VirtualBox is complaining that the kernel module is not loaded. Please
run `VBoxManage --version` or open the VirtualBox GUI to see the error
message which should contain instructions on how to fix this error.
[root@vm01 ~]# /sbin/vboxconfig
vboxdrv.sh: Building VirtualBox kernel modules.
vboxdrv.sh: Starting VirtualBox services.
vboxdrv.sh: Starting VirtualBox services.
[root@vm01 ~]# VBoxManage list vms
[root@vm01 ~]# vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==& default: Importing base box 'centos67'...
==& default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
==& default: Setting the name of the VM: root_default_8_64453
==& default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==& default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
default: Adapter 1: nat
default: Adapter 2: bridged
==& default: Forwarding ports...
default: 22 (guest) =& 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
==& default: Running 'pre-boot' VM customizations...
==& default: Booting VM...
There was an error while executing `VBoxManage`, a CLI used by Vagrant
for controlling VirtualBox. The command and stderr is shown below.
Command: ["startvm", "47a76273-8dfd-47a4-b70f-1c0d012c70fe", "--type", "headless"]
Stderr: VBoxManage: error: VT-x is not available (VERR_VMX_NO_VMX)
VBoxManage: error: Details: code NS_ERROR_FAILURE (0x), component ConsoleWrap, interface IConsole
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[root@vm01 ~]# vagrant upVirtualBox is complaining that the kernel module is not loaded. Pleaserun `VBoxManage --version` or open the VirtualBox GUI to see the errormessage which should contain instructions on how to fix this error.&[root@vm01 ~]# /sbin/vboxconfigvboxdrv.sh: Building VirtualBox kernel modules.vboxdrv.sh: Starting VirtualBox services.vboxdrv.sh: Starting VirtualBox services.[root@vm01 ~]# VBoxManage list vms[root@vm01 ~]# vagrant upBringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...==& default: Importing base box 'centos67'...==& default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...==& default: Setting the name of the VM: root_default_8_64453==& default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...==& default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...&&&&default: Adapter 1: nat&&&&default: Adapter 2: bridged==& default: Forwarding ports...&&&&default: 22 (guest) =& 2222 (host) (adapter 1)==& default: Running 'pre-boot' VM customizations...==& default: Booting VM...There was an error while executing `VBoxManage`, a CLI used by Vagrantfor controlling VirtualBox. The command and stderr is shown below.&Command: ["startvm", "47a76273-8dfd-47a4-b70f-1c0d012c70fe", "--type", "headless"]&Stderr: VBoxManage: error: VT-x is not available (VERR_VMX_NO_VMX)VBoxManage: error: Details: code NS_ERROR_FAILURE (0x), component ConsoleWrap, interface IConsole
parallels虚拟机开启虚拟化，VMware或者virtualbox也有开启的选项
[root@vm01 ~]# VBoxManage list vms
"root_default_8_64453" {47a76273-8dfd-47a4-b70f-1c0d012c70fe}
[root@vm01 ~]# VBoxManage modifyvm "root_default_8_64453" --hwvirtex off
[root@vm01 ~]# vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==& default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
==& default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==& default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
default: Adapter 1: nat
default: Adapter 2: bridged
==& default: Forwarding ports...
default: 22 (guest) =& 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
==& default: Running 'pre-boot' VM customizations...
==& default: Booting VM...
==& default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
default: SSH username: vagrant
default: SSH auth method: private key
default: Warning: Remote connection disconnect. Retrying...
default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace
default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.
default: Inserting generated public key within guest...
default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...
default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...
==& default: Machine booted and ready!
==& default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
default: The guest additions on this VM do not match the installed version of
default: VirtualBox! In most cases this is fine, but in rare cases it can
default: prevent things such as shared folders from working properly. If you see
default: shared folder errors, please make sure the guest additions within the
default: virtual machine match the version of VirtualBox you have installed on
default: your host and reload your VM.
default: Guest Additions Version: 4.3.30
default: VirtualBox Version: 5.1
==& default: Configuring and enabling network interfaces...
==& default: Mounting shared folders...
default: /vagrant =& /root
[root@vm01 ~]# vagrant status
Current machine states:
running (virtualbox)
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[root@vm01 ~]# VBoxManage list vms"root_default_8_64453" {47a76273-8dfd-47a4-b70f-1c0d012c70fe}[root@vm01 ~]# VBoxManage modifyvm "root_default_8_64453" --hwvirtex off[root@vm01 ~]# vagrant upBringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...==& default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...==& default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...==& default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...&&&&default: Adapter 1: nat&&&&default: Adapter 2: bridged==& default: Forwarding ports...&&&&default: 22 (guest) =& 2222 (host) (adapter 1)==& default: Running 'pre-boot' VM customizations...==& default: Booting VM...==& default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...&&&&default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222&&&&default: SSH username: vagrant&&&&default: SSH auth method: private key&&&&default: Warning: Remote connection disconnect. Retrying...&&&&default:&&&&default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace&&&&default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.&&&&default:&&&&default: Inserting generated public key within guest...&&&&default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...&&&&default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...==& default: Machine booted and ready!==& default: Checking for guest additions in VM...&&&&default: The guest additions on this VM do not match the installed version of&&&&default: VirtualBox! In most cases this is fine, but in rare cases it can&&&&default: prevent things such as shared folders from working properly. If you see&&&&default: shared folder errors, please make sure the guest additions within the&&&&default: virtual machine match the version of VirtualBox you have installed on&&&&default: your host and reload your VM.&&&&default:&&&&default: Guest Additions Version: 4.3.30&&&&default: VirtualBox Version: 5.1==& default: Configuring and enabling network interfaces...==& default: Mounting shared folders...&&&&default: /vagrant =& /root[root@vm01 ~]# vagrant statusCurrent machine states:&default&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& running (virtualbox)
这里有遇到一个问题，vagrant up后，虚拟机启动到出现这一行日志不往下走了
default: SSH auth method: private key
原因是运行虚拟机的内存设置较小，调大解决
[root@vm01 ~]# vagrant ssh
[vagrant@localhost ~]$ exit
Connection to 127.0.0.1 closed.
[root@vm01 ~]# netstat -tnlp|grep VBox
0 127.0.0.1:2222
2119/VBoxHeadless
[root@vm01 ~]# ssh -p2222 vagrant@127.0.0.1
#用户名密码都为vagrant
The authenticity of host '[127.0.0.1]:2222 ([127.0.0.1]:2222)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 5c:97:4b:96:a2:41:a8:44:cc:70:b1:5e:8d:a7:a5:3b.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '[127.0.0.1]:2222' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
vagrant@127.0.0.1's password:
Last login: Thu Sep 22 18:19:56 2016 from 10.0.2.2
[vagrant@localhost ~]$ su
[root@localhost vagrant]# exit
[vagrant@localhost ~]$ exit
Connection to 127.0.0.1 closed.
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[root@vm01 ~]# vagrant ssh[vagrant@localhost ~]$ exitlogoutConnection to 127.0.0.1 closed.[root@vm01 ~]# netstat -tnlp|grep VBoxtcp&&&&&&&&0&&&&&&0 127.0.0.1:2222&&&&&&&&&&&&&&0.0.0.0:*&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& LISTEN&&&&&&2119/VBoxHeadless[root@vm01 ~]# ssh -p2222 vagrant@127.0.0.1&&&&&& #用户名密码都为vagrantThe authenticity of host '[127.0.0.1]:2222 ([127.0.0.1]:2222)' can't be established.RSA key fingerprint is 5c:97:4b:96:a2:41:a8:44:cc:70:b1:5e:8d:a7:a5:3b.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yesWarning: Permanently added '[127.0.0.1]:2222' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.vagrant@127.0.0.1's password:Last login: Thu Sep 22 18:19:56 2016 from 10.0.2.2[vagrant@localhost ~]$ su密码：[root@localhost vagrant]# exitexit[vagrant@localhost ~]$ exitlogoutConnection to 127.0.0.1 closed.
[root@vm01 ~]# vagrant ssh-config
[root@vm01 ~]# vagrant plugin install vagrant-hostmanager
[root@vm01 ~]# vagrant plugin list
[root@vm01 ~]# vagrant -h
[root@vm01 ~]# vagrant ssh-config[root@vm01 ~]# vagrant plugin install vagrant-hostmanager[root@vm01 ~]# vagrant plugin list[root@vm01 ~]# vagrant -h&& 查看
多虚拟主机配置
[root@vm01 ~]# egrep -v "^.*#|^$" Vagrantfile
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.box = "centos67"
config.vm.define :web do |web|
web.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--name", "web", "--memory", "512"]
web.vm.box = "centos67"
web.vm.hostname = "web"
web.vm.network :private_network, ip: "192.168.100.2"
config.vm.define :db do |db|
db.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--name", "db", "--memory", "512"]
db.vm.box = "centos67"
db.vm.hostname = "db"
db.vm.network :private_network, ip: "192.168.100.3"
config.vm.network "public_network"
[root@vm01 ~]# vagrant up
Bringing machine 'web' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
Bringing machine 'db' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==& web: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
==& web: Fixed port collision for 22 =& 2222. Now on port 2200.
==& web: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==& web: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
web: Adapter 1: nat
web: Adapter 2: bridged
web: Adapter 3: hostonly
==& web: Forwarding ports...
web: 22 (guest) =& 2200 (host) (adapter 1)
==& web: Running 'pre-boot' VM customizations...
==& web: Booting VM...
==& web: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
web: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2200
web: SSH username: vagrant
web: SSH auth method: private key
web: Warning: Remote connection disconnect. Retrying...
==& web: Machine booted and ready!
==& web: Checking for guest additions in VM...
web: The guest additions on this VM do not match the installed version of
web: VirtualBox! In most cases this is fine, but in rare cases it can
web: prevent things such as shared folders from working properly. If you see
web: shared folder errors, please make sure the guest additions within the
web: virtual machine match the version of VirtualBox you have installed on
web: your host and reload your VM.
web: Guest Additions Version: 4.3.30
web: VirtualBox Version: 5.1
==& web: Setting hostname...
==& web: Configuring and enabling network interfaces...
==& web: Mounting shared folders...
web: /vagrant =& /root
==& web: Machine already provisioned. Run `vagrant provision` or use the `--provision`
==& web: flag to force provisioning. Provisioners marked to run always will still run.
[root@vm01 ~]# ls VirtualBox\ VMs/
#虚拟机实际的文件夹路径
[root@vm01 ~]# VBoxManage -h
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[root@vm01 ~]# egrep -v "^.*#|^$" VagrantfileVagrant.configure("2") do |config|&&config.vm.box = "centos67"&&config.vm.define :web do |web|&&&&web.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|&&&&&&&&&&v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--name", "web", "--memory", "512"]&&&&end&&&&web.vm.box = "centos67"&&&&web.vm.hostname = "web"&&&&web.vm.network :private_network, ip: "192.168.100.2"&&end&&config.vm.define :db do |db|&&&&db.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|&&&&&&&&&&v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--name", "db", "--memory", "512"]&&&&end&&&&db.vm.box = "centos67"&&&&db.vm.hostname = "db"&&&&db.vm.network :private_network, ip: "192.168.100.3"&&end&&config.vm.network "public_network"end&&[root@vm01 ~]# vagrant upBringing machine 'web' up with 'virtualbox' provider...Bringing machine 'db' up with 'virtualbox' provider...==& web: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...==& web: Fixed port collision for 22 =& 2222. Now on port 2200.==& web: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...==& web: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...&&&&web: Adapter 1: nat&&&&web: Adapter 2: bridged&&&&web: Adapter 3: hostonly==& web: Forwarding ports...&&&&web: 22 (guest) =& 2200 (host) (adapter 1)==& web: Running 'pre-boot' VM customizations...==& web: Booting VM...==& web: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...&&&&web: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2200&&&&web: SSH username: vagrant&&&&web: SSH auth method: private key&&&&web: Warning: Remote connection disconnect. Retrying...==& web: Machine booted and ready!==& web: Checking for guest additions in VM...&&&&web: The guest additions on this VM do not match the installed version of&&&&web: VirtualBox! In most cases this is fine, but in rare cases it can&&&&web: prevent things such as shared folders from working properly. If you see&&&&web: shared folder errors, please make sure the guest additions within the&&&&web: virtual machine match the version of VirtualBox you have installed on&&&&web: your host and reload your VM.&&&&web:&&&&web: Guest Additions Version: 4.3.30&&&&web: VirtualBox Version: 5.1==& web: Setting hostname...==& web: Configuring and enabling network interfaces...==& web: Mounting shared folders...&&&&web: /vagrant =& /root==& web: Machine already provisioned. Run `vagrant provision` or use the `--provision`==& web: flag to force provisioning. Provisioners marked to run always will still run....&&[root@vm01 ~]# ls VirtualBox\ VMs/&& #虚拟机实际的文件夹路径db&&web&[root@vm01 ~]# VBoxManage -h
制作自己的box
vagrant虚拟机还是很轻便的，比VMware轻，比docker重
原创作品欢迎转载，请以超链接形式注明出处:
作者：bbotte
这个作者貌似有点懒，什么都没有留下。
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