一、Redis简介
redis 是一个高性能的 key-value 数据库。 redis 的出现,很大程度补偿了memcached 这类 keyvalue 存储的不足,在部分场合可以对关系数据库起到很好的补充作用。它提供了 Python,Ruby,Erlang,PHP 客户端,使用很方便。Redis 的所有数据都是保存在内存中,然后不定期的通过异步方式保存到磁盘上(这称为“半持久化模式”);也可以把每一次数据变化都写入到一个 appendonly file(aof)里面(这称为“全持久化模式”)。
二、Redis 安装
本次实验所用所有安装的rpm包及源码资源均已上传，需要的可以下载下来
需要将这两个都下载下来，并放到同一目录下，然后执行
cat redis.tar.gz.* | tar -zxv
1.下载安装
redis官网：
[root@server2 ~]
[root@server2 ~]
[root@server2 ~]
[root@server2 ~]
[root@server2 redis-4.0.2]
[root@server2 redis-4.0.2]
redis-benchmark
redis-check-aof
redis-check-rdb
redis-sentinel
redis-server
这些可执行文件的作用如下:
redis-server: Redis 服务主程序。
redis-cli: Redis 客户端命令行工具,也可以用 telnet 来操作。
redis-benchmark: Redis 性能测试工具,用于测试读写性能。
redis-check-aof:检查 redis aof 文件完整性,aof 文件持久化记录服务器执行的所有写操作命令,用于还原数据。
redis-check-dump:检查 redis rdb 文件的完整性,rdb 就是快照存储, 即按照一定的策略周期性的将数据保存到磁盘,是默认的持久化方式。
redis-sentinel:redis-sentinel 是集群管理工具,主要负责主从切换。
2.配置并启动服务
[root@server2 redis-4.0.2]
[root@server2 utils]
Welcome to the redis service installer
This script will help you easily set up a running redis server
Please select the redis port for this instance: [6379]
Selecting default: 6379
Please select the redis config file name [/etc/redis/6379.conf]
Selected default - /etc/redis/6379.conf
Please select the redis log file name [/var/log/redis_6379.log]
Selected default - /var/log/redis_6379.log
Please select the data directory for this instance [/var/lib/redis/6379]
Selected default - /var/lib/redis/6379
Please select the redis executable path [/usr/local/bin/redis-server]
Selected config:
Config file
: /etc/redis/6379.conf
: /var/log/redis_6379.log
: /var/lib/redis/6379
Executable
: /usr/local/bin/redis-server
Cli Executable : /usr/local/bin/redis-cli
Is this ok? Then press ENTER to go on or Ctrl-C to abort.
Copied /tmp/6379.conf =& /etc/init.d/redis_6379
Installing service...
Successfully added to chkconfig!
Successfully added to runlevels 345!
Starting Redis server...
Installation successful!
[root@server2 utils]
0 127.0.0.1:6379
4733/redis-server 1
redis 主配置文件为/etc/redis/6379.conf
这里只在本机做测试，所以不做更改了，如果外部主机进行访问，需要设置bind 和port两个参数,默认监听本机所有网络接口，redis 服务的端口号是6379，可根据需要做相应修改
#bind 127.0.0.1
bind 0.0.0.0
#port 6379
3.Redis 客户端使用
[root@server2 utils]# redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379& config get *
1) "dbfilename"
2) "dump.rdb"
3) "requirepass"
5) "masterauth"
7) "cluster-announce-ip"
上面说的可以通过修改配置文件来修改配置，另外还可以使用 CONFIG set 命令来修改配置,但重启服务后会读取 redis.conf 文件配置。
127.0.0.1:6379& CONFIG GET loglevel
1) "loglevel"
2) "notice"
127.0.0.1:6379& CONFIG SET loglevel "debug"
三、Redis集群
节点自动发现
slave-&master 选举,集群容错
所有的redis节点彼此互联(PING-PONG机制),内部使用二进制协议优化传输速度和带宽.
节点的fail是通过集群中超过半数的节点检测失效时才生效.
客户端与redis节点直连,不需要中间proxy层.客户端不需要连接集群所有节点,连接集群中任何一个可用节点即可
redis-cluster选举:容错
领着选举过程是集群中所有master参与,如果半数以上master节点与master节点通信超过(cluster-node-timeout),认为当前master节点挂掉.
什么时候整个集群不可用(cluster_state:fail),当集群不可用时,所有对集群的操作做都不可用，收到((error) CLUSTERDOWN The cluster is down)错误
如果集群任意master挂掉,且当前master没有slave.集群进入fail状态,也可以理解成进群的slot映射[0-16383]不完成时进入fail状态.
如果进群超过半数以上master挂掉，无论是否有slave集群进入fail状态.
2.实验环境
操作系统：redhat6.5
172.25.27.2
172.25.27.3
测试我们选择2台服务器，分别为：192.168.1.237，192.168.1.238.每分服务器有3个节点。
2.redis cluster安装
刚才我们已经安装好了，接下来创建节点
3.创建redis节点
[root@server2 ~]# /etc/init.d/redis_6379 stop
[root@server2 ~]# cp redis-4.0.2/src/redis-trib.rb /usr/local/bin/
##从刚才解压的文件里将redis-trib.rb拷贝到/usr/local/bin/目录下，或者将其添加进系统环境变量即可
[root@server2 ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/redis-cluster/3000{1..8}
##需要多少节点就添加多少个，我这里添加了8个
[root@server2 ~]# cp /etc/redis/6379.conf /usr/local/redis-cluster/30001/
[root@server2 ~]# vim /usr/local/redis-cluster/30001/redis.conf
daemonize yes
##redis后台运行
pidfile /usr/local/redis-cluster/30001/redis.pid
logfile /usr/local/redis-cluster/30001/redis.log
port 30001
dir /usr/local/redis-cluster/30001/
cluster-enabled yes
##开启集群
cluster-config-file cluster.conf
##集群的配置，配置文件cluster.conf首次启动自动生成，分别在对应的3000*目录下
cluster-node-timeout 10000
##请求超时
appendonly yes
##aof日志开启
有需要就开启，它会每次写操作都记录一条日志
[root@server2 ~]# sed 's//g' /usr/local/redis-cluster/30001/redis.conf &/usr/local/redis-cluster/30002/redis.conf
[root@server2 ~]# sed 's//g' /usr/local/redis-cluster/30001/redis.conf &/usr/local/redis-cluster/30003/redis.conf
[root@server2 ~]# sed 's//g' /usr/local/redis-cluster/30001/redis.conf &/usr/local/redis-cluster/30004/redis.conf
[root@server2 ~]# sed 's//g' /usr/local/redis-cluster/30001/redis.conf &/usr/local/redis-cluster/30005/redis.conf
[root@server2 ~]# sed 's//g' /usr/local/redis-cluster/30001/redis.conf &/usr/local/redis-cluster/30006/redis.conf
[root@server2 ~]# sed 's//g' /usr/local/redis-cluster/30001/redis.conf &/usr/local/redis-cluster/30007/redis.conf
[root@server2 ~]# sed 's//g' /usr/local/redis-cluster/30001/redis.conf &/usr/local/redis-cluster/30008/redis.conf
[root@server2 ~]# redis-server /usr/local/redis-cluster/30001/redis.conf
[root@server2 ~]# redis-server /usr/local/redis-cluster/30002/redis.conf
[root@server2 ~]# redis-server /usr/local/redis-cluster/30003/redis.conf
[root@server2 ~]# redis-server /usr/local/redis-cluster/30004/redis.conf
[root@server2 ~]# redis-server /usr/local/redis-cluster/30005/redis.conf
[root@server2 ~]# redis-server /usr/local/redis-cluster/30006/redis.conf
##这里先起六个节点，另外两台暂时不起
[root@server2 ~]# ps -ef | grep 3000*
00:00:00 redis-server *:30001 [cluster]
00:00:00 redis-server *:30002 [cluster]
00:00:00 redis-server *:30003 [cluster]
00:00:00 redis-server *:30004 [cluster]
00:00:00 redis-server *:30005 [cluster]
00:00:00 redis-server *:30006 [cluster]
0 20:49 pts/0
00:00:00 grep 3000*
4.创建集群
官方提供了一个工具：redis-trib.rb(/usr/local/redis-3.2.1/src/redis-trib.rb) ,它是用ruby写的一个程序,所以我们需要安装ruby
[root@server2 ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/rubygems-1.3.7-5.el6.noarch.rpm
[root@server2 ~]# yum install rubygems-1.3.7-5.el6.noarch.rpm -y
[root@server2 ~]# gem install redis -v 3.3.5
##需要联网，等一会就好了
[root@server2 ~]# gem list
*** LOCAL GEMS ***
redis (3.3.5)
[root@server2 ~]# redis-trib.rb create --replicas 1 127.0.0.1:30001 127.0.0.1:30002 127.0.0.1:30003 127.0.0.1:30004 127.0.0.1:30005 127.0.0.1:30006
##创建集群
&&& Creating cluster
&&& Performing hash slots allocation on 6 nodes...
Using 3 masters:
127.0.0.1:30001
127.0.0.1:30002
127.0.0.1:30003
Adding replica 127.0.0.1:30004 to 127.0.0.1:30001
Adding replica 127.0.0.1:30005 to 127.0.0.1:30002
Adding replica 127.0.0.1:30006 to 127.0.0.1:30003
M: 7d285e9dd31c6e27caff 127.0.0.1:30001
slots:0-5460 (5461 slots) master
M: 8504c51e42afbed274a69 127.0.0.1:30002
slots:5461-10922 (5462 slots) master
M: 42dec972bd7f0f5ca6 127.0.0.1:30003
slots:10923-16383 (5461 slots) master
S: 2382b55e7e8f2daa4e1d10e9c6a6d 127.0.0.1:30004
replicates 7d285e9dd31c6e27caff
S: e9e0cdae279ddc20b3f946b72a383b 127.0.0.1:30005
replicates 8504c51e42afbed274a69
S: e185c034df6eb0b5e513d15eceef82a8 127.0.0.1:30006
replicates 42dec972bd7f0f5ca6
Can I set the above configuration? (type 'yes' to accept): yes
&&& Nodes configuration updated
&&& Assign a different config epoch to each node
&&& Sending CLUSTER MEET messages to join the cluster
Waiting for the cluster to join..
&&& Performing Cluster Check (using node 127.0.0.1:30001)
M: 7d285e9dd31c6e27caff 127.0.0.1:30001
slots:0-5460 (5461 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
S: e9e0cdae279ddc20b3f946b72a383b 127.0.0.1:30005
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates 8504c51e42afbed274a69
M: 42dec972bd7f0f5ca6 127.0.0.1:30003
slots:10923-16383 (5461 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
S: e185c034df6eb0b5e513d15eceef82a8 127.0.0.1:30006
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates 42dec972bd7f0f5ca6
S: 2382b55e7e8f2daa4e1d10e9c6a6d 127.0.0.1:30004
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates 7d285e9dd31c6e27caff
M: 8504c51e42afbed274a69 127.0.0.1:30002
slots:5461-10922 (5462 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.
&&& Check for open slots...
&&& Check slots coverage...
[OK] All 16384 slots covered.
解释下参数含义
–replicas
表示自动为每一个master节点分配一个slave节点，上面有6个节点，程序会按照一定规则生成 3个master（主）3个slave(从)
如果不在同一台服务器上创建，防火墙一定要开放监听的端口，否则会创建失败。后面的ip和端口写对应的ip和端口就行了
需要注意的是在Can I set the above configuration? (type ‘yes’ to accept): yes
输入yes后提示
Waiting for the cluster to join……….
这个时候不要一直等，看提示Sending Cluster Meet Message to join the Cluster.
这里就需要去另一台服务器上做以下操作
redis-cli -c -p 7000*
分别进入redis各节点的客户端命令窗口， 依次输入 cluster meet 172.25.27.2 7000*
1.无中心化测试
[root@server2 ~]
127.0.0.1:30001 (7d285e51...) -& 0 keys | 5461 slots | 1 slaves.
127.0.0.1:30003 (42d80140...) -& 0 keys | 5461 slots | 1 slaves.
127.0.0.1:30002 (8504c51e...) -& 0 keys | 5462 slots | 1 slaves.
[OK] 0 keys in 3 masters.
0.00 keys per slot on average.
[root@server2 ~]
127.0.0.1:30001 (7d285e51...) -& 0 keys | 5461 slots | 1 slaves.
127.0.0.1:30003 (42d80140...) -& 0 keys | 5461 slots | 1 slaves.
127.0.0.1:30002 (8504c51e...) -& 0 keys | 5462 slots | 1 slaves.
[OK] 0 keys in 3 masters.
0.00 keys per slot on average.
[root@server2 ~]
&&& Performing Cluster Check (using node 127.0.0.1:30005)
S: e9e0cdae279ddc20b3f946b72a383b 127.0.0.1:30005
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates 8504c51e42afbed274a69
M: 42dec972bd7f0f5ca6 127.0.0.1:30003
slots:10923-16383 (5461 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
S: e185c034df6eb0b5e513d15eceef82a8 127.0.0.1:30006
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates 42dec972bd7f0f5ca6
M: 8504c51e42afbed274a69 127.0.0.1:30002
slots:5461-10922 (5462 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
S: 2382b55e7e8f2daa4e1d10e9c6a6d 127.0.0.1:30004
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates 7d285e9dd31c6e27caff
M: 7d285e9dd31c6e27caff 127.0.0.1:30001
slots:0-5460 (5461 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.
&&& Check for open slots...
&&& Check slots coverage...
[OK] All 16384 slots covered.
可以看到30001-3是master，30004-5为slave，并且3,3,3,访问任何一个节点均可以取到集群的信息，即使slave也可以，也可以通过任何一个节点进行读写操作
[root@server2 ~]
127.0.0.1:30005& get name
-& Redirected to slot [5798] located at 127.0.0.1:30002
127.0.0.1:30002& get name
127.0.0.1:30002& set name myname
127.0.0.1:30002& get name
127.0.0.1:30002& exit
[root@server2 ~]
127.0.0.1:30004& get name
-& Redirected to slot [5798] located at 127.0.0.1:30002
127.0.0.1:30002&exit
[root@server2 ~]
127.0.0.1:30001& get name
-& Redirected to slot [5798] located at 127.0.0.1:30002
127.0.0.1:30002&
2.模拟故障测试
[root@server2 ~]#
##master30001挂掉
[root@server2 ~]# .rb
127.0.0.1:30005
127.0.0.1:30005)
127.0.0.1:30005
: 42 127.0.0.1:30003
127.0.0.1:30006
: .0.0.1:30002
: .0.0.1:30004
##30001的自动提升为，这个时候集群还是正常工作的
:0-5460 (5461 )
##测试能否正常工作
[root@server2 ~]#
127.0.0.1:30006&
127.0.0.1:30002
127.0.0.1:30002&
127.0.0.1:30002&
127.0.0.1:30002&
[root@server2 ~]#
127.0.0.1:30002&
127.0.0.1:30002&
##在挂掉一台
[root@server2 ~]# .rb
127.0.0.1:30005
127.0.0.1:30005)
127.0.0.1:30005
##30005提升为新的
: 42 127.0.0.1:30003
127.0.0.1:30006
: .0.0.1:30004
:0-5460 (5461 )
此时集群有半数以上（&=3）节点活着，并且没有挂掉一对主从，集群可以正常工作的，即使挂掉30003，集群仍可工作，但是如果挂掉3，则集群不能正常工作，为体现测是效果，我们将30001启动，启动即自动加入集群
[root@server2 ~]# redis-server /usr/local/redis-cluster/30001/redis.conf
[root@server2 ~]# redis-trib.rb check 127.0.0.1:30005
&&& Performing Cluster Check (using node 127.0.0.1:30005)
M: e9e0cdae279ddc20b3f946b72a383b 127.0.0.1:30005
slots:5461-10922 (5462 slots) master
0 additional replica(s)
M: 42dec972bd7f0f5ca6 127.0.0.1:30003
slots:10923-16383 (5461 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
S: e185c034df6eb0b5e513d15eceef82a8 127.0.0.1:30006
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates 42dec972bd7f0f5ca6
M: 2382b55e7e8f2daa4e1d10e9c6a6d 127.0.0.1:30004
slots:0-5460 (5461 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
S: 7d285e9dd31c6e27caff 127.0.0.1:30001
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates 2382b55e7e8f2daa4e1d10e9c6a6d
[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.
&&& Check for open slots...
&&& Check slots coverage...
[OK] All 16384 slots covered.
此时此时挂掉30005
[root@server2 ~]
[root@server2 ~]
[root@server2 ~]
Could not connect to Redis at 127.0.0.1:30005: Connection refused
Could not connect to Redis at 127.0.0.1:30005: Connection refused
[root@server2 ~]
(error) CLUSTERDOWN The cluster is down
[root@server2 ~]
(error) CLUSTERDOWN The cluster is down
[root@server2 ~]
(error) CLUSTERDOWN The cluster is down
[root@server2 ~]
(error) CLUSTERDOWN The cluster is down
[root@server2 ~]
&&& Performing Cluster Check (using node 127.0.0.1:30001)
S: 7d285e9dd31c6e27caff 127.0.0.1:30001
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates 2382b55e7e8f2daa4e1d10e9c6a6d
M: 2382b55e7e8f2daa4e1d10e9c6a6d 127.0.0.1:30004
slots:0-5460 (5461 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
M: 42dec972bd7f0f5ca6 127.0.0.1:30003
slots:10923-16383 (5461 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
S: e185c034df6eb0b5e513d15eceef82a8 127.0.0.1:30006
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates 42dec972bd7f0f5ca6
[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.
&&& Check for open slots...
&&& Check slots coverage...
[ERR] Not all 16384 slots are covered by nodes.
[root@server2 ~]
[root@server2 ~]
因为我们停掉了一对主从（3），导致16384个槽位不满，集群就无法工作了
所以在实际应用中，要是有三台服务器，每台两个节点，则互相交叉配置主从，这样即使一台服务器挂了，集群仍可工作，切忌同一台服务器上是对应的主从节点
3.槽位分配
[root@server2 ~]# redis-server /usr/local/redis-cluster/30002/redis.conf
[root@server2 ~]# redis-server /usr/local/redis-cluster/30007/redis.conf
[root@server2 ~]# redis-server /usr/local/redis-cluster/30008/redis.conf
[root@server2 ~]# redis-trib.rb add-node 127.0.0.1:.0.1:30001
##将30007加入集群
[root@server2 ~]# redis-trib.rb check 127.0.0.1:30006
&&& Performing Cluster Check (using node 127.0.0.1:30006)
S: e185c034df6eb0b5e513d15eceef82a8 127.0.0.1:30006
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates 42dec972bd7f0f5ca6
S: 7d285e9dd31c6e27caff 127.0.0.1:30001
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates 2382b55e7e8f2daa4e1d10e9c6a6d
M: e9e0cdae279ddc20b3f946b72a383b 127.0.0.1:30005
slots:5461-10922 (5462 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
M: ebc3b5c4f8d1b429c1b 127.0.0.1:30007
slots: (0 slots) master
##新加入的30007为master，但是集群为奇数个，它没有slave，并且没有分配槽位
0 additional replica(s)
M: 42dec972bd7f0f5ca6 127.0.0.1:30003
slots:10923-16383 (5461 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
M: 2382b55e7e8f2daa4e1d10e9c6a6d 127.0.0.1:30004
slots:0-5460 (5461 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
S: 8504c51e42afbed274a69 127.0.0.1:30002
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates e9e0cdae279ddc20b3f946b72a383b
[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.
&&& Check for open slots...
&&& Check slots coverage...
[OK] All 16384 slots covered.
[root@server2 ~]# redis-trib.rb reshard --from all --slots 100 --to ebc3b5c4f8d1b429c1b 127.0.0.1:30001
##给300007分配100个槽位，从master中平均分配
[root@server2 ~]# redis-trib.rb check 127.0.0.1:30006
&&& Performing Cluster Check (using node 127.0.0.1:30006)
S: e185c034df6eb0b5e513d15eceef82a8 127.0.0.1:30006
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates 42dec972bd7f0f5ca6
S: 7d285e9dd31c6e27caff 127.0.0.1:30001
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates 2382b55e7e8f2daa4e1d10e9c6a6d
M: e9e0cdae279ddc20b3f946b72a383b 127.0.0.1:30005
slots:5495-10922 (5428 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
M: ebc3b5c4f8d1b429c1b 127.0.0.1:30007
slots:0-32,5461-5494,10923-10955 (100 slots) master
0 additional replica(s)
M: 42dec972bd7f0f5ca6 127.0.0.1:30003
slots:10956-16383 (5428 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
M: 2382b55e7e8f2daa4e1d10e9c6a6d 127.0.0.1:30004
slots:33-5460 (5428 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
S: 8504c51e42afbed274a69 127.0.0.1:30002
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates e9e0cdae279ddc20b3f946b72a383b
[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.
&&& Check for open slots...
&&& Check slots coverage...
[OK] All 16384 slots covered.
[root@server2 ~]# redis-trib.rb rebalance --threshold 1 127.0.0.1:30001
##平均分配槽位，如果新加入集群的节点没有像上面那样手动分配槽位（即槽位为空）的时候，要加上--use-empty-masters 参数
[root@server2 ~]# redis-trib.rb check 127.0.0.1:30006
&&& Performing Cluster Check (using node 127.0.0.1:30006)
S: e185c034df6eb0b5e513d15eceef82a8 127.0.0.1:30006
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates 42dec972bd7f0f5ca6
S: 7d285e9dd31c6e27caff 127.0.0.1:30001
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates 2382b55e7e8f2daa4e1d10e9c6a6d
M: e9e0cdae279ddc20b3f946b72a383b 127.0.0.1:30005
slots:6827-10922 (4096 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
M: ebc3b5c4f8d1b429c1b 127.0.0.1:30007
slots:0-1364,5461-6826,10923-12287 (4096 slots) master
0 additional replica(s)
M: 42dec972bd7f0f5ca6 127.0.0.1:30003
slots:12288-16383 (4096 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
M: 2382b55e7e8f2daa4e1d10e9c6a6d 127.0.0.1:30004
slots:1365-5460 (4096 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
S: 8504c51e42afbed274a69 127.0.0.1:30002
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates e9e0cdae279ddc20b3f946b72a383b
[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.
&&& Check for open slots...
&&& Check slots coverage...
[OK] All 16384 slots covered.
[root@server2 ~]# .rb
127.0.0.1:30008 127.0.0.1:30001
##添加30008作为30007的从
[root@server2 ~]# .rb
127.0.0.1:30006
127.0.0.1:30006)
127.0.0.1:30006
: 7 127.0.0.1:30001
: 52 127.0.0.1:30008
127.0.0.1:30005
127.0.0.1:30007
:0-1364, (4096 )
: 42 127.0.0.1:30003
: .0.0.1:30004
: .0.0.1:30002
四、Redis 作为 mysql 的缓存服务器
1.角色分配
172.25.27.2
web客户端，需要lnmp
172.25.27.3
172.25.27.4
2.安装lnmp环境
[root@server2 ~]
[root@server2 ~]
3.安装 php 的 redis 扩展
下载地址：
[root@server2 ~]
[root@server2 ~]
[root@server2 phpredis-master]
Configuring for:
PHP Api Version:
Zend Module Api No:
Zend Extension Api No:
[root@server2 phpredis-master]
[root@server2 phpredis-master]
[root@server2 ~]
/usr/share/nginx/
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.
location / {
index index.php index.html index.
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass
127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index
fastcgi_param
SCRIPT_FILENAME
/usr/share/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
[root@server2 ~]
extension=msql.so
extension=redis.so
[root@server2 ~]
[root@server2 ~]
[root@server2 ~]
网页访问：
要看到加载redis模块
[root@server2 ~]# vim /usr/share/nginx/html/test.php
$redis = new Redis();
$redis-&connect('172.25.27.3',6379) or die ("could net connect redis server");
$query = "select * from test";
for ($key = 1; $key & 10; $key++)
if (!$redis-&get($key))
$connect = mysql_connect('173.25.27.4','redis','redhat');
mysql_select_db(test);
$result = mysql_query($query);
while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result))
$redis-&set($row['id'],$row['name']);
$myserver = 'mysql';
$myserver = "redis";
$data[$key] = $redis-&get($key);
echo $myserver;
echo "&br&";
for ($key = 1; $key & 10; $key++)
echo "number is &b&&font color=#FF0000&$key&/font&&/b&";
echo "&br&";
echo "name is &b&&font color=#FF0000&$data[$key]&/font&&/b&";
echo "&br&";
4.配置 mysql
[root@server4 ~]# yum install -y mysql-server
[root@server4 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
[root@server4 ~]# vim test.sql
CREATE TABLE `test` (`id` int(7) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` char(8) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
INSERT INTO `test` VALUES (1,'test1'),(2,'test2'),(3,'test3'),(4,'test4'),(5,'test5'),(6,'test6'),(7,'test7'),(8,'test8'),(9,'test9');
#DELIMITER $$
#CREATE TRIGGER datatoredis AFTER UPDATE ON test FOR EACH ROW BEGIN
SET @RECV=gman_do_background('syncToRedis', json_object(NEW.id as `id`, NEW.name as `name`));
#DELIMITER ;
[root@server4 ~]# mysql&test.sql
[root@server4 ~]# mysql
mysql& select * from test.
+----+-------+
| id | name
+----+-------+
1 | test1 |
2 | test2 |
3 | test3 |
4 | test4 |
5 | test5 |
6 | test6 |
7 | test7 |
8 | test8 |
9 | test9 |
+----+-------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql& grant all on test.* to redis@
5.安装redis
再server3上安装，安装好修改bind之后直接启动即可
[root@server3 redis-4.0.2]
[root@server3 redis-4.0.2]
[root@server3 redis-4.0.2]
bind 0.0.0.0
[root@server3 redis-4.0.2]
到这里,我们已经实现了 redis 作为 mysql 的缓存服务器,但是如果更新了 mysql , redis中仍然会有对应的 KEY,数据就不会更新,此时就会出现 mysql 和 redis 数据不一致的情况。所以接下来就要通过 mysql 触发器将改变的数据同步到 redis 中。
五、配置 gearman 实现数据同步
1.Gearman简介
Gearman 是一个支持分布式的任务分发框架:
Gearman Job Server: Gearman 核心程序,需要编译安装并以守护进程形式运行在后台。
Gearman Client:可以理解为任务的请求者。
Gearman Worker:任务的真正执行者,一般需要自己编写具体逻辑并通过守护进程方式运行,Gearman Worker 接收到 Gearman Client 传递的任务内容后,会按顺序处理。
大致流程:下面要编写的 mysql 触发器,就相当于 Gearman 的客户端。修改表,插入表就相当于直接下发任务。然后通过 lib_mysqludf_json UDF 库函数将关系数据映射为 JSON 格式,然后在通过 gearman-mysql-udf 插件将任务加入到 Gearman 的任务队列中,最后通过redis_worker.php,也就是 Gearman 的 worker 端来完成 redis 数据库的更新。
2.安装 gearman 软件包
[root@server2 redis]
[root@server1 redis]
[root@server2 redis]
[root@server2 redis]
[root@server2 gearman-1.1.2]
[root@server2 gearman-1.1.2]
[root@server1 gearman-1.1.2]
[root@server2 gearman-1.1.2]
[root@server2 php.d]
[root@server2 php.d]
[root@server2 php.d]
3.安装 lib_mysqludf_json
[root@server4 ~]# yum install -y mysql-devel gcc
[root@server4 ~]# wget https://codeload.github.com/mysqludf/lib_mysqludf_json/zip/master
[root@server4 ~]# unzip master
[root@server4 ~]# cd lib_mysqludf_json-master/
[root@server4 lib_mysqludf_json-master]# gcc $(mysql_config --cflags) -shared -fPIC -o lib_mysqludf_json.so lib_mysqludf_json.c
[root@server4 lib_mysqludf_json-master]# mysql -e "show global variables like 'plugin_dir'" ##查看 mysql 的模块目录
+---------------+-------------------------+
[root@server4 lib_mysqludf_json-master]# cp lib_mysqludf_json.so /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/
##拷贝 lib_mysqludf_json.so 模块
[root@server4 lib_mysqludf_json-master]# mysql
mysql& CREATE FUNCTION json_object RETURNS STRING SONAME 'lib_mysqludf_json.so';
mysql& select * from mysql.
+-------------+-----+----------------------+----------+
| ret | dl
+-------------+-----+----------------------+----------+
| json_object |
0 | lib_mysqludf_json.so | function |
+-------------+-----+----------------------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
4.安装 gearman-mysql-udf
这个插件是用来管理调用 Gearman 的分布式的队列。
[root@server4 ~]
[root@server4 ~]
[root@server4 ~]
[root@server4 ~]
[root@server4 ~]
[root@server4 ~]
[root@server4 ~]
[root@server4 ~]
[root@server4 ~]
[root@server4 gearman-mysql-udf-0.6]
[root@server4 gearman-mysql-udf-0.6]
5.注册 UDF 函数
[root@server4 gearman-mysql-udf-0.6]# mysql
mysql& CREATE FUNCTION gman_do_background RETURNS STRING SONAME 'libgearman_mysql_udf.so';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql& CREATE FUNCTION gman_servers_set RETURNS STRING SONAME 'libgearman_mysql_udf.so';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
| json_object
0 | lib_mysqludf_json.so
| function |
| gman_do_background |
0 | libgearman_mysql_udf.so | function |
| gman_servers_set
0 | libgearman_mysql_udf.so | function |
+--------------------+-----+-------------------------+----------+
6.编写 mysql 触发器(根据实际情况编写)
[root@server4 ~]# vim test.sql
#CREATE TABLE `test` (`id` int(7) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` char(8) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
#INSERT INTO `test` VALUES (1,'test1'),(2,'test2'),(3,'test3'),(4,'test4'),(5,'test5'),(6,'test6'),(7,'test7'),(8,'test8'),(9,'test9');
DELIMITER $$
CREATE TRIGGER datatoredis AFTER UPDATE ON test FOR EACH ROW BEGIN
SET @RECV=gman_do_background('syncToRedis', json_object(NEW.id as `id`, NEW.name as `name`));
DELIMITER ;
[root@server4 ~]# mysql&test.sql
[root@server4 ~]# mysql -e 'SHOW TRIGGERS FROM test\G'
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Trigger: datatoredis
Event: UPDATE
Table: test
Statement: BEGIN
SET @RECV=gman_do_background('syncToRedis', json_object(NEW.id as `id`, NEW.name as `name`));
Timing: AFTER
Created: NULL
Definer: root@localhost
character_set_client: latin1
collation_connection: latin1_swedish_ci
Database Collation: latin1_swedish_ci
7.编写 gearman 的 worker 端
[root@server2 ~]
$worker = new GearmanWorker();
$worker-&addServer();
$worker-&addFunction('syncToRedis', 'syncToRedis');
$redis = new Redis();
$redis-&connect('172.25.27.3', 6379);
while($worker-&work());
function syncToRedis($job)
global $redis;
$workString = $job-&workload();
$work = json_decode($workString);
if(!isset($work-&id)){
return false;
$redis-&set($work-&id, $work-&name);
[root@server2 ~]
更新 mysql 中的数据
[root@server4 ~]# mysql -e "update test.test set name='hello' where id=1"
查看 redis
[root@server3 ~]
刷新测试页面数据同步
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原创作品，允许转载，转载时请务必以超链接形式标明文章 原始出处 、作者信息和本声明。否则将追究法律责任。
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