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UnitOne:ThinkingasaHobby,Thinking,Hobby,WilliamGolding(1911-1993),aremarkableBritishnovelist,isneverlikelytoberememberedforhissocialportraiture,whichisnottheessenceofhiswork.HewasawritertrainedinagrandmetaphysicalChristianitywhocouldaddressquestionsofgoodandevilinacorruptedandGodlessage.,LordoftheFlies(1954),ThenovelwasoneofthegreatnovelsoftheFifties,yetinnoobvioussensewasitaFiftiesnovel;onereviewerwouldfindinGoldingasullendistasteforthecontemporary.ThenovelwasanironicrewritingoftheVictorianboysbooktradition.TheoriginalstorywasR.M.BallantynesTheCoralIsland(1858),thestoryofahighlyresourcefulgroupofBritishboys,ledbyRalphRover,whoareshipwreckedonanisolatedPacificisland,whoselivesarethreatenedbysavagesbutarerescuedbyamissionary.,Background,Agoodliberalartseducationmustincludegoodtraininginlogicalandcriticalthinking.Youshouldplaywithideasthewayyouplaywithballs.Threegrades:,Grade-threethinking:wasnothinkingatall,butacombinationofignorance,prejudiceandhypocrisy.Mostpeoplebelongtothiscategory(accordingtotheauthor).Grade-twothinking:Peoplecandetectthecontradictionsofgrade-threethinkersbeliefs.Theycanseetheirignorance,prejudice,hypocrisyandlackoflogic,whichgivesthemgreatdelightandsatisfiestheirego.,Grade-twothinkinghadnothingconstructivetooffer.Itdestroyswithoutthepowertocreate.Thereforethesatisfactionitbringsthethinkerislimitedanddoesnotlast.Grade-onethinking:Peoplewhosetouttofindthetruthandgetit.,TEXTORGANIZATION,P1-p15Prelude/IntroductionP16-p24GradeThreeThinkingP25-p29GradeTwoThinkingP30-p35GradeOneThinking,nothingbut(p2):nothingexcept;only,Hisparentscarenothingbuthisscoresatschool.Onewasaladywearingnothingbutabathtowel.,VenusInRomanmythology,Venuswasthegoddessofloveandbeauty.【罗马神话】维纳斯：爱情和形体美的女神Inothercultures,shehasamoresinisterroleparticularlyinMayanmythology.金星AccordingtoInternationalAstronomicalUnionin2006inPrague,Czechoslovakia,howmanyplanetsareinthesolarsystem?,TheeightplanetsnowrecognizedbytheIAUare:Mercury,Venus,Earth,Mars,Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus,andNeptune.Plutowasre-classifiedasadwarfplanet,lest(p2):forfearthat;inordertomakesurethatsth.willnothappen,Hehidebehindthecurtainlesttheprofessor(should)seehim.Sheturnedpalewhenhersoncameoutofthestudylesthe(should)haveheardwhatshehadsaid.,fartherv.further,1Walkfarthertoseeifyoucanfindanyflowersunderthesnow.2AftergraduatingfromFuDanUniversitywiththebachelordegree,hewentabroadtoseekfurtherstudy.,beinapositiontodosth.:tobeabletodosth.becauseyouhavetheability,powerormoney,IamnotinthepositiontoadviseyouonthismatterbecauseIdonotknowallthefactsaboutit.,Anakedman,musculargentleman,whosat,lookingdown,withhischinonhisfistandhiselbowonhisknee.Rodinsthinker,AugusteRodin:aFrenchsculptor.Hismostfamousworks:TheKissThethinker,Anakedman,Alearnedprofessor,thewretchedlifeOurbelovedcountry,hisbelovedgirlfriend,belovedbyall.Myagedparents,amanaged33.,delinquentadj.failingtoperformaduty,juveniledelinquentdelinquentchildrentheproblemofjuveniledelinquency,ifanything(P4):onthecontrary,Yoursuggestiondidnotencouragehim.It,ifanything,discouragedhim.Heisnotknownforhisgenerosity.Heis,ifanything,quitemiserly.,confrontsb.withsth.(vt.)(p24):toopposesb.orbringsb.tosth.,Iconfrontedhimwithmysuspicions,andheadmittedeverything.(对质)Thecustomersareconfrontedwithabewilderingamountofchoice.Wemustconfrontthefuturewithoptimism.（勇敢面对）,getsth.tothought(p24),Inolongerdismisslightlyamentalprocesswhichforninetenthsofthepopulationisthenearesttheywillevergettothought.Meaning:Inolongerconsiderthewaygrade-threethinkersunimportantbecausetheyaccountfornine-tenthsofthepeopleandthereforehavegreatpower.NowIknowthatignorance,prejudiceandhypocrisyareverypowerfulenemies.,stampedev.afactualaccountofGodsdivineplanandprophecies.Thisisthebeliefoffundamentalists.,Flag(vi.)(p26):begintoloseenthusiasmandenergy;todeclineininterest,Argumentflagged:argumentbecamedullbecauseRuthdidnotknowhowtorespond.Hishorseisflagging.疲乏Thecountryseconomycontinuedtoflag.衰退,ifwewerecountingheads,theBuddhistsweretheboysformymoney.theboys:peoplewiththesameinterest;formymoney:Ibet,Ibelieve,inmyopinionifweweretalkingaboutthenumberofthepeople,IwillbetontheBuddhists(becauseIbelievetheyaregreaterinnumber),Begiventhethirddegree(p28),Beseverelyquestionedorinterrogated,Makeforsb./sth.(p.29),1contributeto;tendtowards有助于，倾向于FrequentexposuretoidiomaticEnglish,suchasVOAmakesforyourstudyatuniversity.2headfor走向，向某个方向移动Itislate.Wedbettermakeforhome.3chargeat,rushtowards袭击，攻击，冲向Thebullsuddenlymadeforthegirlinredandeverybodywasshocked.,Fewandfarbetween(p30),相隔很久才发生的;彼此相距很远；稀少Goodnovelsarefewandfarbetween.,Idiomaticpairsofadj.,Blackandblue遍体鳞伤Fairandsquare公正，正大光明Haleandhearty精神充沛,老当益壮,Aspire(p.30)vi.+for/to/afterbefilledwithhighambition,Doyouaspireafterknowledge?Themorepowertheyhave,themoretheyaspiretoit.Englishmajorsinnon-EnglishspeakingcountriesaspiretoabandontheirnativeaccentsandspeakpureEnglish.Whatdoyouaspireforatpresent?,gotoofar/carrysth.toofar:(p.33)gobeyondthelimitsofwhatisconsideredreasonable,Youhavegonetoofarinsayingthatyoudratherbreakwiththefamily.Gofar:1(ofperson)besuccessful;domuchHeiscleverandintelligent,andwillgofar.2(ofmoney)buygoods,services,etc.Ahundreddoesnotgosofarasitdidtenyearsago.（现在一百元不如十年前那么顶用了。）,Parallelism:themethodtoexpressideasofequalimportanceinthesameorsimilargrammaticalform.,Parallelismcanbeclassifiedintofivetypes,namelylistandseries,contrast,seriespluscontrast,choice,andcomparison.Hewouldstandbeforeus,puthishandsonhiswaistandtakeatremendousbreath.(series)p.19ThroughhimIdiscoveredthatthoughtisoftenfullofunconsciousprejudice,ignoranceandhypocrisy.(list)p.23,.,Tohearpeoplejustifytheirhabitofhuntingfoxesbyclaimingthatthefoxeslikedit.TohearourPrimeMinistertalkaboutthegreatbenefitweconferredonIndiabyjailingpeoplelikeGandhi.TohearAmericanpoliticianstalkaboutpeaceandrefusetojointheLeagueofNations.(list)p.25,Oraltopic1,Marriagebetweencollegestudentsshouldorshouldnotbeforbidden?,Oraltopic2,DoyouthinkInternetisolatespeopleorshortensthedistanceb