知识点梳理
整理教师:&&
举一反三（巩固练习，成绩显著提升，去）
根据问他()知识点分析，
试题“阅读短文，回答问题。地球的外衣从前，地球也常被石头砸（zá）...”，相似的试题还有：
地球的外衣从前，地球也常被石头砸疼。宇宙中飞舞着许许多多石头。&&&&&&&&&&& 有一次，地球对人们说：“给我做件外衣，让我不再被砸得这么疼，好吗？”&&&&&&& 玻璃工人忙碌起来，为地球做了一件透明的外衣。可是不&行，“乒哩乓啷”，玻璃外衣被石头砸得七孔八洞。大家发愁了，没主意了。&&&&&&&&&& “我来试试看。”卖气球的营业员说。他一个接一个，把气球里的气朝空中放。要买气球的顾客排起了长队，他也不管，只顾忙着放气，直到地球全身被裹上一件透明的空气外衣。&&&&&&&&&&& 大家都觉得空气外衣好：透过它，依然可以看得见太阳；宇宙中的石头——那些陨石呢，撞到空气外衣，就像火柴似的，自己燃烧完了。&&&&&&&&&&& 卖气球的营业员还给地球的空气外衣取了个名字，叫“大气层”。&1．给下面的词语各找一个意思相近的词语。&&&&& 忙碌——(&&&&&& )主意——(&&&&&& ) &2．给下面的句子换个说法。&&&&(1)地球也常被石头砸疼。&&&&&&&(2)玻璃外衣被石头砸得七孔八洞。&&&&3．这篇短文主要讲的是&&&4．选择填空。&&&&&&&&&&& 文章在介绍地球的外衣——大气层时，主要采用了&&&(比喻、拟人、排比、&&夸张)的修辞手法。
阅读文段，回答问题。一只老鼠刚钻(zuān&&zuàn)出洞口，两只猫同时逮住了它。白猫抓住鼠尾说是我先捉住这只鼠___应该归我享用___黑猫抓住鼠头说___你没看见我捉着鼠头吗___是我先击中(&zhōng&&zhòng)了它的要(yāo&&yào)害部位___两只猫争执不下___谁也不让谁___老鼠见(壮&&状)，忙对两只猫说：“反正我(已&&以)经被你俩抓住了，谁吃都一样，但为了使你俩不伤和(hé&&huó)气，是否先放我回洞里，让我重新钻出来，你俩(在&&再)抓，就能比出谁先抓到了。”两只猫同(义&&意)了，它俩一左一右守在洞口，几个时辰过去了，可惜它俩连老鼠的影子也没见到。1．用“＼”划出括号里不对的字或读音。2．给第二自然段加上标点。3．“争执不下”的意思是_______。用“______”画出两只猫争执不下的句子。4．为什么它俩连老鼠的影子也没见到。________________________________________5．给短文加个题目，写在开头的横线上。&________________________________________6．读了这篇短文，你有什么想法？________________________________________
阅读短文，并回答问题。盲道上的爱上班的时候，看见同事夏老师正搬走学校门口一辆辆停放在人行道上的自行车。我走过去，和她一道搬。我说：“车子放得这么乱，的确有碍观瞻。”她冲我笑了笑，说：“那是次要的，主要是侵占了盲道。”我不好意思地红了脸，说：“您瞧我，多无知。”夏老师说：“其实，我也是从无知过来的。两年前，我女儿视力急剧下降，到医院一检查，医生说视网膜出了问题，告诉我要有充足的心理准备。我不明白，问医生要有什么心理准备。医生说，当然是失明了。我听了差点死过去。我央求医生说：‘我女儿才二十几岁呀，没了眼睛怎么行？医生啊，求求你，把我的眼睛抠出来给我女儿吧！’那段时间，我真是做好了把双眼捐给女儿的充足心理准备。为了让自己适应失明以后的生活，我开始闭着眼睛沿着盲道往家走。那盲道，也就两砖宽，砖上有八道杠。一开始，我走得磕磕绊绊的，脚说什么也踩不准那两块砖。在回家的路上，石头绊倒过我，车子碰破过我，我多想睁开眼睛瞅瞅呀，可一想到有一天我将生活在彻底的黑暗里，我就硬是不叫自己睁眼。到后来，我在盲道上走熟了，脚竟认得了那八道杠！我真高兴，自己终于可以做个百分之百的盲人了！也就在这个时候，我女儿的眼病居然奇迹般地好了！有天晚上，我们一家人在街上散步，我让女儿解下她的围巾蒙住我的眼睛，我要给她和她爸表演一回走盲道。结果，我一直顺利地走到了家门前。解开围巾，看见走在后面的女儿和她爸都哭成了泪人……你说，在这一条条盲道上，该发生过多少叫人流泪动心的故事啊。要是这条人间最苦的道连最起码的畅通都不能保证，那不是咱明眼人的耻辱吗？”带着夏老师讲述的故事◇我开始深情地关注那条◇人间最苦的道◇国内的◇国外的◇江南的◇塞北的◇我向每一条畅通的盲道问好，我弯腰捡起盲道上碍脚的石子。有时候，我一个人走路，我就跟自己说：喂，闭上眼睛，你也试着走一回盲道吧。尽管我的脚不认得那八道杠，但是，那硌脚的感觉那样真切地瞬间从足底传到了心间。我明白，有一种挂念深深嵌入了我的生命。痛与爱纠结着，压迫我的心房。让那条窄路宽心地延伸。我替他们谢谢你。1．给文章第3自然段加上恰当的标点。2．为什么女儿和父亲都哭成了泪人？请选出正确的一项(　　)A．他们心疼夏老师。B．夏老师取得成功，他们很激动。C．被那种无私而崇高的亲情所感动。D．为夏老师的付出而高兴。3．文中说“这条人间最苦的道”是指什么？为什么说是最苦的？__________________________________________________________________4．文中最后说：“我明白，有一种挂念深深嵌入了我的生命”，这种挂念是什么？__________________________________________________________________欢迎来到高考学习网，
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& 2015届全国高考英语短文改错及阅读理解训练（5）
2015届全国高考英语短文改错及阅读理解训练（5）
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无锡市2015高考英语短文改错及阅读理解训练（5） （答案）
Snow came a bit later this year than usually. After school, we took a bus to go back home in noon. On the way, we were attracted by the amazing scenery — trees, houses, and even cars were covered with purely white snow. How desperately we want to play in the snow! However, when we got off the bus, we immediately ran to a square nearby to enjoy the very spirits what the snow brought us. Despite the cold weather, we had a great fun playing with the snow. Many passer-by watched us laughing and playing, with smiles on his faces. Occupying with our study every day, we would like to regard it a refreshing experience for us all.
【参考答案】4.
Snow came a bit later this year than usually. After school, we took a bus to go back
home in noon. On the way, we were attracted by the amazing scenery — trees, houses,
and even cars were covered with purely white snow. How desperately we want to play
in the snow! However, when we got off the bus, we immediately ran to a square nearby
to enjoy the very spirits what the snow brought us. Despite the cold weather, we had
a great fun playing with the snow. Many passer-by watched us laughing and playing,
passers-by
with smiles on his faces. Occupying with our study every day, we would like to regard
it ∧ a refreshing experience for us all.
短文改错 （共10分,每小题1分，满分10分）
该自我介绍中共有十处错误,每句中最多有两处,错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（＾）, 并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改： 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2、只允许修改十处, 多者(从第11处起) 不计分。
Last Sunday afternoon, I was shopping in the market while I met with one of my old friend,
Wang Li. She was working as a employee there. We have not seen each other for ten years. We talked happily the past times when we studied together. She told me that she had married with a man in her village and lived a poor life. And she was very regretfully that she hadn’t studied hard at
school. She then told me to value the precious time but tried to go to college to achieve her dream.
When I returned home that day, I thought a lot and promised that I would live in to my parents’
expectations.
【参考答案】6
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^）。并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（/）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不记分。
One rainy day while I was walking home with one of my friend, a truck came to a stop besides us. The driver put the window down and offered us a umbrella because he found we were wet through. I stood there and couldn’t believe in that a complete stranger is so thoughtful. The man insisted, so I grateful accepted the offer, thanked him and watched the truck disappear down the road. This man might need the umbrella himself, and he preferred to give it to everyone else. It was a lesson to us that it was possible give without expect anything in return.
【参考答案】1.
One rainy day while I was walking home with one of my friend, a truck came to a stop
besides us. The driver put the window down and offered us a umbrella because he found
we were wet through. I stood there and couldn’t believe in that a complete stranger is
so thoughtful. The man insisted, so I grateful accepted the offer, thanked him and watched
gratefully
the truck disappear down the road. This man might need the umbrella himself, and he
preferred to give it to everyone else. It was a lesson to us that it was possible∧give without
expect anything in return.
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线（___），并在该词下面写出修改的词。注意: 1. 每处错误及修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
We are going to take the College Entrance Exams in more than two months. Therefore, many students still don’t know how to balance their study, rest and physical exercises while preparing for the Exams. They usually devote too much time to go over their lessons, what results in poor health and low efficiency of learning.
As the proverb goes, early to bed and early to rise make a man healthy, wealthy and wise. We’d better leave us enough time to rest and sleep since it enables us learn our lessons more efficient. What’s more, a strong and healthy body is the base for our further study, future work and creative activities.
In brief, as we are preparing to the Exams, don’t forget that rest, exercise and study were equally important.
【参考答案】5.
We are going to take the College Entrance Exams in more than two months.
Therefore(However), many students still don’t know how to balance their study, rest and physical exercises(exercise) while preparing for the Exams. They usually devote too much time to go(going) over their lessons, what(which) results in poor health and low efficiency of learning.
As the proverb goes, early to bed and early to rise make(makes) a man healthy, wealthy and wise. We’d better leave us(ourselves) enough time to rest and sleep since it enables us (加to)learn our lessons more efficient(efficiently). What’s more, a strong and healthy body is the base for our further study, future work and creative activities.
In brief, as we are preparing to(for) the Exams, don’t forget that rest, exercise and study were(are )equally important.
6.短文改错
下列文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（八），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Many teachers worried about the effects of television on young people． According to studies, any children spend more time watching television than they spend in school． Because so much viewing, children may not be develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves． No one worries much about the radio pro{;ram young people listen to, although radios can be very noise．Teachers also wonder about the effects of television commercials． On one year the average child will see 25,000 television commercials, all planned and written by grown - ups to make children to want things that they don't real need．
Many teachers∧worried /about the effects of television on young people.According to
Worry/are worried
studies, any children spend more time watching television than they spend in school． Many/some
Because∧so much viewing, children may not be develop the habit of read and the ability
to enjoy themselves．No one worries much about the radio proram young people
listen to, although radios can be very noise．Teachers also wonder about the effects of noisy
television commercials． On one year the average child will see 25,000 television commercials, all planned and written by grown - ups to make children to want things
that they don't real need．eally
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Are you tired of looking for love in all the usual places? Nowadays, millions of lonely singles are going online instead. The World Wide Web is quickly becoming the world’s most popular matchmaker. With so many singles online, dozens of dating sites like Yahoo Personals and Match. com are helping singles find that special someone. Around the world, from America to China, love is now very much online.
Singles are flocking to the Internet mainly because their busy lifestyles leave them little time to look for a significant partner. Using dating sites is quick and convenient. They can “meet” a lot more people online than they could by hanging out at a club. Besides , many singles say the regular dating scene has just led them from one bad experience to another and are ready to try something else. They also appreciate the first distance of online dating, which allows them to hide themselves until they are ready to meet someone face to face. Dating sites also make it easy to avoid someone you are not interested in. In the real world, however, ignoring someone you don’t like can be awkward.
Despite all the advantages, online dating also presents its own set of problems. People aren’t always who they claim to be in their online profiles. For instance, someone who tells you he is “handsome, successful and single”might turn out to be homely, unemployed and married. Safety is another concern. You are just as likely to find a criminal online as you are Mr or Miss Right.
Even so, supporters of online dating see things in a positive way. In their opinion, singles can safely play the online dating game with a little common sense. Online dating experts recommend following a few safety tips:
Guard your personal information. Never give out your personal information online. This includes your last name, phone number, home address and place of work.
Watch for red flags. Do any of the people you are chatting with make disrespectful comments? Do they try to control you? Do they give false information about themselves? If so, forget them!
Meet in a safe place. When meeting someone in person, choose a public location with other people around.
Following these tips and you might be able to find the person of your dreams.
1. According to the passage, many lonely singles don’t appreciate the regular dating scene because it is ______.　
A. unpopular　　　　B. troublesome　　　　C. convenient　　　　D. forgettable
2. This passage is mainly about______.　
A. getting tired of falling in love in a usual way
B. people with false information on the Internet
C. new technology to find love through the Internet
D. web sites such as Yahoo Personals and Match. com
3. Which of the following is NOT a suitable place for meeting someone you get to know through the Internet for the first time according to the text?
A. At his/her house.　　　　B. At a museum.　　　　C. At McDonald’s.　　　　D. At a bookstore.
4. From this passage, we can infer that______.　
A. there are mostly homely and unemployed people online
B. the police had better find criminals online
C. we can find love only through the dating sites
D. following safety tips can ensure a safe online dating experience
【参考答案】20.BCAD 　　
Decision- making under Stress
A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative(负面的) consequences of a decision.
The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.
“Stress affects how people learn, ”says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress. ”
For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images (影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in
in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn’t gone through the stress.
This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress—at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also less easily recalled.
The research also found that stress appears to affect decision- making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.
Men who had been stressed by the cold- water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk- taking can pay off big, men m when caution weighs more, however, women will win.
This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.
1. We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to　　　.　
A. keep rewards better in their memory
B. recall consequences more effortlessly
C. make risky decisions more frequently
D. learn a subject more effectively
2. According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their　　　.　
A. ways of making choices　　　　　　　　
B. preference for pleasure　　　　　　　　　
C. tolerance of punishments　　　　　　　
D. responses to suggestions
3. The research has proved that in a stressful situation,　　　.　
A. women find it easier to fall into certain habits
B. men have a greater tendency to slow down
C. women focus more on outcomes
D. men are more likely to take risks
【参考答案】　40.AAD　　
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