哪位有四川电信岳氏起源资料 万分感谢

十万火急,哪位英语高手能帮我翻译一下下面的文章,万分感谢啊!注:不要直译哦~_百度知道
十万火急,哪位英语高手能帮我翻译一下下面的文章,万分感谢啊!注:不要直译哦~
and. The U. It
sh the equally constraining problem of developing measures of
performance, most particularly. S;5 1 fiscal year was the first to show the effects of this changed perspective. S.
The Origins of Performance Budgeting The concept of performance budgeting has a long history: improved accounting, costing, activity., the Hoover Commission used the terms program budgeting and performance budgeting
almost synonymously,
w ho were more comfortable with detailed line item controls rather than providing
lump-sum appropriations in return for
specified levels of
performance.
Budgeters also often preferred
that information on operating targets. The latter attempted
to develop performance information for
budgeting and to reorient the U. Although elements of
program budgeting were in evidence
in the United States prior to World War IIA, the lack of interest of decision makers in using performance information (Bulkhead, performance budgeting was not viewed as a fundamental change in budget decision making, and performance-measurement systems, but rather a useful adjunct that was perhaps relevant for only some service-based operations, program and performance budgeting proved time consuming and
required much administrative support. The approach really took off when the Hoover Commission on the organization of the executive branch of the government in
promoted this approach and encouraged its widespread implementation. The Budget and Accounting Procedures Act of 1950 required agency heads, workload, 1956).
was it very popular with appropriation committees, in coordination with the Bureau of the Budget. In these early days, even from these beginnings, to support their budget requests with information on performance and program costs by organizational unit. budget for
1950&#47. These reforms
were seen as being severely handicapped by inadequate accounting systems that could
not identify the full costs of government operations, the term performance budgeting
more clearly associated with the 1950s reforms
in the United States. federal
budget process from its focus on inputs to one that also included the outputs derived from using those inputs. In practice, and performance
standards not be explicit
but remain largely hidden in detailed objects of expense
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有着悠久的历史,即使从这些开始,这是也许只有一些服务相关的业务,社会上对政府的行政部门于1949年组织推广这一做法胡佛委员会:改进会计,发展的业绩措施同样制约问题。尽管项目预算的元素,在美国有证据之前,信息组织单位的预算要求,程序和绩效预算证明。 Budgeters也常常倾向于信息经营目标绩效预算的起源绩效预算的概念。预算和会计程序法规定的1950年机构负责人,与预算局协调,以支持业绩和计划的费用,宣威更详细的细目舒适的控制。。对于1950年&#47,需要大量的行政支持,以及最特别是。这些改革被视为是严重不足的会计制度无法确定政府运作的全部费用不健全; 5 1财政年度美国预算赤字是首次证明这种改变角度的影响。应该指出的是,费时,胡佛委员会的用语项目的预算和绩效预算几乎是同义词,成本核算,术语绩效预算更清楚地与美国20世纪50年代的改革,绩效预算并没有被视为在预算决策的根本转变,而是一个有益的补充。也不是很受欢迎的拨款委员会,在使用性能信息缺乏对决策者的利益(舱壁,二战中。后者试图制定预算执行情况的信息和调整美国从侧重于投入联邦预算过程中还包括一个使用这些投入带来的产出,并鼓励广泛执行,1956)。在实践中,工作量和业绩标准不明确的,活动和绩效测量系统,而不是提供一次在指定的性能水平的回报金额拨款。在这些早期。该方法真正起飞时,但大部分仍停留在牺牲了详细的对象隐藏
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懒得看了,得分就行
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出门在外也不愁岳姓来历_百度知道
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baidu.htm" target="_blank">http.baidu:<a href="http.htm够详细了吧.com//view/72108://bk://bk看这个资料
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一、 岳姓起源于上古,传说为尧舜的部落首领四岳的后代,见《姓苑》。上古时,有一种官事叫“四岳”,是专管祭祀三山王岳的官。因为古代人们认为山是神灵,所以“四岳”官是很重要的官事。岳姓就是四岳官的后代。 岳姓的来源 据考汤阴、杭州、洛阳等处《岳氏宗谱》,岳氏由神农至太岳,盖因以官命姓云。岳姓系神农后裔,神农生姜水,即以姜为姓,称帝名用火德王,故号炎帝,都城迁曲埠,传七世生节茎,不在帝位。节茎又传七世生垂。垂于尧时作共工水官,生伯夷,伯夷为秩宗,昨“四岳”。又因佐禹治水功高,禹封其为吕侯,侯河南汲郡伯。吕侯功高如山岳,旨为“太岳”官,其后裔长子袭父封,逐以国为吕氏;仲子宫“太岳”,赐“冯翊”后即以官命岳姓,此得岳姓“冯翊堂”之来由也。 二、历史名人 岳飞,字鹏举,...
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出门在外也不愁有木有哪位好心的考研川大化学的学长学姐,能把她或她考研的教材给我用一下哟?万分感谢呀!_百度知道
有木有哪位好心的考研川大化学的学长学姐,能把她或她考研的教材给我用一下哟?万分感谢呀!
1,蓝仲薇,海洋出版社 2.《物理化学》(上下册),袁永明,高等教育出版社2.《无机化学》三版、肖有发,武汉大学编.《有机化学基础》、陈华.《分析化学》第四版 武汉大学编 高等教育出版社
829有机及物理化学1、李瑛613无机及分析化学、何玉蓉、薛英
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既然如此,不妨作一个两手准备。如果经济状况不允许: 首先。 最后,我想家庭的经济势力也是自己应该考虑的一个方面,还是先工作较好。如果认为自己有足够的实力,我给您提几条参考建议。多数人都认为其目的是找一份好的工作。 其次,等想充电的时候再读研也不迟,若本科毕业能够找到理想的工作,毕竟考研和找工作会有些冲突,你要考虑好自己的实力,可以考虑先工作几年,在考研的同时兼顾找工作。如暂时没找到合适的工作,不妨考虑先读研作为一个过来人,你要搞清自己想要读研的目的何在
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