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, 1 June 2007, Pages 57–73
Sorption of arsenic, cadmium, and lead by chars produced from fast pyrolysis of wood and bark during bio-oil production, , , , , , , , , , , , , , a Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39761, USAb David C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39761, USAc Department of Chemistry, Washington & Jefferson College, Washington, PA 15301, USAd Department of Chemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USAe Forest Products Department, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USAf Departamento de Qu&mica Inorg&nica, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spaing Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USAh Environmental Chemistry Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Post Box No. 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, IndiaBio-char by-products from fast wood/bark pyrolyses, were investigated as adsorbents for the removal of the toxic metals (As3+, Cd2+, Pb2+) from water. Oak bark, pine bark, oak wood, and pine wood chars were obtained from fast pyrolysis at 400 and 450&&C in an auger-fed reactor and characterized. A commercial activated carbon was also investigated for comparison. Chars were sieved (&600, 600&250, 250&177, 177&149, and &149 μm) and the particle size fraction from 600 to 250 μm was used without further modification for all studies unless otherwise stated. Sorption studies were performed at different temperatures, pHs, and solid to liquid ratios in the batch mode. Maximum adsorption occurred over a pH range 3&4 for arsenic and 4&5 for lead and cadmium. Kinetic studies yielded an optimum equilibrium time of 24 h with an adsorbent dose of 10 g/L and concentration &100 mg/L for lead and cadmium. Sorption isotherms studies were conducted in broad concentration ranges (1&1000 ppb for arsenic, 1&10&5&5&10&3&M1&10&5&5&10&3&M for lead and cadmium). Oak bark out-performed the other chars and nearly mimicked Calgon F-400 adsorption for lead and cadmium. In an aqueous lead solution with initial concentration of 4.8&10&4&M4.8&10&4&M, both oak bark and Calgon F-400 (10 g/L) removed nearly 100% of the heavy metal. Oak bark (10 g/L) also removed about 70% of arsenic and 50% of cadmium from aqueous solutions. Varying temperatures (e.g., 5, 25, and 40&&C) were used to determine the effect of temperatures. The equilibrium data were modeled with the help of Langmuir and Freundlich equations. Overall, the data are well fitted with both the models, with a slight advantage for Langmuir model. The oak bark char's ability to remove Pb(II) and Cd(II) is remarkable when considered in terms of the amount of metal adsorbed per unit surface area (0.5157 mg/m2 for Pb(II) and 0.213 mg/m2 for Cd(II) versus that of commercial activated carbon.Byproduct chars from bio-oil production might be used as plentiful inexpensive adsorbents for water treatment at a value above their pure fuel value. The oak bark char's ability to remove Pb(II) and Cd(II) is remarkable when considered in terms of the amount of metal adsorbed per unit surface area [0.516 mg/m2 for Pb(II) and 0.213 mg/m2 for Cd(II)] versus that of commercial activated carbon [0.031 mg/m2 for Pb(II) and 0.008 mg/m2 for Cd(II)].KeywordsBio-oil char; Activated carbon; Arsenic; Cadmium; Lead; Adsorption; Metals removal; Bio-oils; Bio chars; Adsorption; Water treatment
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新超导体的第一性原理计算研究.pdf96页
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隶劫大◆孥
博士学位论文
新超导体的第一性原理计算研究
研基金 批准号：座机电话号码044 和江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划 批准号：
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ABSTRACT。
第一章绪论
1．1研究背景………………………………………………………………………．．1
1．1．1铁基新超导材料LaoFe舢系列的实验研究背景…………………．1
1．1．2铁基氟化物新超导材料SrFeAsF系列的实验研究背景…………。5
1．1．3铁基超导材料的理论研究背景………………………………………．7
p型烧绿石氧化物超导体系列介绍…………………………………1
1．2论文工作………………………………………………………………………14。
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