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＞＞＞I really want to know _______. [ ]A. what is wrong with my..
I really want to know _______.
A. what is wrong with my brother B. how will he go to Beijing tomorrow C. if had he bought that car D. where did he go yesterday
题型：单选题难度：中档来源：甘肃省中考真题
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据魔方格专家权威分析，试题“I really want to know _______. [ ]A. what is wrong with my..”主要考查你对&&宾语从句&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：
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宾语从句：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。宾语从句连接代词主要有：who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever 等。 宾语从句的特点:1.宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。2.宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。3.连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份，多数情况下可以省略。4.whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句，但 whether后可紧跟or not；whether从句可作介词的宾语。5.如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it.
宾语从句的时态:1.主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.2.主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.3.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.4.&如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。&宾语从句的语序:A. 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。 　　 False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job. 　　 Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. B. 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。 　　　 Bad: I thought that he could finish this　job in just two hours impossible. 　　 Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two&hours.　&C. 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。 Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher. 　　 Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.&D.&&主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态。 False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner. 　　 Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner
宾语从句的否定转移: 主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等。并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party. 我认为他不会来我的舞会. I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? 我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是? 如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式。We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he? 我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课，是不是? 宾语从句中引导词的用法比较在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if代词：who, whose, what ,which副词：when ,where, how, why 等。（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）1.可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。例句：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.2.在以下情况中that不能省略a.当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.b.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.c.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。例句：I can’t tell him that his mother died.d.注:许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.（二）由whether,if 引导的宾语从句1.由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.2.只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句a.在带to的不定式前例句：We decided whether to walk there.b.在介词的后面例句：I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.c.在动词后面的宾语从句时例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next weekd.直接与or not连用时例句：I can’t say whether or not thet can come on time.3.只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句a.if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.b.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时例句：He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.c.引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.
if,whether在宾语从句中的区别 a.if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if b.少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.&c. whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. d.在不定式前只能用whether. （如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。） e.避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。1.英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?2.英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.简化宾语从句常用六法：方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.→Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window.→She has forgotten how to open the window.注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ →Could you tell me how to get to the station？方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. → The headmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：He insisted that he should go with us.→He insisted on going with us.The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born.→The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如：Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.→ Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win.除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →I found it difficult to learn English well.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. →Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy&
发现相似题
与“I really want to know _______. [ ]A. what is wrong with my..”考查相似的试题有：
14444631345429250731868287483100975定語從句有關知識是什麼？
定語從句有關知識是什麼？
英語定語從句
where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
　 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
　 例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
　 A. where　
　 B. that　
　 C. on which　
　 D. the one
　 例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
　 A. where　
　 B. that　
　 C. on which　　
　 D. the one　 答案：例1 D，例2 A
　 例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
　 例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
　　在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
　　而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
　　关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 （ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语） 。
　 IV. 限制性和非限制性定语从句
　 1） 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：
　 This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
　 The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
　 2） 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：
　 Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理?史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
　 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.　我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
　 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
　 3） 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：
　 He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
　 Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
　 说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
　 V. 介词+关系词
　 1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
　 2）that前不能有介词。
　 3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的&介词+关系词&结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如：
　 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。
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其他回答 (2)
定语从句并不属于中考范围，但由于作者在多年的教学中体会到，这一语法现象影响了许多学生自学英语。这些学生一般是成绩较好的学生，想进行大量阅读来提高自己的英语水平，但总是碰到一些问题，百思不得其解。苦于自己的水平只限于初中水平，无法提高，但各种补习班又都是为一些水平较差的学生开设的，所以又投师无门。为了解决这部分学生的学习困难，也为那些有志青年铺平学习上的道路，特用这一节讲述定语从句，不是从语法上讲述，而是从阅读理解方面去讲述。可供同学们在学习时参考。这会对你的英语学习起到事半功倍的作用。?
　　对于形容词我们已十分熟悉了，如： a good book， 形容词 good 用来修饰书 book。 我们也可以用一个句子来修饰名词，这种句子叫做形容词性从句，它起修饰名词的作用，又被叫做定语从句(The attributive clause)。但有一点不同的是这个从句不是像形容词那样放于名词前，而是放在名词之后。它所修饰的名词又被叫作先行词，如： Do you know the scientist who gave us the talk this afternoon? 这句中的主句是 Do you know the scientist? (你知道那位科学家吗?)而 who gave us the talk this afternoon (他今天下午给我们作的报告。)是定语从句。所以这两句话合为一体即是：你认识今天下午给我们作报告的那位科学家吗?这里 scientist 叫作先行词，而 who 叫作定语从句的引导词。 who 在定语从句中起主语的作用， who 的数与它的先行词相同。又如： You must do everything that I do? 这里先行词是 everything， 而 that I do 是定语从句，此句应译为：你必须作我所作的一切。that 叫作定语从句的引导词，在句中作 do 的宾语。
　　引导定语从句的引导词有关系代词： that， which， who， whom， whose 和关系副词 when， where， why， how。不论关系代词还是关系副词，都应放于先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，但它们都要在定语从句中起语法作用，充当一个成份。如关系代词在定语从句中不是作主语便是作宾语，而关系副词则是作状语。我们先来看关系代词的用法。①　that 的先行词可以是人也可以是物。如： A plane is a machine that can fly? 这里先行词是 machine 而 that 是关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。这句译为：飞机是一种会飞的机器。又如： I like the book (that) you lent me yesterday? 这里先行词是 book， 关系代词用 that， 它在定语从句中作 lend (借)的宾语。要注意的是关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，即： I like the book you lent me yesterday?②　which 关系代词的先行词只能是物。它在定语从句中作主语或宾语，如： The book shop is a shop which sells books? 这里 shop 是先行词， which 在从句中作主语。又如： The book (which) I read last night was wonderful? 这里主句是 The book was wonderful
而定语从句是修饰主句的主语 book， 即我昨晚读的那本书，which 在定语从句中作 read 的宾语，可以省略。?③　who， whom， whose? who 在定语从句中作主语， whom 是 who 的宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，而 whose 则是形容词性物主代词，在从句中作定语，如：The man who visited our school yesterday is an American friend? 昨天参观我们学校的人是一位美国朋友。 Who 在定语从句中作主语。又如： Who's that woman (whom) you just talked to ? 你刚才与之谈话的那个女人是谁?而 whom 作定语从句中介词 to 的宾语，可以省略，而在现代英语中，句首的 whom 也常常可用 who代替。?This is our classmate， Mary， whose home is not far from our school? 这是我们的同学玛丽，她的家离我们学校不远。?为了便于理解，我们来看看是如何将两句话并为一句话的。?
　　１．　 I saw the man.? He closed the door??
　　I saw the man who (that) closed the door?
　　2．　 The girl is happy? She won the race??
　　The girl who won the race is happy?
　　3．　 The students are from China? They sit in the front row??
　　The students who sit in the front row are from China?
　　(要注意的是先行词是 students 则 who 的数也应看作复数。)?
　　4．　 We are studying sentences? They contain adjective dause??
　　We are studying sentences that (which) contain adjective dause? ?
　　5．　 The taxi driver was friendly? He took me to the airport??
　　The taxi driver who took me to the airport was friendly? ?
　　6．　 The book was good? I read it??
　　The book that I read was good??
　　The book I read was good? ?
　　7．　 The people were very nice? We visited them yesterday??
　　The people we visited yesterday were very nice?
　　8．　 The man called the police? His wallet was stolen??
　　The man whose wallet was stolen called the police?
　　9．　 I come from a country? Its history goes back thousands of years??
　　I come from a country whose history goes back thousands of years?
　　10．　 I have to call the man? I picked up his umbrella after the meeting??
　　I have to call the man whose umbrella I picked up after the meeting?
　　关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：
　　That was the room in which we had lived for ten years? 或可以写作：
　　That was the room which we had lived in for ten years??
　　He was the man whom(who) you were looking for? 要注意的是此句的关系代词 whom 可以用主格取代，而 look for 是短语动词也不可将 for 放于定语从句之前。that 作关系代词作介词宾语时，不能紧跟介词，而只能将介词置于定语从句的后面。如： The man that we were talking about has come to our school? 这时不可用 about that … 请看下面例句：?
　　1．　 The meeting was interesting? I went to it??
　　The meeting that I went to was interesting? ?
　　2．　 The man was very kind? I talked to him yesterday??
　　The man who I talked to yesterday was very kind?
　　3．　 I must thank the people? I got a present from him??
　　I must thank the people who I got a present from?
　　4．　 The picture was beautiful? She was looking at it??
　　The picture that (which) she was looking at was beautiful?
　　5．　 The man is standing over there? I told you about him??
　　The man who I told you about is standing over there?
　　除关系代词外，还有关系副词， when， where， why， 其中 when用来指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。如： I never forget the day when I first came to the Great Wall? 而 where 则指地点，如： This is the house where the old man lives? 请看下面例句：
　　1．　 The city was beautiful? We spent our vacation there??
　　The city where we spent our vacation was beautiful?
　　2．　 That is the restaurant? I will meet you there??
　　That is the restaurant where I will meet you?
　　3．　 The town is small? I grew up there??
　　The town where I grew up is small?
　　4．　 That is the drawer? I keep my newpapers there??
　　That is the drawer where I keep my newspapers?
　　5．　 Monday is the day? We will come then??
　　Monday is the day? When we will came?
　　6．　 ７∶０５ is the time My plane arrives then??
　　７∶０５ is the time when my plane arrives?
　　7．　 １９６０ is the year? The revolution took place then??
　　１９６０ is the year when the revolution took place?
　　8．　 July is the month? The weather is usually the hottest then??
　　July is the month when the weather is usually the hottest? ?
　　在定语从句中又可分为两大类定语从句，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。?
　　①　限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉的话，主句的意思就不完整，意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词，如：?I was the only person in my office who was invited??
　　②　非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对其附加说明，也就是讲即便去掉定语从句，句意也不受影响，仍然清晰明了。这样的定语从句要在它和主句之间加一逗号分开。且关系代词不引导这种非限制性定语从句，如： Abraham Lincoln， who led the United States through these years， was shot on April １４，　１８６５ at a theatre in washington? Ｄ．　Ｃ．　又如：Galileo lived in the city of Pisa， where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high???
　　（二） 正误辨析 ?
　　［误］ I won't tell you the name of the person who teach me English? ?
　　［正］ I won't tell you the name of the person who teaches me English? ?
　　［析］ 在定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，从它本身看不出其数的形式，这时要由它的先行词决定。这里who 应由 the person 单数决定，应该用单数谓语动词。又如：I who am a student? want to find a spare time job?这里的 who 应与 I 是一致的，所以其谓语动词应该用am。?
　　［误］ We talked about the things and the people who we met during the Second World War? ?
　　［正］ We talked about the things and the people that we met during the Second World War? ?
　　［析］ 这里的关系代词不要用 who， 因为其先行词有两个一个是 things (物)，而另一个是people (人)，这时既不可用 who， 又不可用 which， 因前者只能用于先行词是人的情况下，而后者则用于先行词是物的情况下，所以只能用 that， 因为它的先行词既可以是人又可以是物。?
　　［误］ The book， that I bought yesterday， was very good?
　　［正］ The book， which I bought yesterday， was very good? ?
　　［析］ 先行词与定语从句被逗号分割开来时，即作为非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中 which， when， who， whom， where， when， whose 等都可以和限制性定语从句中的作用一样，而独有 that 不易用于非限制性定语从句。?
　　［误］ The dictionary which I lent it yesterday is a very useful tool? ?
　　［正］ The dictionary which I lent yesterday is a very useful tool? ?
　　［析］ 关系代词在定语从句中是要起语法作用的，它不是作主语就是作宾语。虽然在作宾语时它的位置由原来的宾语位置移到了句首，但它的作用依然存在，而且在原宾语位置上不能再出现宾语。?
　　［误］ The teacher I want to learn English from is the one which comes from America
　　［正］ The teacher I want to learn English from is the one who comes from America
　　［析］ the one， anyone， those 作代词并且是指某人、物时，其关系代词不能用 which 应用 who。?
　　［误］ This is the room in that the old man lives? ?
　　［正］ This is the room in which the old man lives? ?
　　［正］ This is the room which the old man lives in? ?
　　［正］ This is the room that the old man lives in? ?
　　［析］ that 不能紧跟在介词后作介词宾语，但如果介词不前置仍放于句尾，则可用 that 作引导词，而且可以省略。如： This is the room the old man lives in??
　　［误］ I can do everything which is good for you? ?
　　［正］ I can do everything that is good for you? ?
　　［析］ 在先行词是 all， much， little， something， everything， anything， nothing， none， the one 等不定代词时，虽然它们指的是物体，但不要用 which 而用 that 作定语从句的引导词。?
　　［误］ The only thing which the students can do is studying hard? ?
　　［正］ The only thing that the students can do is studying hard? ?
　　［析］ 在先行词前有 only， any， few， little， no， all， one of 等词修饰时，虽然先行词指的是物，也不要用 which 作关系代词，而要用 that。?
　　［误］ This is the first American film which I've ever seen? ?
　　［正］ This is the first American film that I've ever seen? ?
　　［析］ 在先行词是序数词，或由序数词修饰时，其关系代词不可用 which? 这样的用法还有在形容词最高级修饰的先行词之后，如： This is the best book that I have ever seen
　　［误］ He is from Africa, that we can see from the colour of the skin? ?
　　［正］ He is from Africa, as we can see from the colour of the skin? ?
　　［析］ 当 as 或 which 引导非限制性定语从句时，它可能没有明确的先行词，它们所指代的是前面整个句子。如例题应译为他是从非洲来这个事情是可以从其肤色上看出的。
定语从句由关系代词who、whom、whose、which、what、as和关系副词where、when、why等引导，但须记住： 1.what不能引导定语从句. 2.关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。 一.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that. 试分析： The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist. Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing . The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster. （=The man who/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.）注： A． 指人时有时只用who不宜用that。 1．先行词为one、ones或anyone （1）The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard. （2）Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. 2．先行词为these时 These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school. 3．在there be 开头的句子中 There is a student who wants to see you. 4．一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who，以免重复。 The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards. 5．在非限制性定语从句中 A。I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from Japan. B．主句以who开头的句子中,只用that,不用who。 二．指物的关系代词有which、whose(=of which)、that. 试分析： 1. I like the books which / that were written by Lu Xun. 2. The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good. 3. This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.) 4. I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I live in the room ,the windows of which face south.) 注： A. 介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时，只能用whom、 which不能用who或that. (1). The girl about whom they were talking is our monitor. (2). The book in which there are many interesting things was written by Li Ming. B. 部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开，在定语从句中其介词不可前置，只能放在其动词之后。 Is this the book which she is looking for? The old man who/whom they are waiting for is Professor Li. The child who/whom she is looking after is Wang Ping’s son. C． 指物时，下列情况下只能用that ，不宜用which。 （1）先行词为不定代词，如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、the one等。 We are willing to do anything that is good to the people. I have told them all (that) I know. All that can be done has been done. （2）先行词是序数词或被序数词、修饰时。 The first book that I read last night was an English novel. （3）先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时。 This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen. This is the best that can be done now. （4）如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时(先行词既有人又有物)，定语从句的关系代词用which和who都不合适，只能用that。 We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about. There are sheep and men that can be seen on the hill. （5）如果先行词被the only、the very、the last、the same、any、 few 、little、no、 all 、one of、 just修饰时。 This is the only book that can be lent to you. （6）当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时，关系代词只用that。 Which is the dictionary that he used yesterday ? D．只物时，下列情况下只能用which，不宜用that。 （1）关系代词放在介词之后 This is the factory in which we once worked. （2）非限制性定语从句中 This is the book, which is written by Lu Xun. （3）that，Those作主语时 Those which are on the desk are English books. E．先行词前有such、the same、 as时, 关系代词用as，不用that, 但the same…as…表示同样的, the same…that…表示同一的 He knows as many people as are present at the meeting. Such people as you refer to are rare nowadays. 三．比较When/which、where /which、why. which I still never forget. This is the day when I joined the party. which he spent reading the books. where I found the book. which makes machines. This is the place which we once visited. which I will never forget. which I am looking for. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别： 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 All the students who study hard have passed.学习努力的学生都考试及格了。(只有努力的及格了，不努力的没及格。) All the students ,who study hard have passed.所有的学生都及格了，他们学习努力。（没有人不及格，这些学生都很努力。） 从句是先行词不可缺少的定语（如去掉，主句意思就不完整或不正确。） 从句是对先行词的附加说明（如去掉，主句意思仍清楚，不受影响。） 与主句关系密切，不用逗号 与主句关系不十分密切，用逗号与主句隔开译为汉语时，从句译在先行词前，与先行词用“的”连接 译为汉语时，从句放在主句后面关系代词that可以代替who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 关系代词不用that,只用who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 关系代词代替宾语时可以省略 关系代词不能省略关系代词as和which 先研究下面两个例句： ○1.This elephant is like a snake, as /which everybody can see. =As everybody can see, this elephant is like a snake. 任何人都看得出来，这头象像条蛇。 ○2.Tom didn’t pass the physics exam, which made his parents very angry. Tom物理考试不及格，这使得他父亲很生气。 这两个例句中，as和which所代表的都是整个主句所表示的内容。但有两点不同之处： 1． 在形式上as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面。 2． 在意义上，as引导的定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系，常译为“正如……”，“就像……”，而which引导的定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系，或which引导的定语从句是对主句的评论。因此，在意思通顺的情况下，which可代替as，而as许多时候不能代替which，如句○2。再如： 1．He was late again, as / which we had expected. =As we had expected, he was late again. 正如我们所料，他又迟到了。/他又迟到了这是我们早就料到的。 2． The street hasn’t been cleared for weeks, which makes it very dirty. 街道好多星期没有打扫了，因此整条街很脏。（不用as） 3．The young man cheated his friend of much money, which was disgraceful. 那年轻人诈骗了他朋友许多钱财，这是不光彩的。（不 用as） 4．He takes exercise everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health. 他每天运动，这对他的身体很有好处。（不用as） 5．As has already been pointed out, English is rather difficult for a foreigner. 正如已经指出的那样，英语对于初学者说，是相当难学的。在such…as…、the same…as…、 as…、 as many…/much as…等结构中,as不能用which代替。如： 1.Such books as this are too difficult for beginners. 这样的书对于初学的人来说是太难了。 =Books such as this are … =Books like this are … 2.I live in the same building as he (does). 我和他住再同一座大楼里。 3.He knows as many people as are present at the meeting. 他认识所有到会的人。 4.That day we all got up early as usual. 那天我们和平时一样，都起得很早。 “One of the +复数名词”后面定语从句中谓语单复数情况 这一结构后面的定语从句的谓语动词通常用复数形式，跟定语从句所靠近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。如： 1． That is one of the books that are required for study at school. 2． This is one of the most wonderful novels that have been published since 1990. 3． She is one of the few persons who know Spanish . 4． This is one of the most famous plays that were written in the thirties, 如果one of +复数名词这一结构前面带有the only、the very之类的限定语，后面定语从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式，这是因为定语从句在意义上修饰的是而不是那个复数名词。如： 1.He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.( 修饰the only one) He is one of the teachers who know French in our school.( 修饰the teachers) 2.This is the only one of the rooms that is free now. (修饰the only one) This is one of the rooms that are free now. (修饰rooms) as与which引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。 1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。 As we all know, the earth is round. 2. 当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。 Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you. 3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。 She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected. 4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。 She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy. 参考资料：
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