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第25卷第7期;光与粒子束;V01.25,No.7;Jul.,2013;2013年7月HIGHPOWER;ArticleID:;LASERANDPARTICLEBEAMS;1001-4322(2013)07-1783-0;Preliminaryphysicsdesign;DrivenSub―criticalSystem;YanFang,LiZhihui,Ta
第25卷第7期
光与粒子束
V01.25,No.7
Jul.,2013
2013年7月HIGHPOWER
ArticleID:
LASERANDPARTICLEBEAMS
1001-4322(2013)07-1783-05
PreliminaryphysicsdesignofChinaAccelerator
DrivenSub―criticalSystemmainlinac。
YanFang,LiZhihui,TangJingyu
(Institute
ofHighEnergyPhysics,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100049,China)
Abstract:TheChinaAcceleratorDrivenSub-criticalSystem,C―ADS,will
ringcontinuous―waveprotons
linearacceleratordelive―
average
current
of10mAand
beampowerof15
thesub―critical
reactor.Themainlinacis
importantpartofthedriverlinacwhichisrequired
acceleratethebeamfrom10
GeV.Allthecavitiesinthispart
superconductingstructures.Toavoidthefrequentlyrepeated
beaminterruptionscausingdamage
thereactor,thedriverlinacisrequested
limitednumberof
beaminterruptionsduringoperation,thusfaulttolerancestrategyisimplemented
themaximumpossible
andeverypossiblesolutionistried
toensure
thehighlyrequiredreliabilityandstability.Inthispaper,the
baselinedesignofthemainlinacisintroduced,Thetotallengthofthemainlinacis306.4m.Thenormalizedroot―mean-squareemittancegrowthiscontrolledbelow5%.Thedetailsofthedesignstrategytogetherwiththemultiparticlesimulationresults
words:
presented.
Sub―critical
System;
continuous
wave;proton;
AcceleratorDriven
superconducting
linac;
faulttolerancestrategy;
beamdynamicsDocumentcode:
CLCnumber:059
doi:10.3788/HPLPB20132507.1783
TheChinaAcceleratorDrivenSub~critical
System(C―ADS)programis
importantstrategicrescatch
forsolvingnuclearwasteandnuclearfuelproblems.A1.5GeVlinacis
planning
bebuilt
thedriver
celeratoroftheC―ADS.Itincludestwomajorsections:theinjectorandthemainlinacsecrion.TheInstituteofHighEnergyPhysics(IHEP)andtheInstituteofModern
Physics(IMP)cooperateceleratorwithin20years.IMPisresponsibleforInjector11whichisbased
buildthedriver
162。5
MHzradiofrequency
quadrupole(RFQ)andsuperconductinghalfwaveresonator(HWR)cavities,andIHEP
themainlinacand
resDonsiblefor
Injector
1whichisbased
325MHzRFQandspokecavities.Thetwo
injectorsinjectors
willbewillbe
designedandbuiltindependently.Finallyonlybuilt
schemewillbechosenandtwoidentical
hotstandbyspareforeachother.Themainlinacdesignwillbe
current
adjusted
according
theinjector
choice.Althoughtheschemes
mainlinacdesignisbased
theInj
ector
Iframe,thedesignprinciplesand
consideredaccording
theconditionsofbothinjectors.
Designprinciples
Intheconventionaldesignofhigh
current
radiofrequency(RF)linaes,thebunchedbeams
thelongitudinaland
transverse
arenot
thermalequilibrium[1|.beamtowardsquality.
Spacechargeforcescouple
state
motionsanddrivethe
equipartition
causingsignificantemittancegrowthandhencedeteriorationofbeam
TheC―ADSprojecthas
titiondesign
rigorousdemandontheacceleratorstabilityandreliability.Hencetheequipar―
hasbeenconsideredinthebeginningofthedesign.Initiallythefollowingformulac2]
盯0t―ktu一/3£n:
是z0、2e。to'0:
*Receiveddate:2012―06―15;Reviseddate:201209―03
Foundationitem:SupportedbyAdvancedResearchBiography..Yan
ProjectoftheChineseAcademyofScience
inbeamdynamicsofaccelerator
Fang(1980一),female,Ph.D.,engaged
physics;yanfang@ihep.ac.cn.
激光与粒子
―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――一
usedtOgetanapproximateequipartitiondesign,where
O'0t,ktoand
transversezero―current
Dhase
advance,wavenumberandnormalizedemittance,盯o:,k20andenz
thelongitudinal
zero―current
Dhasead―
vance,wavenumberandnormalizedemittance.According
formula(1),oncethenormalizedemittance
fixed,the
zero―current
phaseadvanceratiowillbefixedaccordingly.But
pureequipartitiondesignis
Forconvenienceandespeciallyavoidinganypotentialproblemswhichmaycause
thebeam
beunstable
enveloperesonance,the
zero―current
phaseadvancesinallthreeplanesremainbelow90degrees.AI―
smallerlongitudinalemittancecompared
transverse
emittanceistakenfromtheRFQin
design
higheracceleratingefficiencyofthecavities.Theintersectionmatchingisensuredbykeepingphasead―
vance
permetersmooth.
Latticedesign
Tofulfillthestrictreliabilityconstraint,thefocusingperiodsofthemainlinae
designed
havelong
drifts
bothends
accommodatethecryomoduleseparationwithoutdestroyingtheperiodicalproperties
andforavoidingpossibleemittancegrowthcausedbymismatch.AsshowninFig.2,ateachsideoftheperi―odthere
tWO400mmlongdrifts,thus800mmspacingexistsbetween.periods.Thespaceis
keptherefor
theneedofcryomoduleseparationwhichallowswarm―to―coldtransition.ThefocusingperiodofsDoke021
sectioncontains
two熊一0.21
spokecavitiesand
superconductingsolenoid.Thecavityphysicallengthis
300mmandadditional117mmspaceisreservedineachsideofthecavityforthetunerandbellows,whichis
referencedfromthelatticedesignofProject―X.Theeffectivelengthofthesolenoidis150mmwhile75mm
ineachsideisleftfortheflangeandnecessaryshieldingaccordingtotheelectromagneticandmechanicalde―
signoftheFRIBsolenoid.Thereis
100mmspacingbetweenthesolenoidandcavityfor
coldBPMin
itisneeded.Longitudinally,asynchronousphaseOf一30。ischosenundertheconditionthatthe
acceptanteandemittanceratios
biggerthan10.
250mm
250mm
400lⅥm
々5ml希
75mrn
Fig.2
Latticedesignofspoke021sectionofC―ADSmainlinac
Fortheellipticalsection
inter-cavitydistanceof500mm(100mmmorethantheESS/引design)is
YanFang,etal:PreliminarYphysicsdesignoftheChinaAceeleratorDrivenSub-critical
:―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――一
System…
served
avoidthecrosstalkbetweenneighborcavities,and
accommodatethemainpowercouplers,and
alsohigherordermodecouplerswhennecessary.3
Simulationresults
Thecode
TraceWinisusedforbeamdynamicssimulationoftheC―ADSmainlinac.A30truncated6D
Gaussiandistributionisassumedlation.The
transverse
entrance
ofthemainlinacand10000particles
usedforthesimu―
andlongitudinalemittances
theexitofRFQ
0.21n?mm?mradand0.178n。
mm?mradrespectively.
Attheingthe
injec-tion
ofthemainacceleratorweassume
transportationwhich
20%root
connects
meansquare(RMS)emittancegrowthdur―
MEBTl一injector―MEBT2
themainlinac.The
transverse
longitudinalRMSemittancegrowthsofthemainlinac2.5%,4.2%,2.1%respectively,as
shownin
Fig.3.TheevolutionoftheRMSenvelopeisshowninFig.4.TheRMSsizeofthebeamis2.5mm,andthehalfbeamsizefrom10mA
1.5GeVisaround2mmtransverselyand1mmlongitudinally.Ifthe
current
increases
20mA,thenormalizedRMSemittancegrowthsincreaseup8.5%,11.6%,11%(z/y/z
Dlanerespectively).Thetotalcavitynumberusedforthemainlinacaccelerationftom10MeV
1.5GeVis
210.Thetotallengthofthemainacceleratoris306.4m.ThemainparametersofthemainlinacdesignsUmmarizedinTable1.
position/m
Fig.3
EvolutionofCADSmainaccelerator(10
MeV1.5(;cV)RMSemittanc(-(,
position/m
Fig.4
EvolutionofC-ADSmainaccelerator(10
MeV一1.5GeV)RMSenvelope
maj。r
Anybeamtriplastingm。re
thanfewsecondswillbec。nsidered
asa℃cele‘a‘。‘‘ail7托’1:)‘,‘hepossibility
ofleading
reactor
shutdown‘5|.Thefrequentlyrepea‘ed:hermal:tresses
ir:‘?‘。up‘!??57d?:eandfatigue。nthe
react。r
structures,thetarget,orthefuel
elements,w.1‘hthan1
and‘heca8e
p0871b17819『:1‘1一cant
damageson
the{uelcladdings.Therefore,thebeam
trips
formoreminshouldbecontrolled
10。1:s8‘?an
should
notoccur
morethan25000timesperyear;the
5w..ithin
satisfy
th18。e‘
2500timesperyear;the
5minshould
notoccur
morethan25time8
p盯ye.a‘?To
strictdemand。thefaulttolerance
beconsideredinthedesignstage睁列?
Theinjectoris
guar4|nteedby
hotstandbyspare.T.hemainlinacisdesignedto
hult-tolel:锄:whic,.h
meanswithout10ssOfthe
anycavityfailurec璺nbehandled
allstagesbeam?Derated。:vlty?o?臀1nomm“p∞k
isadoptedfortheloealc。mpensation
ofthemaintinaclongitudinally?The
nd出_1,.t::
g;a三卜spoke
cavitiesareEp25MV/m,andEp=30MV/mfortheellipticalsectionwhile‘he
peaka:e
maXl7um
Ep=32.5MV/m
andEp=39MV/mrespectiVely.A30%Tedundancyisremained
fo。lo∞1∞m::8乱1{)n
thecavities.Thelocalcompensation
schemeforcaVityfailureisshowninFig?5?Ifone
ofca呻tall8,the
fieldsofthenearestcavities(compensati。ncavities)can
beincreased(30%ofthemaximum)‘ote
co,m,pensal
theoftheofthesurroundingcaVltlesandthesole―energy10ss,andthenthesynchronousphases
gradients
noidsthen
energyandphaseattheareadjustedtorecover
energycompensationpositlon?
向iled
energy
COmpensanon
comDensatlOn
cavltv
carll、
q-蛭’solenoids
matchingcavities
matchingfails…spoke021
58。‘啪
Fig.5
Local
c。m曲sati。n
scheme。fC-ADSmainacceleratorforthe
that。“8。8”i‘y(ellipses
cavitiesandrectangles
solenoids)
Usuallvdoubletiswidelyusedfor
transverse
focusingforhigherenergysuperconducting
sectlons:sucn
PDS-XADS[6]andSNSc引,butitwasfoundthat,in
localcompensation'if0ne
quadrupol“m18“?15b:‘te。
offthewholedoublet[引.Although
inthiswaythebeamcouldbecompensatedtransversely
andthe
toswitchRMSemittancealsocontrollableforbeamdynamicspoint
ofview,thehalogrowthisg。owth
cOⅢdb“誓e
alltheerrorsandmismatchfactorsareaddedespecially
atthebeginningoftheelliPtlcaIsection
whe‘ewhilechangedfrom
solenoidstoquadruples,thustripletsinsteadofuseddoubletsare
focusingdevicesarewidely
theellipticalsections?IncaseonequadrupoIefails,the
other
usedourdesignfortransversefocusingtwoauadrupolescouldbeused
doublet.
第7期YahFang,eta【:PreliminaryphysicsdesignoftheChinaAcceleratorDrivenSub-critical
System…
Conclusion
ThepreliminarydesignandbeamdynamicsresultsoftheC―ADSmainlinachavebeenpresented.Non―
equipartitioneddesignisadoptedbutstable
ischosenfortheworkingpointsusingHofmannstability
cause
charts.Thustheemittanceexchange(whichmaytheemittancegrowthandtheformationofhalo,and
transverse
eventuallybeamlosses)betweenthelongitudinalandLongdrifts
degreesoffreedomisavoidedeffectively.
bothendsofthelattice
adopted
accommodatethecryomoduleseparation.A30%redun―
dancyisremainedforthelocalcompensationofthecavities.Thetotallengthofthemainlinacis306.4?m.Thenormalized
RMSemittance
growthsof2.5%,4.2%,2.1%(x/y/zplanerespectively)areobserved
duringmultiparticlesimulationsusing3atruncatedGaussianbeam。
References:
[13[23
ReiserReiser
M.Theoryanddesignofchargedparticlebeams[M].NewYork:JohnWiley&Sons,1994:Appendix4.M.Theoryanddesignofchargedparticlebeams[M].Weinheim:Wiley―VCH,2008:612.
I.Stabilityofanisotripic
[3]Hofmann[43[53
Eshraqi
beamswith
space
charge[J].Physical
ReviewE,1998,57(4):4713―4724.
M,BrandinM,CarlileC,eta1.BeamdynamicsanddesignoftheESSLinac[c]//ProceedingsofHB2010.2010:300―303.
JL,NovatiM,PieriniP,eta1.BeamdynamicsstudiesforthefaulttoleranceassessmentofthePDS-XADSlinac[C]//Workshop
Utilisation&ReliabilityofHPPA。2004.
Biarrotte
Proceedingsof
Biarrotte
erators
JL,UriotD.Dynamiccompensationofrfcavityfailurein
superconducting
linac[J].PhysicalReviewSpecialTopics--Accel―
andBeal715,2008,11:072803.
[73SheffieldRL.Utilizationofacceleratorsfortransmutationandenergyproduction[c]//Proceedings
LinacEg]//Proceedings
ofHB2010.2010:1-5.
ofthe2001ParticleAcceleratorConfer―
[8]StovallJ,BillenJH,NathS,etal,ExpectedbeamperformanceoftheSNS
ence.2001:446―450.
中国加速器驱动次临界系统主加速器初步物理设计
(中国科学院高能物理研究所,北京100049)
中国加速器驱动次临界系统(C-ADS)计划采用一个平均流强为10mA的连续波质子加速器作为次临界堆的驱
动器,驱动加速器的束流功率为15Mw,最终能量1.5OeV,其中主加速器是驱动加速器的一个重要部分,完成束流能量从lo
MeV到1.5GeV的加速,所有加速腔均采用超导结构。为了避免频繁束流中断对反应堆的损坏,设计要求驱动加速器在运行过
程中束流可以中断的次数非常有限,因此加速器在设计过程植入了容错机制,尝试了各种可能的方法以最大程度地满足C-ADS加速器的高可靠性和稳定性的要求。介绍了C―ADS主加速器的基本设计:总长度306.4m,束流的归~化RMS发射度增长控制在5%以内。总结了各个重要参数选择过程中的考虑以及整个加速段多粒子跟踪模拟的束流动力学结果。
中国加速器驱动次临界系统;连续波;质子;超导直线加速器;容错机制;束流动力学
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