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自己编程中遇到的Python错误和解决方法汇总整理
投稿:junjie
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这篇文章主要介绍了自己编程中遇到的Python错误和解决方法汇总整理,本文收集整理了较多的案例,需要的朋友可以参考下
开个贴,用于记录平时经常碰到的Python的错误同时对导致错误的原因进行分析,并持续更新,方便以后查询,学习。
知识在于积累嘛!微笑
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
&&& def f(x, y):&
&&& print x, y&
&&& t = ('a', 'b')&
Traceback (most recent call last):&
& File "&pyshell#65&", line 1, in &module&&
TypeError: f() takes exactly 2 arguments (1 given)&
【错误分析】不要误以为元祖里有两个参数,将元祖传进去就可以了,实际上元祖作为一个整体只是一个参数,
实际需要两个参数,所以报错。必需再传一个参数方可.
&&& f(t, 'var2')&
('a', 'b') var2&
更常用的用法: 在前面加*,代表引用元祖
&&& f(*t)&
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
&&& def func(y=2, x):&
&&& return x + y&
SyntaxError: non-default argument follows default argument&
【错误分析】在C++,Python中默认参数从左往右防止,而不是相反。这可能跟参数进栈顺序有关。
&&& def func(x, y=2):&
&&& return x + y&
&&& func(1)&
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
&&& D1 = {'x':1, 'y':2}&
&&& D1['x']&
&&& D1['z']&
Traceback (most recent call last):&
& File "&pyshell#185&", line 1, in &module&&
&&& D1['z']&
KeyError: 'z'&
【错误分析】这是Python中字典键错误的提示,如果想让程序继续运行,可以用字典中的get方法,如果键存在,则获取该键对应的值,不存在的,返回None,也可打印提示信息.
&&& D1.get('z', 'Key Not Exist!')&
'Key Not Exist!'&
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
&&& from math import sqrt&
&&& exec "sqrt = 1"&
&&& sqrt(4)&
Traceback (most recent call last):&
& File "&pyshell#22&", line 1, in &module&&
&&& sqrt(4)&
TypeError: 'int' object is not callable&
【错误分析】exec语句最有用的地方在于动态地创建代码字符串,但里面存在的潜在的风险,它会执行其他地方的字符串,在CGI中更是如此!比如例子中的sqrt = 1,从而改变了当前的命名空间,从math模块中导入的sqrt不再和函数名绑定而是成为了一个整数。要避免这种情况,可以通过增加in &scope&,其中&scope&就是起到放置代码字符串命名空间的字典。
&&& from math import sqrt&
&&& scope = {}&
&&& exec "sqrt = 1" in scope&
&&& sqrt(4)&
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
&&& seq = [1, 2, 3, 4]&
&&& sep = '+'&
&&& sep.join(seq)&
Traceback (most recent call last):&
& File "&pyshell#25&", line 1, in &module&&
&&& sep.join(seq)&
TypeError: sequence item 0: expected string, int found&
【错误分析】join是split的逆方法,是非常重要的字符串方法,但不能用来连接整数型列表,所以需要改成:
&&& seq = ['1', '2', '3', '4']&
&&& sep = '+'&
&&& sep.join(seq)&
'1+2+3+4'&
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
&&& print r'C:\Program Files\foo\bar\'&
SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal&
【错误分析】Python中原始字符串以r开头,里面可以放置任意原始字符,包括\,包含在字符中的\不做转义。
但是,不能放在末尾!也就是说,最后一个字符不能是\,如果真 需要的话,可以这样写:
&&& print r'C:\Program Files\foo\bar' "\\"&
C:\Program Files\foo\bar\&
&&& print r'C:\Program Files\foo\bar' + "\\"&
C:\Program Files\foo\bar\&
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
bad = 'bad'&
&&& raise bad&
except bad:&
&&& print 'Got Bad!'&
Traceback (most recent call last):&
& File "D:\Learn\Python\Learn.py", line 4, in &module&&
&&& raise bad&
TypeError: exceptions must be old-style classes or derived from BaseException, not str
【错误分析】因所用的Python版本2.7,比较高的版本,raise触发的异常,只能是自定义类异常,而不能是字符串。所以会报错,字符串改为自定义类,就可以了。
class Bad(Exception):&
def raiseException():&
&&& raise Bad()&
&&& raiseException()&
except Bad:&
&&& print 'Got Bad!'&
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
class Super:&
&&& def method(self):&
&&&&&&& print "Super's method"&
class Sub(Super):&
&&& def method(self):&
&&&&&&& print "Sub's method"&
&&&&&&& Super.method()&
&&&&&&& print "Over..."&
S = Sub()&
S.method()&
执行上面一段代码,错误如下:
Sub's method&
Traceback (most recent call last):&
& File "D:\Learn\Python\test.py", line 12, in &module&&
&&& S.method()&
& File "D:\Learn\Python\test.py", line 8, in method&
&&& Super.method()&
TypeError: unbound method method() must be called with Super instance as first argument (got nothing instead)&
【错误分析】Python中调用类的方法,必须与实例绑定,或者调用自身.
ClassName.method(x, 'Parm')
ClassName.method(self)
所以上面代码,要调用Super类的话,只需要加个self参数即可。
class Super:&
&&& def method(self):&
&&&&&&& print "Super's method"&
class Sub(Super):&
&&& def method(self):&
&&&&&&& print "Sub's method"&
&&&&&&& Super.method(self)&
&&&&&&& print "Over..."&
S = Sub()&
S.method()&
#输出结果&
Sub's method&
Super's method&
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
&&& reload(sys)&
Traceback (most recent call last):&
& File "&stdin&", line 1, in &module&&
NameError: name 'sys' is not defined&
【错误分析】reload期望得到的是对象,所以该模块必须成功导入。在没导入模块前,不能重载.
&&& import sys&
&&& reload(sys)&
&module 'sys' (built-in)&&
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
&&& def f(x, y, z):&
&&& return x + y + z&
&&& args = (1,2,3)&
&&& print f(args)&
Traceback (most recent call last):&
& File "&pyshell#6&", line 1, in &module&&
&&& print f(args)&
TypeError: f() takes exactly 3 arguments (1 given)
【错误分析】args是一个元祖,如果是f(args),那么元祖是作为一个整体作为一个参数
*args,才是将元祖中的每个元素作为参数
&&& f(*args)&
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
&&& def f(a,b,c,d):&
...&& print a,b,c,d&
&&& args = (1,2,3,4)&
&&& f(**args)&
Traceback (most recent call last):&
& File "&stdin&", line 1, in &module&&
TypeError: f() argument after ** must be a mapping, not tuple&
【错误分析】错误原因**匹配并收集在字典中所有包含位置的参数,但传递进去的却是个元祖。
所以修改传递参数如下:
&&& args = {'a':1,'b':2,'c':3}&
&&& args['d'] = 4&
&&& f(**args)&
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
【错误分析】在函数hider()内使用了内置变量open,但根据Python作用域规则LEGB的优先级:
先是查找本地变量==》模块内的其他函数==》全局变量==》内置变量,查到了即停止查找。
所以open在这里只是个字符串,不能作为打开文件来使用,所以报错,更改变量名即可。
可以导入__builtin__模块看到所有内置变量:异常错误、和内置方法
&&& import __builtin__
&&& dir(__builtin__)
['ArithmeticError', 'AssertionError', 'AttributeError',..
& .........................................zip,filter,map]
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
In [105]: T1 = (1)&
In [106]: T2 = (2,3)&
In [107]: T1 + T2&
---------------------------------------------------------------------------&
TypeError&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Traceback (most recent call last)&
&ipython-input-107-b105c7b32d90& in &module&()&
----& 1 T1 + T2;&
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'tuple'&
【错误分析】(1)的类型是整数,所以不能与另一个元祖做合并操作,如果只有一个元素的元祖,应该用(1,)来表示
In [108]: type(T1)&
Out[108]: int&
In [109]: T1 = (1,)&
In [110]: T2 = (2,3)&
In [111]: T1 + T2&
Out[111]: (1, 2, 3)&
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
&&& hash(1,(2,[3,4]))&
Traceback (most recent call last):&
& File "&pyshell#95&", line 1, in &module&&
&&& hash((1,2,(2,[3,4])))&
TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'&
【错误分析】字典中的键必须是不可变对象,如(整数,浮点数,字符串,元祖).
可用hash()判断某个对象是否可哈希
&&& hash('string')&
但列表中元素是可变对象,所以是不可哈希的,所以会报上面的错误.
如果要用列表作为字典中的键,最简单的办法是:
&&& D = {}&
&&& D[tuple([3,4])] = 5&
{(3, 4): 5}&
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
&&& L = [2,1,4,3]&
&&& L.reverse().sort()&
Traceback (most recent call last):&
& File "&stdin&", line 1, in &module&&
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'sort'&
[3, 4, 1, 2]&
【错误分析】列表属于可变对象,其append(),sort(),reverse()会在原处修改对象,不会有返回值,
或者说返回值为空,所以要实现反转并排序,不能并行操作,要分开来写
&&& L = [2,1,4,3]&
&&& L.reverse()&
&&& L.sort()&
[1, 2, 3, 4]&
或者用下面的方法实现:
In [103]: sorted(reversed([2,1,4,3]))&
Out[103]: [1, 2, 3, 4]&
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
&&& class = 78&
SyntaxError: invalid syntax&
【错误分析】class是Python保留字,Python保留字不能做变量名,可以用Class,或klass
同样,保留字不能作为模块名来导入,比如说,有个and.py,但不能将其作为模块导入
&&& import and&
SyntaxError: invalid syntax&
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
&&& f = open('D:\new\text.data','r')&
Traceback (most recent call last):&
& File "&stdin&", line 1, in &module&&
IOError: [Errno 22] invalid mode ('r') or filename: 'D:\new\text.data'&
&&& f = open(r'D:\new\text.data','r')&
&&& f.read()&
'Very\ngood\naaaaa'&
【错误分析】\n默认为换行,\t默认为TAB键.
所以在D:\目录下找不到ew目录下的ext.data文件,将其改为raw方式输入即可。
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
&&& print 1 / 0&
except ZeroDivisionError:&
&&& print 'integer division or modulo by zero'&
&&& print 'Done'&
&&& print 'Continue Handle other part'&
报错如下:&
D:\&python Learn.py&
& File "Learn.py", line 11&
&&& else:&
SyntaxError: invalid syntax&
【错误分析】错误原因,else, finally执行位置;正确的程序应该如下:
&&& print 1 / 0&
except ZeroDivisionError:&
&&& print 'integer division or modulo by zero'&
&&& print 'Continue Handle other part'&
&&& print 'Done'&
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
&&& [x,y for x in range(2) for y in range(3)]&
& File "&stdin&", line 1&
&&& [x,y for x in range(2) for y in range(3)]&
&&&&&&&&&& ^&
SyntaxError: invalid syntax&
【错误分析】错误原因,列表解析中,x,y必须以数组的方式列出(x,y)
&&& [(x,y) for x in range(2) for y in range(3)]&
[(0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 0), (1, 1), (1, 2)]&
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
class JustCounter:&
&&& __secretCount = 0&
&&& def count(self):&
&&&&&&& self.__secretCount += 1&
&&&&&&& print 'secretCount is:', self.__secretCount&
count1 = JustCounter()&
count1.count()&
count1.count()&
count1.__secretCount&
secretCount is: 1&
secretCount is: 2&
Traceback (most recent call last):&
& File "D:\Learn\Python\Learn.py", line 13, in &module&&
&&& count1.__secretCount&
AttributeError: JustCounter instance has no attribute '__secretCount'&
【错误分析】双下划线的类属性__secretCount不可访问,所以会报无此属性的错误.
解决办法如下:
# 1. 可以通过其内部成员方法访问&
# 2. 也可以通过访问&
ClassName._ClassName__Attr&
ClassInstance._ClassName__Attr&
#来访问,比如:&
print count1._JustCounter__secretCount&
print JustCounter._JustCounter__secretCount&&
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
&&& print x&
Traceback (most recent call last):&
& File "&stdin&", line 1, in &module&&
NameError: name 'x' is not defined&
&&& x = 1&
&&& print x&
【错误分析】Python不允许使用未赋值变量
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
&&& t = (1,2)&
&&& t.append(3)&
Traceback (most recent call last):&
& File "&stdin&", line 1, in &module&&
AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'append'&
&&& t.remove(2)&
Traceback (most recent call last):&
& File "&stdin&", line 1, in &module&&
AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'remove'&
&&& t.pop()&
Traceback (most recent call last):&
& File "&stdin&", line 1, in &module&&
AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'pop'&
【错误分析】属性错误,归根到底在于元祖是不可变类型,所以没有这几种方法.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
&&& t = ()&
Traceback (most recent call last):&
& File "&stdin&", line 1, in &module&&
IndexError: tuple index out of range&
&&& l = []&
Traceback (most recent call last):&
& File "&stdin&", line 1, in &module&&
IndexError: list index out of range&
【错误分析】空元祖和空列表,没有索引为0的项
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
&&& if X&Y:&
...& X,Y = 3,4&
...&& print X,Y&
& File "&stdin&", line 3&
&&& print X,Y&
IndentationError: unexpected indent&
&&&&& t = (1,2,3,4)&
& File "&stdin&", line 1&
&&& t = (1,2,3,4)&
IndentationError: unexpected indent&
【错误分析】一般出在代码缩进的问题
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
&&& f = file('1.txt')&
&&& f.readline()&
'AAAAA\n'&
&&& f.readline()&
'BBBBB\n'&
&&& f.next()&
'CCCCC\n'&
【错误分析】如果文件里面没有行了会报这种异常
&&& f.next() #&
Traceback (most recent call last):&
& File "&stdin&", line 1, in &module&&
StopIteration
有可迭代的对象的next方法,会前进到下一个结果,而在一系列结果的末尾时,会引发StopIteration的异常.
next()方法属于Python的魔法方法,这种方法的效果就是:逐行读取文本文件的最佳方式就是根本不要去读取。
取而代之的用for循环去遍历文件,自动调用next()去调用每一行,且不会报错
for line in open('test.txt','r'):&
&&& print line&
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
&&& string = 'SPAM'&
&&& a,b,c = string&
Traceback (most recent call last):&
& File "&stdin&", line 1, in &module&&
ValueError: too many values to unpack&
【错误分析】接受的变量少了,应该是
&&& a,b,c,d = string&
('S', 'M')&
#除非用切片的方式&
&&& a,b,c = string[0],string[1],string[2:]&
&&& a,b,c&
('S', 'P', 'AM')&
&&& a,b,c = list(string[:2]) + [string[2:]]&
&&& a,b,c&
('S', 'P', 'AM')&
&&& (a,b),c = string[:2],string[2:]&
&&& a,b,c&
('S', 'P', 'AM')&
&&& ((a,b),c) = ('SP','AM')&
&&& a,b,c&
('S', 'P', 'AM')&
简单点就是:&
&&& a,b = string[:2]&
&&& c&& = string[2:]&
&&& a,b,c&
('S', 'P', 'AM')&
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
&&& mydic={'a':1,'b':2}&
&&& mydic['a']&
&&& mydic['c']&
Traceback (most recent call last):&
& File "&stdin&", line 1, in ?&
KeyError: 'c'&
【错误分析】当映射到字典中的键不存在时候,就会触发此类异常, 或者可以,这样测试
&&& 'a' in mydic.keys()&
&&& 'c' in mydic.keys()&&&&&&&&&&&&& #用in做成员归属测试&
&&& D.get('c','"c" is not exist!')&& #用get或获取键,如不存在,会打印后面给出的错误信息&
'"c" is not exist!'&
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
File "study.py", line 3&
& return None&
dentationError: unexpected indent&
【错误分析】一般是代码缩进问题,TAB键或空格键不一致导致
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
&&&def A():&
return A()&
&&&A() #无限循环,等消耗掉所有内存资源后,报最大递归深度的错误&&&
File "&pyshell#2&", line 2, in A return A()RuntimeError: maximum recursion depth exceeded&
class Bird:&
&&& def __init__(self):&
&&&&&&& self.hungry = True&
&&& def eat(self):&
&&&&&&& if self.hungry:&
&&&&&&&&&&& print "Ahaha..."&
&&&&&&&&&&& self.hungry = False&
&&&&&&& else:&
&&&&&&&&&&& print "No, Thanks!"&
该类定义鸟的基本功能吃,吃饱了就不再吃&
输出结果:&
&&& b = Bird()&
&&& b.eat()&
&&& b.eat()&
No, Thanks!&
下面一个子类SingBird,&
class SingBird(Bird):&
&&& def __init__(self):&
&&&&&&& self.sound = 'squawk'&
&&& def sing(self):&
&&&&&&& print self.sound
输出结果:&
&&& s = SingBird()&
&&& s.sing()&
SingBird是Bird的子类,但如果调用Bird类的eat()方法时,&
&&& s.eat()&
Traceback (most recent call last):&
& File "&pyshell#5&", line 1, in &module&&
&&& s.eat()&
& File "D:\Learn\Python\Person.py", line 42, in eat&
&&& if self.hungry:&
AttributeError: SingBird instance has no attribute 'hungry'&
【错误分析】代码错误很清晰,SingBird中初始化代码被重写,但没有任何初始化hungry的代码
class SingBird(Bird):&
&&& def __init__(self):&
&&&&&&& self.sound = 'squawk'&
&&&&&&& self.hungry = Ture #加这么一句&
&&& def sing(self):&
&&&&&&& print self.sound&
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
class Bird:&
&&& def __init__(self):&
&&&&&&& self.hungry = True&
&&& def eat(self):&
&&&&&&& if self.hungry:&
&&&&&&&&&&& print "Ahaha..."&
&&&&&&&&&&& self.hungry = False&
&&&&&&& else:&
&&&&&&&&&&& print "No, Thanks!"&
class SingBird(Bird):&
&&& def __init__(self):&
&&&&&&& super(SingBird,self).__init__()&
&&&&&&& self.sound = 'squawk'&
&&& def sing(self):&
&&&&&&& print self.sound&
&&& sb = SingBird()&
Traceback (most recent call last):&
& File "&pyshell#5&", line 1, in &module&&
&&& sb = SingBird()&
& File "D:\Learn\Python\Person.py", line 51, in __init__&
&&& super(SingBird,self).__init__()&
TypeError: must be type, not classobj&
【错误分析】在模块首行里面加上__metaclass__=type,具体还没搞清楚为什么要加
__metaclass__=type&
class Bird:&
&&& def __init__(self):&
&&&&&&& self.hungry = True&
&&& def eat(self):&
&&&&&&& if self.hungry:&
&&&&&&&&&&& print "Ahaha..."&
&&&&&&&&&&& self.hungry = False&
&&&&&&& else:&
&&&&&&&&&&& print "No, Thanks!"&
class SingBird(Bird):&
&&& def __init__(self):&
&&&&&&& super(SingBird,self).__init__()&
&&&&&&& self.sound = 'squawk'&
&&& def sing(self):&
&&&&&&& print self.sound&
&&& S = SingBird()&
SyntaxError: invalid syntax&
SyntaxError: invalid syntax&
&&& S.eat()&
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
(1, 2, 3, 4)&
&&& T[0] = 22&&
Traceback (most recent call last):&
& File "&pyshell#129&", line 1, in &module&&
&&& T[0] = 22&
TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
【错误分析】元祖不可变,所以不可以更改;可以用切片或合并的方式达到目的.
&&& T = (1,2,3,4)&
&&& (22,) + T[1:]&
(22, 2, 3, 4)&
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
&&& X = 1;&
&&& Y = 2;&
&&& X + = Y&
& File "&stdin&", line 1&
&&& X + = Y&
&&&&&&& ^&
SyntaxError: invalid syntax&
【错误分析】增强行赋值不能分开来写,必须连着写比如说 +=, *=
&&& X += Y&
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常用在线小工具Zabbix添加自定义监控项 - 推酷
Zabbix添加自定义监控项
在Zabbix的监控系统中通常是由Zabbix Server与Zabbix Agent一起配合实现监控。在Zabbix Agent内置了很多监控基础的监控项,参见/documentation/2.0/manual/config/items/itemtypes/zabbix_agent。这些监控项都是CPU, 文件系统, 网络,磁盘等基础的监控项。
对于自己开发服务的监控,Zabbix提供了良好框架为用户实现监控和报警。下面将以为MySQL添加监控为例,介绍如何添加自定义监控。
角色:Zabbix Agent, Zabbix Server, MySQL, 面板
第一步,监控规划
在创建监控项之前要尽量考虑清楚要监控什么,怎么监控,监控数据如何存储,监控数据如何展现,如何处理报警等。要进行监控的系统规划需要对Zabbix很了解,这里只是提出监控的需求。
需求一:监控MySQL的状态,当状态发生异常,发出报警;
需求二:监控MySQL的操作,并用图表展现;
第二步,使用自定义脚本监控扩展Agent
Zabbix Server与Agent之间监控数据的采集主要是通过Zabbix Server主动向Agent询问某个Key的值,Agent会根据Key去调用相应的函数去获取这个值并返回给Server端。Zabbix 2.0.3的Agent本并没有内置MySQL的监控功能(但是Server端提供了相应的Template配置),所以我们需要使用Zabbix的User Parameters功能,为MySQL添加监控脚本。
对于需求一 ,我们采用mysqladmin这个工具来实现,命令如下:
$ mysqladmin -uroot -ppasswd ping
mysqld is alive
如果MySQL状态正常,会显示mysqld is alive,否则会提示连接不上。对于服务器端,mysqld is alive这样的句子不好理解,服务器端最好只接收1和0,1表示服务可用,0表示服务不可用。那么再改进一下这个命令,如下:
$ mysqladmin -uroot -ppasswd ping | grep -c alive
用户名和密码放在命令中对于以后的维护不好,所以我们在/var/lib/zbbix下创建一个包含MySQL用户名和密码的配置文件“.my.cnf”,如下
host=localhost
password=password
有了这个文件后的命令变更为
HOME=/var/lib/zabbix mysqladmin ping | grep -c alive
做完这一步后需要做的就是,将这个监控命令添加到Zabbix Agent中,并与一个Key对应,这样Zabbox Server就能通过这个Key获取MySQL的状态了。我们使用mysql.ping作为MySQL状态的Key。
首先在去除/usr/local/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf中“Include=/usr/local/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf.d/”这一行的注释符。
其次,在/usr/local/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf.d/目录下创建userparameter_mysql.conf文件。在文件中添加如下命令:
UserParameter=mysql.ping,HOME=/var/lib/zabbix mysqladmin ping | grep -c alive
这个命令中”UserParameter”表示这是一个用户自定义的脚本;“=”号后是脚本的内容;“mysql.ping”是Key,“,”号后的命令会在Zabbix Server向Agent发起获取“mysql.ping”这个key的请求时被调用,并将返回值返回给Server。
保存并退出后可以使用下面的命令测试是否正常工作。
$ zabbix_agentd -t mysql.ping
mysql.ping [t|1]
同时,在Server端也可以使用使用zabbix_get命令来测试从Server端获取指定的Client端的数据,如下:
$ zabbix_get -s 127.0.0.1 -k mysql.ping
对于需求二 ,我们使用MySQL的SQL查询来实现监控数据的获取,最终的userparameter_mysql.conf文件如下:
UserParameter=mysql.status[*],echo “show global status where Variable_name=’$1′;” | HOME=/var/lib/zabbix mysql -N | awk ‘{print $$2}’
UserParameter=mysql.size[*],echo “select sum($(case “$3″ in both|”&) echo “data_length+index_length”;; data|index) echo “$3_length”;; free) echo “data_free”;; esac)) from information_schema.tables$([[ &$1& = &all& || ! &$1& ]] || echo ” where table_schema=’$1′”)$([[ &$2& = &all& || ! &$2& ]] || echo “and table_name=’$2′”);” | HOME=/var/lib/zabbix mysql -N
UserParameter=mysql.ping,HOME=/var/lib/zabbix mysqladmin ping | grep -c alive
UserParameter=mysql.version,mysql -V
第三歩,在管理员面板添加监控项
由于Zabbix Server内置了MySQL的监控模版,所以只需要将监控模版link到这个Host即可。
如上图所示,MySQL的Temlate中包含了14个监控项,一个Trigger,两个Graphe展现。下图是MySQL Template的监控项:
MySQL Template中的Trigger是对mysql.ping中最近接收到的数据进行判断,如果等于0就会抛出一个Warning级别的事件。
在设置了相应的Action后,就能接收到MySQL的报警邮件。
MySQL Template中的监控图表:
对于想详细了解Server端如何配置监控项的,可以阅读手册/documentation/2.0/manual/config。
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