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>> PART:DetailVer4/Part/Detail/AboutManu >>> -->The Generic Mapping Tools
Version 4.5.17
Technical Reference and Cookbook
P?l (Paul) Wessel
School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology
University of Hawai’i at Mānoa
Walter H. F. Smith
Laboratory for Satellite Altimetry
NOAA/NESDIS/STAR
 1.1
  1.1.1
  1.1.2
  1.1.3
  1.1.4
  1.1.5
  1.1.6
  1.1.7
  1.1.8
  1.1.9
  1.1.10
  1.1.11
  1.1.12
  1.1.13
  1.1.14
  1.1.15
  1.1.16
  1.1.17
  1.1.18
  1.1.19
  1.1.20
  1.1.21
  1.1.22
  1.1.23
  1.1.24
  1.1.25
  1.1.26
  1.1.27
  1.1.28
 3.1
 3.2
 4.1
 4.2
  4.2.1
  4.2.2
 4.3
 4.4
  4.4.1
  4.4.2
  4.4.3
  4.4.4
  4.4.5
  4.4.6
  4.4.7
  4.4.8
  4.4.9
  4.4.10
  4.4.11
  4.4.12
  4.4.13
  4.4.14
  4.4.15
 4.5
 4.6
 4.7
 4.8
 4.9
 4.10
 4.11
 4.12
 4.13
 4.14
 4.15
  4.15.1
  4.15.2
 4.16
 4.17
 4.18
 4.19
 4.20
 5.1
  5.1.1
  5.1.2
  5.1.3
 5.2
 6.1
  6.1.1
  6.1.2
  6.1.3
  6.1.4
 6.2
  6.2.1
  6.2.2
  6.2.3
  6.2.4
  6.2.5
  6.2.6
 6.3
  6.3.1
  6.3.2
  6.3.3
  6.3.4
  6.3.5
  6.3.6
  6.3.7
  6.3.8
  6.3.9
 6.4
  6.4.1
  6.4.2
  6.4.3
  6.4.4
  6.4.5
  6.4.6
  6.4.7
 7.1
 7.2
 7.3
 7.4
 7.5
 7.6
 7.7
 7.8
 7.9
 7.10
 7.11
 7.12
 7.13
 7.14
 7.15
 7.16
 7.17
 7.18
 7.19
 7.20
 7.21
 7.22
 7.23
 7.24
 7.25
 7.26
 7.27
 7.28
 7.29
 7.30
 8.1
 8.2
 8.3
 8.4
 A.1
 A.2
 A.3
 A.4
 A.5
 A.6
 A.7
 A.8
 A.9
 A.10
 A.11
 A.12
 A.13
 A.14
 B.1
  B.1.1
  B.1.2
  B.1.3
 B.2
  B.2.1
  B.2.2
  B.2.3
  B.2.4
 B.3
 C.1
 C.2
  C.2.1
  C.2.2
 C.3
  C.3.1
  C.3.2
 C.4
 D.1
 D.2
 H.1
 H.2
 H.3
 H.4
 I.1
 I.2
 I.3
 I.4
 I.5
 I.6
 I.7
 K.1
 K.2
 K.3
 K.4
  K.4.1
  K.4.2
  K.4.3
  K.4.4
  K.4.5
 L.1
 L.2
 L.3
 L.4
 L.5
 L.6
 L.7
 M.1
 M.2
 O.1
 O.2
 O.3
  O.3.1
  O.3.2
  O.3.3
  O.3.4
  O.3.5
 O.4
  O.4.1
  O.4.2
  O.4.3
 O.5
 P.1
 P.2
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 6.1 6.2 6.3 B.1 B.2 B.3 B.4 
1 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 6.19 6.20 6.21 6.22 6.23 6.24 6.25 6.26 6.27 6.28 6.29 6.30 6.31 6.32 6.33 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 7.20 7.21 7.22 7.23 7.24 7.25 7.26 7.27 7.28 7.29 7.30 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 B.1 B.2 C.1 C.2 F.1 F.2 G.1 I.1 I.2 I.3 I.4 J.1 J.2 J.3 K.1 K.2 K.3 K.4 K.5 M.1 M.2 N.1 O.1 O.2 O.3 O.4 O.5 O.6 O.7 O.8 O.9 P.1 
The Generic Mapping Tools () could not have been designed without the generous support of several people.
We gratefully acknowledge A. B. Watts and the late W. F. Haxby for supporting our efforts on the original version
1.0 while we were their graduate students at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. Doug Shearer and Roger Davis
patiently answered many questions over e-mail. The subroutine gauss was written and supplied by Bill Menke.
Further development of versions 2.0&# at SOEST would not have been possible without the support from the
HIGP/SOEST Post-Doctoral Fellowship program to Paul Wessel. Walter H. F. Smith gratefully acknowledges
the generous support of the C. H. and I. M. Green Foundation for Earth Sciences at the Institute of
Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San
Diego.  series 3.x, 4.x, and 5.x owe their existence to grants EAR-93-02272, OCE-95-29431,
OCE-00-82552, OCE-04-52126, and OCE-1029874 from the National Science Foundation, which we gratefully
acknowledge.
We would also like to acknowledge the feedback we have received from many of the users of earlier versions.
Many of these suggestions have been implemented, and the bug reports have been useful in providing more robust
programs. Specifically, we would like to thank Michael Barck, Manfred Brands, Stephan Eickschen, Ben
Horner-Johnson, John Kuhn, Angel Li, John Lillibridge, Andrew Macrae, Alex Madon, Greg Neumann, Lloyd
Parkes, Ameet Raval, Georg Schwarz, Richard Signell, Peter Schimidt, Dirk Stoecker, Eduardo Suárez, Mikhail
Tchernychev, Malte Thoma, David Townsend, Garry Vaughan, William Weibel, Florian Wobbe, and many
others, including their advice on how to make  portable to a wide range of platforms. John
Lillibridge provided the original example 11; Hanno von Lom helped resolve early problems with DLL
libraries for Win32; Lloyd Parkes enabled indexed color images in PostScript; Kurt Schwehr maintains
Wayne Wilson implemented the full general pe and William
Yip helped translate  to POSIX ANSI C and incorporate netCDF 3. The SOEST RCF staff
(Ross Ishida, Pat Townsend, and Sharon Stahl) provided valuable help on Linux, web, and CGI script
Honolulu, HI, College Park, MD, Cornish, NH, and Faro, Portugal, Jan 2018
Figure 1: The four horsemen of the  apocalypse: Remko Scharroo, Paul Wessel, Walter H.F. Smith,
and Joaquim Luis at the  Developer Summit in Honolulu, Hawaii during February 14&#11.
Starting with  version 3.2, all  documentation was converted from Microsoft Word to LATEX files.
This step was taken for a number of reasons:
Having all the documentation source available in ASCII format makes it easier to access by several
 developers working on different platforms in different countries.
 scripts can now be included directly into the text so that the documentation is automatically
up-to-date when scripts are modified.
All figures are generated on the fly and included as  EPS files which thus are always up-to-date.
It is easy to convert the LATEX files to other formats, such as HTML, SGML, PostScript, and PDF.
The whole task of assembling the pieces, be it generating figures or extracting text portions from the
master archive under subversion control, is automated by a makefile.
Only free software are used to maintain the  Documentation.
Please post a New Issue from
if you find errors or inconsistencies in the documentation.
If you feel it is appropriate, you may consider paying us back by citing our EOS articles on  (and perhaps
also our Geophysics article on the  program ) when you publish papers containing results or
illustrations obtained using . The EOS articles on  are
Wessel, P., and W. H. F. Smith, New, improved version of Generic Mapping Tools released, EOS Trans.
Amer. Geophys. U., vol. 79 (47), pp. 579, 1998.
Wessel, P., and W. H. F. Smith, New version of the Generic Mapping Tools released, EOS Trans. Amer.
Geophys. U., vol. 76 (33), pp. 329, 1995.
Wessel, P., and W. H. F. Smith, New version of the Generic Mapping Tools released, EOS Trans. Amer.
Geophys. U. electronic supplement, , 1995.
Wessel, P., and W. H. F. Smith, Free software helps map and display data, EOS Trans. Amer. Geophys.
U., vol. 72 (41), pp. 441, 445-446, 1991.
The article in Geophysics on surface is
Smith, W. H. F., and P. Wessel, Gridding with continuous curvature splines in tension, Geophysics, vol.
55 (3), pp. 293-305, 1990.
 includes some code supplied by others, in particular the Triangle code used for Delaunay triangulation.
Its author, Jonathan Shewchuk, says
“If you use Triangle, and especially if you use it to accomplish real work, I would like very much
to hear from you. A short letter or email (to jrs@cs.cmu.edu) describing how you use Triangle will
mean a lot to me. The more people I know are using this program, the more easily I can justify
spending time on improvements and on the three-dimensional successor to Triangle, which in turn
will benefit you.”
A few  users take the time to write us letters, telling us of the difference  is making in their work.
We appreciate receiving these letters. On days when we wonder why we ever released  we pull these letters
out and read them. Seriously, as financial support for  depends on how well we can “sell” the idea to funding
agencies and our superiors, letter-writing is one area where  users can affect such decisions by supporting the
 project.
Copyright (C)1991 &# by Paul Wessel and Walter H. F. Smith
The Generic Mapping Tools () you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the
GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation.
The  package is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See
the file LICENSE.TXT in the  directory or the
for more details.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided that the copyright notice
and these paragraphs are preserved on all copies. The  package may be included in a bundled distribution of
software for which a reasonable fee may be charged.
The Generic Mapping Tools () does not come with any warranties, nor is it guaranteed to work on your
computer. The user assumes full responsibility for the use of this system. In particular, the School of Ocean and
Earth Science and Technology, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Science
Foundation, Paul Wessel, Walter H. F. Smith, or any other individuals involved in the design and maintenance of
 are NOT responsible for any damage that may follow from correct or incorrect use of these
In reading this documentation, the following provides a summary of the typographic conventions used in this
User input and  or UNIX commands are indicated by using the typewriter type style, e.g.,
chmod +x job03.sh.
The names of  programs are indicated by the bold, sans serif type style, e.g., we plot text with
The names of other programs are indicated by the bold, slanted type style, e.g., grep.
File names are indicated by the underline type style, e.g., gmt.h.
While  has served the map-making and data processing needs of scientists since
the current global use was heralded by the first official release in EOS Trans. AGU in the fall of 1991. Since
then,  has grown to become a standard tool for many users, particularly in the Earth and Ocean
Sciences. Development has at times been rapid, and numerous releases have seen the light of day since
the early versions. For a detailed history of the changes from release to release, see file ChangeLog
in the main  directory. For a nightly snapshot of ongoing activity, see the online
The success of  is to a large degree due to the input of the user community. In fact, most of the
capabilities and options in  programs originated as user requests. We would like to hear from you should you
have any suggestions for future enhancements and modification. Please send your comments to the user forum on
 4.x will continue to see corrections of legacy bugs and problems, but no new features will be added.
Therefore, the  4.x releases are mostly bug-fixes as all development is now focussed on  5; this new
series, released Nov-5, 2013, is distinguished by being completely restructured to allow developers access to
high-level  modules from a variety of programming environments. Below is a brief history of the
development milestones in the 4.x series. We expect to maintain the  4 series for some time until  5
has reached a stable state and work on  6 has began.
We have corrected a few minor bugs and other issues in two of the supplements:
: Fix issue #1173.
: Fix issue #1171.
: Fix writing issue for mgd77 header.
PostScriptwrong
PostScript and grdimage.ps test.
We have corrected a few bugs and other issues for individual programs in the mgd77 supplement:
: Fix format order search. Issue #1039. Set the priority of formats to match GMT5:
MGD77+ first, then MGD77T, MGD77, and plain text table.
: Specify new search order if extension not given.
careless copy/paste via .
: Specify new search order if extension not given.
: Clarified usage of E77 bits in source and docs Did not use bitflags set with -Af
correctly.
: Specify new search order if extension not given.
: Replace wrong use of common options -B, -K, -P with options -M, -E, and
-Z, respectively.
: Failed to reduce time by time_inc before plotting marker. Specify new search
order if extension not given.
We fixed some old compiler-flags that prevented compilation under recent version of Solaris and removed some
copyrighted Numerical Recipes code in the meca supplement that were not even used. In addition, we made a few
bug corrections for individual programs:
: Did not compute correct length of clip path for azimuth-elevation projection.
: Would crash if no contours were requested.
: The -Z option did not deactivate -: for output.
: Critical bug in which the test to determine if a Cartesian data point is “close” to a node would
find most points to be close and bypass the Briggs scheme.
: Can only use logical field tests on observed data columns.
: Fix the vertical flipping under -Q0 mode.
Another bug-fix release with a few bug corrections for individual programs:
: Fix issue # 662 with graph arrows for negative scales. Flipping the n/s sides array when lon
and -y axes fixes issue #520.
gmt_inonout_sphpol_count,
inside/outside spherical cases, reported in message-2219.
: Was unable to read any value x and y coordinates.
: Fix typo in blue for high end [Issue #689].
Another bug-fix release. The default coastline version is now at 2.3.4. Below is the list of bug corrections for
individual programs:
: Fixed problem with points slightly outside region causing see issue #620.
: The map region clip path for -JE/-Je was hardwired to a full circle and did not care about
-R setting. When -R...r and -JE/-Je was given the search for enclosing geographic boundaries
failed when either the S or N pole was the projection’s antipole. Rect clipping with -Rw/s/e/nr could
introduce stray lines when dataset has features about 180 degrees away from the user’s area. Could run
into trouble clipping polygons for non-periodic maps. Added more checks in GMT_wesn_clip.
: Left a PSL variable undefined when
plotted a grid with x = longitude and y =
Cartesian.
: Fix the order of when input files and -C interact.
: The -Fpolygon option might miss points because the io-machinery would sometimes set
the min/max longitudes found incorrectly. The -Z option needed to pass records with NaNs.
: Fix y-shifts when -I sets smaller output spacing (issue #616).
: Fix bug in grdmath’s KM2DEG operator.
: Fixed wrap-around issue in fault lines.
: Fixed wrap-around issue in fault lines.
: Fix resampling for decreasing t values.
: Needed to check that grid values used in decimate function also were within
reasonable range.
: Fix problems that arise when a track has less crossovers than model parameters.
Unbeknownst to many software developers, Apple changed the behavior of strcpy in Mavericks in an effort to
strengthen the security of user codes. This caused
to crash for OS X users when it in the past had
worked fine. The problem was easily corrected but meant that all those who had just upgraded to
Mavericks were in a bind. This update corrects this problem, as well as several bugs. We also had
to revert the behavior of the
operator SDIST to again return km instead of degrees since
it cannot do degrees for geodesics. By doing km it is now aligned with what PDIST and LDIST
return for geographic data, and matches the behavior in GMT5. Some scripts had to be modified to
handle the new behavior. If you use SDIST you may wish to check your usage. To assist users wanting
spherical degrees we have added the two conversion operators KM2DEG and DEG2KM that can be
used if the ELLIPSOID setting is Sphere. Finally, since GSHHG 2.3.0 has now been released we set
that as the default coastline version. Below is the list of bug corrections for individual library files or
argument became exactly the max then the final extra zero character would be added
and exceed array length. This was a rare occurrence. Thanks to Joachim Saul for pointing it out.
: Protect against longitude wrap in the Haversine and Rudoe formulae for distances. Prevent
integer overflow when calculating image array size.
: Grid crosses clipped by map boundary were badly reoriented.
: GMT_eckert4 and GMT_eckert6 did not increment iteration counter and could in rare
situations get stuck in an infinite loop.
: Allow GMT_crossover to deal with global wrapped data.
protection
introduced
longitude-jumps
resampling
GMT_fix_up_path.
: Failed to fill in some partial bins with no actual coastlines going through, in particular
when crossing Greenwich.
: Operator SDIST used spherical calculations for geodesics and ellipsoidal calculations great
circles (we want the opposite). Now returning distances in km.
: The new testing of -I arguments failed for some grids. Vector direction did not adjust
when negative scales were used in -JX or -Jx.
: Did not check if source and destination given to
this was always
system calls in case gs or gdal_translate return with an error. Finally, make sure that image references
in KML files do not carry a directory name.
: The processing of -I and -N levels and pens could get out of sync so that the wrong pen
was used for the specified feature.
: Take superscripts and subscripts into account when determining dimensions of text box. Also
auto-widen paragraph width if the widest word actually is wider that chosen paragraph width.
: Vector direction did not adjust when negative scales were used in -JX or -Jx.
: Vector direction did not adjust when negative scales were used in -JX or -Jx.
: Fix selection of 10x10 degree identifiers.
: Make sure the default style IDs are unique for each process.
: Mishandled the assignment of segment number for each record.
Note: Due to a few technical issues we had an aborted update to 4.5.10 that was briefly released,
hence the 4.5.11-numbered version.  4.5.11 is another service release with bug-fixes only. The only non-bug
change was adding the latest dimensions for recent Sandwell/Smith img files that go up to 85°, and adding
definition file dat.def for mgd77 ASCII DAT format to the x2sys supplement. We also had to modify the –S option
to address a bug. This  release also coincides with the latest GSHHG release version 2.2.4
which adds a few missing lakes to California and fixes an error in the Baffin Island coastline and removes
skinny spikes from numerous features. Below is the list of bug corrections for individual library files or
: The magic recognition of native bit grids failed due to bad math. Wrote wrong number
of bytes per record for odd-width Sun rasterfiles.
: Would restrict grid region in
despite doing a global map with azimuthal
projections.
annotations
not properly decode yyodd (no delimiter) time coordinates like 12Oct24. The GMT_import_table
function checked for greenwich before assigning the input data.
: Shifted JD origin by one day (24 Nov, instead of 25 Nov).
hemisphere.
longitudes
functions,
GMT_wesn_clip for
GMT_grdproject_init did not handle increments that had been specified as units, e.g., -D30e.
: Did not check for map-jumping in GMT_plot_rectangle (psxy -SJ).
: Inverse -JR
now added a check. Needed to allow for minor round-off
when determining if a point is beyond the horizon for -JG general perspective projection.
: Did not use data near west column nodes that were off by 360 for gridline registered
: Did not use data near west column nodes that were off by 360 for gridline registered
: Did not use data near west column nodes that were off by 360 for gridline registered
: Susceptible to round-off when determining t of first and last output point when -T was not
: The MIN and MAX operators ignored NaNs, but result should be NaN if one of the operands
equal NaN. Wrong index order in rarely used SVD part of LSQFIT.
: Did not write values to .gmtdefaults4 if BASEMAP_TYPE was graph or inside.
: Fix normalization for std.dev of power estimate in -E.
represented
globalgrid.sh
-R selections
pixel/gridline choices.
geographic
to match specified output region.
: Did not set output as geographic after using -Jx1d.
: The MIN and MAX operators ignored NaNs, but result should be NaN if one of the operands
equal NaN. The XOR operator was incorrect, it is now clarified to be 0 if A == NaN and B == NaN,
NaN if B == NaN, else A. Fix bug in CURV operator.
: When given a -Rg grid and giving -Rg on command line, the output region became
-360/0 instead of the expected 0/360.
: We messed up an interior parameter array in the
fix in 4.5.2. This affected robust
fits and grids with NaNs.
: Did not reject vectors on far side of orthographic maps. Enforce that -Idx/dy must be
multiples of grid dx/dy and abort if they are not. Before we would crash, hang, etc.
normalization
geographic
longitudes
Needed -f in order to select -f0T input, plus it made assumptions about getting lon,lat despite not
being selected. When -T was used the number of z-layers (1) was not initialized.
: Clarify how -N works, what the defaults are, and let the minimum number of sectors
default to 50% of sectors instead of a hard-wired 2.
: Added -St to skip triangles whose 3 vertice in contrast, -S or -Sp
skips all points outside domain before triangularization.
: Multiple, ancient bugs fixed: properly mark used edges, fix memory allocations, not report
clipping if -D is used, starting point for a contour was not offset by 1/2 pixel. Was off by one in the
grid index calculation.
: The line in -D...v was plotted on top rather than beneath box.
: For -E, must read data as double so can properly compare with the nodata_value read as
: Called get_trans at north pole and tried to find a point further north. Did not honor
the -N setting.
: The azimuth written was back-azimuth, not forward. Picked id = time_column
when set was 1 (custom), causing the first custom data column to be formatted as time (this is for the
netCDF format files).
: Make sure we visit replicated columns for gridline registered grids.
Predominantly a bug-fix release, we also have made some changes to GSHHS. First, GSHHS is now called
GSHHG, the “Global Self-consistent Hierarchical High-resolution Geography”, since GSHHG contains both
shorelines as well as political boundaries and rivers. GSHHG, being required by both  4 and 5, is now
released separately from . Second, we have made some minor changes to a few islands that have shown to be
offset with respect to modern data (Tahiti, Moorea, and Mehetia in South Pacific and Agalega Islands in the Indian
Ocean). Third, we have removed the item known as “Sandy Island” in the Corel Sea since available satellite data
show no evidence of land in this area. Finally, we have purged 48 duplicates of very small islands
(mostly in the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and the Cook-Austral archipelago) where inaccurate WDBII
versions and accurate WVS versions of the same features had survived our initial processing. This
 release thus coincides with the latest GSHHG release version 2.2.2. We also fixed a typo in the
MJD date in the gmtdefaults.txt documentation and updated the CM4 coefficient files for the mgd77
supplement.
Below is the list of bug corrections for individual programs:
: For -R...r the adjusted w/e/s/n for a grid could have excessive e/n values, leading to extra
work and large intermediate grids.
: With -R...r and -JE,
could end up trying to paint a block that is outside the
rectangular region yet whose projection completely contains the region. Clipping function could shift
the w/e boundaries by an extra 360, thus finding nothing inside in some
: Will now look for either “.nc” or “.cdf” GSHHG needed since GSHHG is now
stand-alone. Also look in given dir directory if compiled in via configure with-gshhg-dir=dir.
orientation
Hottendorff. Resolved case of crossings at perfect saddles.
: Operators UPPER and LOWER did not assign output to rows that contain NaN.
: For -D4 we must set scale based on max |lat| in input grid.
: The north coordinate would get reset to 2 when -C was used, thus creating wrong map
setup calls.
: Had to backport changes implemented in  5 to make the -C-T-G combination work
shorthands
Lachapelle.
: Would hang for -Jx...d due to wrong meter-per-degree variable.
: Bug in parsing the -A arguments.
: Copied 4 rather than 2 characters into day field, causing overflow and SEGV.
: The -A+ttime option did not parse ISO calendar items.
: Initialized a max value to -DBL_MIN instead of -DBL_MAX.
geocentric
coordinates.
: Did not check for time reversals among total reconstruction rotations.
: Bad format statement would wreck the 5th output column when run in default
calculating
Disallowed
distance gap check if time was present.
Another bug-fix release, except for the mgd77 supplement where we now have added support for the new
MGD77T tab-delimited format introduced by NGDC, and for
under Windows where the
Ghostscript executable path is now fetched from the registry. In case that fails, we fall back to the old “get it
from the path” mechanism. One common bug shared by several programs was the failure to consult
FIELD_DELIMITER and/or D_FORMAT for ASCII output formatting. Below is the list of bug corrections for
individual programs:
: Change nx and ny to “unsigned short int” type in surfer6 header. Note that original
format specification by Golden Software clearly say they are “short int” but this change shouldn’t break
anything and will allow dealing with larger grid sizes.
: The opening of files for rec-by-rec grid reading had a mixed if-test that inadvertently could
take us to the wrong else clause.
: -R0/360/... and -JMlon/lat would not set global_map properly, giving NaNs as scale.
GMT_xy_axis,
string[GMT_CALSTRING_LENGTH] was used to hold labels that could be longer, leading to memory
corruption.
: For -JE, both projection center and its antipode gave x = y = 0. Now, antipode (which
maps to a circle) results in NaN, NaN. Determine whether conic projections are north or south polar by
looking at the selected region, not just the central point.
GMT_crossover was
susceptible
GMT_getfill got confused when a Windows path C:/etc was given as an pattern file (mixed up with
:F and :B mechanism). In GMT_hold_contour_sub, a variable called closed (which could be a
flag 0-3) was used as a 0/1 variable. Added variable is_closed = 0|1. Fixed error in reading colors of
patterns in -G options. GMT_inonout_sphpol_count did not properly handle line segments that
were exactly vertical in all cases, leading to errors as to a point being inside or outside a spherical
: Now recognizes any region to be a global grid as long as nx*dx == 360. The -Z option would
give incorrect re print warning if output grid equals input grid (i.e., no change).
: Now recognizes any region to be a global grid as long as nx*dx == 360.
: Now recognizes any region to be a global grid as long as nx*dx == 360.
: Now recognizes any region to be a global grid as long as nx*dx == 360.
: Now recognizes any -R as a global grid as long as nx*dx == 360.
: Contouring could suffer from the same round-off issues that affected
(and fixed
back in 2004). Now the same fix is applied here. Also let -S default to 0 a this
matches the default in . Also, when nodes are adjusted to avoid matching a contour value
exactly (during contouring), the same adjustment must be made later when those nodes are used to
determine how to stitch together polygons for fill.
: Avoid infinite loop if a record has different number of fields than expected.
: Now recognizes any region to be a global grid as long as nx*dx == 360.
: For -Ginc -bo we failed to write any output.
: On Windows it never actually opened the input data file, so a crash resulted down the road.
Only require two input columns when using -An.
: Could not read from stdin because of the cross dll boundaries on Windows, must use
GMT_stdin instead of stdin.
: Could not read from stdin because of the cross dll boundaries on Windows, must use
GMT_stdin instead of stdin.
: Did not show -A in the synopsis. Could not read from stdin because of the cross dll
boundaries on Windows, must use GMT_stdin instead of stdin.
: Fix memory allocation bug in MGD77_Read_Header_Sequence where it was
MGD77_RECORD_LENGTH
MGD77_HEADER_LENGTH
: Confused the meaning of the -F shorthands mgd77 and all. Now handle all stored
and derived quantities needed to reproduce original data files.
: Did not set GMT’s time system to Unix before dealing with dates. Now done
centrally by MGD77_Init.
: A memset call used wrong size if 64-bit, thus not resetting some boolean values
causing crossovers to be missed.
This is another bug-fix release, including an update to GSHHS (now at 2.2.0) which fixes a truncation error for the
polygon areas (which only affected users of the gshhs supplement and not  itself). The supplement tool
now has a few more options to allow better feature extraction for GSHHS users. Below is the list of bug
corrections:
: Did not do proper indexing for complex data. Had wrong size for array floatvalue.
: Failed to create proper old-style v3 netcdf file if selected for as output format in .
Did not account for the doubling of a grid array for complex data when scaling data after read. This
give odd results when grids with a scale other than 1 was read. Bug was first introduced
in  3.0 in 1995, making it a bug with seniority!
GMT_wesn_search did
longitudes
proper quadrant checking as in . GMT_wesn_clip needed to adjust longitudes to fit the
given domain. Clip path for van Grinten was wrong for global maps.
: Did not implement complex arrays at all.
: Force arcs to be clockwise in GMT_pie and GMT_matharc.
: Hardwired DEG_TO_KM with Earth’s mean radius meant wrong distance results for
other planets. Now using the current ELLIPSOID values.
: Did not restore to current font size after a sub- or super-script if a font size change had previously
super-script
Christian Sperber for noticing].
: Could crash if -C -A give no contours and we freed a non-allocated array. [Thanx to
Walter Harms].
: Now mentions which formats are supported and polices the process.
: The -N option did not consider replicate w/e points for gridline-registered grids.
: The -Nr option did not work as it skipped assigning the NaN. Convolution weights were
y-transposed so gave wrong results at/near the poles for spherical filtering. Also, some nodes were
duplicated in the convolution, resulting in inconsistent values at the S or N pole. Now gives consistent
values at poles and along shared E/W cols.
: When image is grayscale and -Q is used then image must be converted to 24-bit and we set
NaN color to a non-gray value.
: Did not correctly truncate nodes for GSHHS bins with no data.
: Output header had wrong units when non-inch settings were in effect.
grdview_init_setup because
unpredictable
lineup of different 3D plots.
: Kept treating x,y as lon,lat when -G[lon/lat/]c (c for Cartesian) were given.
: The -N1 selection did not reset the minimum sector setting to 1. For global region in
longitudes, cannot extend w/e limits as we do for Cartesian and region-limited areas.
: The -G-T combination failed to produce great circles.
: Got wrong contour level when some segments along edges were skipped.
: Option -L was missing from the synopsis. The -A option resets the text angle but also needed
to reset justification.
: Fixed bug when reading a file using -E option on Windows.
: Did not check that input file could be found before trying to compute stuff and crash
[Thanks to Orion Poplawski].
grid xmin/xmax honors the current OUTPUT_DEGREE_FORMAT range settings. Could end up with
w=e=0 in some cases.
This is another bug-fix release, including an update to GSHHS which fixes error is the Germany-Poland border and
a few “spiky” islands. Therefore, this version requires the new GSHHS 2.1.1 release. We also patched some errors
in the “jet” color table. Below is the list of bug corrections:
: On Windows: Look for HOMEPATH after HOME for setting GMT_HOMEDIR. Processing
of mathangle symbol (-Sm[bfl]) confused the unit detector. The symbol-parsing for psxy and psxyz did
not properly set the column types when no symbol size was given. This affected symbols that require
angles (-Sw, -SE, -SJ) when unit was SI. The -: option messed up th should
only swap x,y data columns, not type columns.
: Apply netcdf fix for open/ thanks to Sebastian Heimann.
: Increase the size of the string array in GMT_grd_get_units to avoid “Buffer overrun”
that occurred with long description strings.
: When ASCII mode, also need to save/restore any netcdf i/o settings.
left/right-circle functions. We have a safety valve for preventing a painful slow search around the map
perimeter. The search is appropriate for maps but not for mapproject results. The limit was for 200 inch
wide maps == 14400p. A user ran pscoast with 14401p and was caught. Now check for 400 inch and
also check current page size (PAPER_MEDIA). If map width vastly outsizes the paper size then it is
probably a projection job.
: Apply netcdf fix for open/ thanks to Sebastian Heimann.
: A colored TICK_PEN would also color annotations. Tried to free an unallocated array in
GMT_draw_custom_symbol.
: GMT_cspline should initialize c[0] = c[n-1] = 0.0 in case it is called repeatedly
[this is not the case in GMT]. When calculating how far to place an annotation from the tick mark we
must check if a fancy frame width exceeds the tick length. GMT_inonout_sphpol_count failed
to detect crossings if a polygon had vertical line-segments with same longitude as the point we were
: Add check for incomplete escape sequences..
: Due to resampling of parallels in -N, some points exactly on a coast bin parallel could fail
the test due to roundoff. Fixed by not resampling coastlines since it is a Cartesian test.
: Extended -Ef mode to write floats (patch by Pierre Cazenave).
: Now complains if no -S option was given.
: Allow -D2 and -D3 to handle periodic and polar boundary conditions.
: Same as entry for .
: Must skip “polygons” with less than 3 points. Also, the resampling distance for spherical
data was wrong, now 0.1 degrees.
: Not providing -R was not working anymore. Test if hemisphere sign is provided when
doing -Ju and no -R. Now assign proper x/y units.
: Message about -L being obsolete should only come when
else it is
valid for BC setting.
: Bug fix after last -F option update. Must pass the optional -C args when calculating BB.
Added -dSAFER as well, + fix -F option [F. Wobbe]. For some reason -W was not forcing -A. Now it
does it again.
: Did not find some contours following triangle edges.
: Need to keep the original -R-J around for proper calls.
: Now patterns have constant orientation regardless of using horizontal or vertical bar.
: Changed default to a more reasonable -N4/2.
: Did not list -Q in the synopsis.
: Bug if using seconds (c) in search radius (got minutes).
: Did not use projected coordinates when -R-J was given.
: Do not tolerate NaNs in x,y and give error (e.g., if junk is given). Failed if -Evalue was
given and the ESRI grid already had a nodata-value line. Now will process this line, if present. The
value given on the command line will override any setting found in the file. Also made string-checks
case-insensitive.
components.
Thanks to Jeremy Pesicek. Fix bug affecting the plot of P and T axis.
: Round-off could lead to false detection of a non-equally spaced grid.
: Options -N+ and -D would crash under Windows (usual DLL hell).
: For -W, now report full-length major/minor axes and not SEMI-axes (docs said
major/minor but code did semi.)
: Did not handle the rotation of an entire global grid since the polygon outline
interfered with the domain.
: Forgot to skip args when -N or -S was used.
: Minor bug in x2sys binary reading of floats.
: When geographic data and -R it failed to consider periodic longitudes.
flags reflected the entire track on not just the portion inside the region. Man page updated to clarify
what is returned.
: Did not write both of -Nd-Ns to the tag file. Crashed if -D was not given [should
imply -DTAG].
This is again mostly a bug-fix release, and coincides with the availability of
 5.0.0α.
Due to a few issues we had an aborted update to 4.5.4 that hence the 4.5.5-numbered
version. A few minor improvements have been added:
supplement now converts geodetic latitudes to geocentric before doing spherical rotations
and recovers geodetic coordinates for output (this new behavior can be bypassed by setting ELLIPSOID
to Sphere). Thanks to L. M. Matias for pointing this out.
We have added time-axes support for the Hawaiian language (Thanks to Kāwika Trang).
Here is the list of bug corrections:
: Now sets correct mex extensions for 64-bit operating systems.
: The -B labels would not tolerate use of the text escape sequence @: (for changing font size).
: Did not check if nodes were beyond the horizon in GMT_grd_project. Also did not
initialize output grid to NaNs before filling.
: Bug in fault symbol
-Sfrc fixed (thanks to J. Robert). Also, GMT_map_latline
and GMT_map_lonline functions tried to draw two-point lines when in fact no points were defined.
: The -D options would crash under Windows.
: The -Ap|m
options were ignored since the mode was not checked.
: Lacked -fg so could not paste 352/360 and 0/8 in longitudes.
: Did not ensure that given -R was adjusted to fit grid spacing.
: Did not show/explain the option of appending + to -L. Corrected synopsis, usage, and
man page. Did not reset azimuth to NaN at start of new segment.
: With -I, could end up returning -R355/0/... since 360 became 0.
: Did not check if -S had not been set.
: The -L option had trouble parsing if there were + signs within the label string.
: The -L option had trouble parsing if there were + signs within the label string.
: Made tolerant of \r-only
line-endings which caused trouble before. The -A- option did not reset -A for -W.
: The justify text variable must be 3-char longs to hold trailing 0. This caused SEGV on some
: Did not warn if clipping levels were not restored in last overlay.
: Added missing description of -A option.
overridden
MEASURE_UNIT.
options were ignored since the mode was not checked.
: The -F option had no break statement to prevent fall-through.
: Had inactive code to write segment header to output.
: The -G option was not listed in synopsis or usage, only in the man pages. Also
-Fall+ and -Fmgd77+ did not append the auxiliary columns properly.
: The -D option failed on numeric arguments.
: Could crash if -C was used.
-D“description”
segment has more than one point, else just use segment label.
: Complained of “bad option” when a rotation with a negative longitude was
given on the command line, e.g., -135/35/-2.5. Would sometimes issue a rotation twice (for the same
: Did not have LDFLAGS in link statement.
Also, Appendix F had missing shading for two items in the Standard+ table, and example 23 placed the city names at
an angle of 1 degree rather than horizontally.
A few minor technical issues in the distribution led us to make a few changes and increment the version to
This is mostly a bug-fix release, including more corrections to the political boundaries distributed via the GSHHS
netCDF files (these affect the Syria-Israel, Israel-Jordan, Moldova-Ukraine, and the Eritrea-Ethiopia borders) as
well as missing river-lake metadata in the GSHHS distribution. Therefore, this version requires the new GSHHS
2.1.0 release.
Here is the list of bug corrections:
: Fixed reversed use off –enable-flock.
: Chop off any eventual EOLs characters that might be in argv strings as it will happen when it
was created by a shell command. We need this so that native Windows binaries can be used in Cygwin.
GMT_is_a_blank_line
“t”
whitespace.
GMT_io.skip_duplicates [FALSE] to control if consecutive records with identical x,y should
be skipped. This is needed by programs that uses GMT_sph_inonout, which does not expect to find
duplicates vertices. GMT_fgets now checks for input record truncation and handles this gracefully
(gives warning and winds to next record).
: Tried to free memory when nothing had been allocated. GMT_wesn_clip function would
clip polygons even though there were no restrictions on longitudes (w/e = 360).
: Parallels that should be straight (e.g., in -JI) would sometimes appear with jump gaps.
Fixed bug in GMT_plot_map_scale that could lead to endless loops when using scales to 100 km
or any exact power of 10. Error was limited to 64-bit.
: Option -G was freeing the output name before it was even allocated.
annotation
annotations improved by using centroids.
: Did not handle periodic longitude input when -fg was used.
: Fixed bug in parsing of -W[m|c|f]
option when color starts with [m|c|f].
Check that topo and illumination file have the same size, otherwise it would crash.
: Must insist that one of [-R-I], -N, or -T is specified.
: Applied scaling to -Cdx/dy when -Fk was used, despite docs saying -C is in meters
when -F is used. Fixed, and clarified docs/man to say with -F, -C is always in meters.
: Did not handle periodic longitude input when -fg was used.
: Now checks that all PS files begin with %!PS. End matter did not get parsed when there is
no %%Orientation.
: Fixed incorrect bin count when a datapoint equaled xmax.
: Uninitialized text string could put garbage in script.
: Did not handle periodic longitude input when -fg was used.
coordinates
azimuth/direction
conversions
dimensions with units passed via columns in the data file.
coordinates
azimuth/direction
conversions
dimensions with units passed via columns in the data file.
: Did not handle periodic longitude input when -fg was used.
: Removed out of place and repeated line to compute size in -a option.
: Replaced calls to d_atan2 by d_atan2d since the code expects angles in degrees.
: Incorrectly added track list =tracks.lis as another track name after correctly including
all the listed tracks. No harm done other than an annoying “Cannot find track =tracks” message.
: Fix bug in -A option when using const time in calendar format.
: Now has proper synopsis.
anticipate
attributes
<PlaceMark >,
: Incorrect items for cols 3–4 for -N.
: Need to include the “.” when checking if a suffix is present in a filename. Reading of
data formats .gmt and custom returned all columns and not just the requested columns, causing errors
: Check to see if both lon and lat had been requested only checked for longitude
: Implemented -S[+] to print info relevant to both cruises.
Here is a list of the recent enhancement these were introduced to correct mistakes or
overcome limitations:
has added function SQR (square).
now lets -S work alone without requiring -G.
] has added function SQR (square).
-Dxgap now allows gaps to be in projected distances.
was updated for 11th generation IGRF – IGRF2010.
needed –L+[list] so internal crossovers can be added.
color table donated by Andreas Trawoeger.
qualitative color table by Cynthia Brewer.
This is mostly another bug-fix release, including one that required us to add more meta-data to the GSHHS
coastline netCDF files. Therefore, this version requires GSHHS 2.0.2 or higher. As was the case for 4.5.1, note that
the GSHHS polygons themselves have not changed (still at version 2.0). We also added in the relatively recent
Nunavut province boundary in Canada. However, some enhancements were added as well, most notably a new
graph frame mode for linear projections (to add arrow heads to math axes) and a new symbol in
(to draw a
circular arrow used to indicate angles); these capabilities are demonstrated in a new (and final) example 30. Finally,
we fixed the long-standing problem of
-SE requesting major and minor axes but actually treating
them as if they are semi-axes. We now consistently expect and use
thus notice a scaling of two if you continue to give semi-major/minor axes. Here is the list of bug
corrections:
: Fixed bug with –rpath.
: Fixed bug resulting from releasing the pointer to from_gdalread structure before its
members were freed.
: Force computation of min/max since metadata info may be wrong.
: GMT_read_img did not apply swab if little-endian architecture.
: GMT_access did not check for NULL filename.
: Now guards against getting a negative hash value, which happened when text was Russian
language codes from ru.d. If GMT_DATADIR was set to a list of colon-separated dirs then init failed
since we tried to check access as if GMT_DATADIR was always a single entity (as in the past). Opened
file with fopen but closed with GMT_fclose. Bug in the parsing of -Jglon/lat/radius/lat. Both
.gmtdefaults4 and .gmtcommands4 were assumed to be in UNIX format. Now we properly chop off
Windows or Unix end-of-line characters.
: Opened file with GMT_fopen but closed with fclose.
: qsort of GMT_LONGs was passed int arrays. The calculation of the actual plot width of
a map scale did not account for the effect of a 3-D view angle.
: Changes to accommodate new GSHHS2.0.2 netCDF files which needed more metadata
to properly compute the level of tile corners after features where dropped due to size, etc.
: Increase the size of the variable that contains the path to a CPT file and the pathname
to BUFSIZ bytes.
: The -S option faile the
change screwed that up. Now
fixed and tested.
: The -Q option should only apply to closed contours, and -T failed to find an inside point
for some oblique projections.
: Now, -Lg will imply -fg to properly set geographic units. Fixed bug where the gradient
at the south pole was not replicated to x = east.
: Round-off and bug caused missing nodes for -F with -Rd.
: The -Z option gave z-values a longitude formatting, including 360-degree wrapping.
: The -S option failed after recent i/o makeover.
: Ellipse was wrongly dimensioned by semi-major and semi-minor axes, instead of major and
minor axes. Also, memory never got freed by ps_free.
: Needed to set scale to 1 so the bounding box calculations would be correct for EPS output.
: The -Bg now correctly produces gridlines using GRID_PEN_PRIMARY.
: Incorrectly drew tips at plot boundary when clipping the error bars.
: Fixed bug in distance sorting (also made much simpler).
call did not have the required -Q.
: SEGV when an array index was allowed to become -1.
coordinates
additional
: NULL segment headers were passed to strcpy() to give SEGV; also fixed output
message when -C was used and only one segment was present.
: Mix of fopen and GMT_fclose not good under Windoze.
: Bad index on line 317 went outside array limit. Also did not initialize the grid
header properly.
: Did not initialize the grid header properly.
: When -L is set, -mo must be turned on automatically even if -m is not set.
: Bug in node index resulted in no longitudinal variation in the rotated grid.
: Did not accept -m, only the now obsolete -M.
: Did not retrieve the correct data columns when -F was used.
: Weights were not written out when names were selected as well, as in -Fncw.
Here is a list of the recent enhancement to various programs:
-S optionally
best-fitting
[Default].
has new BASEMAP_TYPE = graph option for linear projections that wish to have
their axes extended 7.5%, ending in arrow heads.
has a new option -N which can be used to replace NaNs with another value on output.
now has a new symbol -Sm option for math angle, which lets user draw a circular arc with
optional curved arrow heads at neither, one, or both ends.
also has the new symbol -Sm option but does not draw the curved arrow heads yet.
adds attribute array of TZ corrections for the few cruises that stored TZ
and local time instead of UTC time.
has new option -E to reduce stage pole opening angles by fact [0.5] (e.g., to
get half-spreading rates).
now lets x2sys programs automatically strip off extensions for tracks given via list
files. Also, various lists can contain header records.
extensions
to be used with -L. Finally, -D now only lists track names.
This is almost entirely a bug-fix release where we address several 64-bit incompatibilities and rebuild the netcdf
GSHHS library to include some attributes from GSHHS that were needed by new options in
programs. Note that the GSHHS polygons have not changed (still at version 2.0), but we had to update the derived
netcdf repackaging used by  to 2.0.1. However, some enhancements were added as well, most significantly
support for the polyconic projection (-JPoly), experimental support for grid and image imports via GDAL
(requires –enable-gdal during configure and properly installed GDAL libraries and include files), and allowing
-JXwidth/height to recompute a height given as zero based on the width (or vice versa) and the aspect ratio of the
Here is the list of bug corrections:
: Now use –enable-flock to enable file locking, instead of –disable-flock to disable if. Use
–enable-64
compilation,
–disable-64
default. Switch -DGMT_QSORT is now on only for OS X prior to Snow Leopard as the latter has a
correctly working 64-bit qsort function.
: Made surfer grid header i/o 64-bit compliant.
: Changed GMT_truncate from being a pointer function (PFL) to a regular function that
simply calls GMT_truncate_x or GMT_truncate_tm depending on whether projection is TM.
This to avoid problems with calling GMT_truncate with constant argument -1 in 64-bit machines
and thus producing wrapped
: The -A+r|+l
option was premature as more info in the GSHHS netcdf files were needed to properly skip features.
Now working with the revision GSHHS 2.0.1.
: The routine that checks if a points is inside or outside a polar cap had trouble when a
point’s longitude exactly equalled one of the polygon points since round-off could cause our test to fail.
Fixed bug in x_inc variable as function of latitude. GMT_log_array recoded to avoid 64-bit error
(last value was not included).
: The -L option was not used in limiting contours.
: The -EH option did not work.
: With -D, the internal di, dj constants were set way too large.
: With -Jxscaled, distances were not scaled correctly so -D failed.
: Got wrong time as time initialization had changed but not implemented in
this program.
: Bug in -I
needed to set bitpattern for bad faa.
output got scrambled due to DLL hell.
: Failed in 64-bit mode due to variable mismatches.
: The -L option failed if list contained file extensions.
: Did not allocate array for storing weights.
Here is a list of the recent enhancement to various programs:
now has optional GDAL read-only interface as format 22 (code gd).
has new default TRANSPARENCY = stroke/fill that can change the PDF transparency for
stroked and filled items [Note: Only supported by Adobe Distiller].
has added option to reduce all color to gray scale via PS_COLOR = gray.
has optional support that allow single-band image import via GDAL.
now has -bo option.
can combine IGRF and CM4 computations.
This is another significant update of the official distribution and hence it has a mix of bug fixes and
program enhancements. We have added a new supplement (sph) which offers interpolation, triangulation
(Delaunay and Voronoi), and distance calculations on a spherical surface. The hard work is done by the
original effort of Robert Renka who developed the Fortran-77 SSRFPACK and STRIPACK
these are here supplied via a f2c-assisted translation. The imgsrc supplement has a new Bourne script
, which simplifies making Google Earth tiles from Sandwell and Smith bathymetry. The
mgd77 supplement has a new program , which is used to evaluate either the CM4
comprehensive geomagnetic model, a more sophisticated alternative to IGRF, or the IGRF. The misc
supplement has received two new tools ( and ) that simplify the presentation of
 data in Google Earth, and one () that offers directional spatial filtering of grids. The x2sys
supplement has a new tool () to merge updated COEs table into a main COE table database.
has evolved further and can now be used to create simple KML files for Google
A major new enhancement is the global option -g, which is used to determine if excessive spacing between
data points (“gaps”, to be defined in a variety of ways) should be used to segment an otherwise continuous line. We
expect to enable -g in several programs duri at the moment it is available in ,
and . Given that all the lower-case  options deal with low-level data i/o settings
we have decided to rename the -M option (which controls the presence of multiple segment headers) to -m;
this allows us to promote this ubiquitous option to global status (i.e., has the same meaning in all
 programs). Use of -M will remain valid for the rest of  4.x but results in a warning about the new
usage. Related to this is the introduction of a new parameter (NAN_RECORDS) that determines if
NaNs in key columns (such as longitude, latitude) should constitute a line break or bad data to be
We have revised how ellipsoids are specified. When importing an ellipsoid file, we allow a,b,f as
ellipsoid parameters, where b or f could both be zero. If file does not exist, attempt to read name as
a[/[b=|f=]f],
meaning semi-major axis, b=semi-minor axis, f = flattening, or inverse flattening. We have also added parameters
for the TOPEX ellipsoid and for the Moon and planets (IAU2000).
This release of  coincides with the release 2.0 of GSHHS, the coastline data used by . In addition to
general improvements to the data, we have expanded the -A option that controls the limits on what features to
extract. New modifiers allow users to exclude “river-lakes” and any feature whose area is less than a fraction of the
original full resolution feature.
Finally, our configure script continues to evolve and now better supports installation on 64-bit systems and can
automatically detect if and where netCDF exists on your system.
Here is the list of bug corrections:
: In GMT_ras_read_grd_info, wrong size was passed to fread.
GMT_grd_setregion:
longitudes
outward. Caused white-space left and right in .
: No longer remove supposedly empty .gmtcommands4 file. Could have been written to by
piped  command. Now create/write only when new matter is to be written.
: When only -mi is set there should be no multisegment headers on output. yet there was no
if-test to check for that.
GMT_az_backaz_flatearth:
incorrectly
GMT_get_rotate_pole:
GMT_rotate_pole_forward
Incorrectly
projection
equidistant).
Incorrectly
-E...+ mechanism
geographic.
Z; Zones A+B reached till 84S instead of 80S; Zone J wrongly produced value for Zone K; Zones
U+W Now also equates Zone O to Zone P (already equated Zone I to J).
: There was no support for (a) floating point grids and (b) swapping happened
based on machine byte order and not based on actual file byte order.
zmin/zmax to NaN when info not in header.
: Crashed when using time labels in 3D plot.
: Fixed bug in longitude computation when standard parallel is on Southern Hemisphere.
GMT_read_cpt for
conversion.
option used in many programs (such as ) could not handle exponential notations. Determining of
a color scale is continuous should be based on HSV (not RGB) values when read as HSV. The modifier
:radius[unit] to the -G option in
for the placement of contour labels is now +rradius[unit]
since the colon interfered with ddd:mm:ss coordinates. Given -I601+/601+ the y-increment was not
processed correctly. Fixed bug when x_inc in km, m, etc, the value was ignored (always 1).
: Gave bogus usage about number of input columns when -E is set but -E only affects
output. Same for
: With -S, did not report the number of output segments.
: Tried to free memory that was not allocated.
: Toggle -T was not processed correctly if -Rgridfile was given.
: For geographic grids, make sure N and S pole only has a single value on output.
: Calculation of nz layers was off by one, leaving out the penultimate layer.
: We now make sure the NaN color is unique when -Q is used.
: The PDIST operator did not handle binary input files (as LDIST does).
: Exceeded memory allocation for out_file. Now in static memory.
: Produce at least “S V” when the clippath is empty.
: Produce at least “S V” when the clippath is empty.
: When using -A with a vertical color bar, the annotations where left- in stead of right-aligned.
When using -A on horizontal bar, the last tick mark would not appear.
: Checked wrong variable to test if a file was given on the command line.
: Needed to convert the output from d_atan2 to degrees.
terminated
ASCII files. Fixed bug in MGD77_igrf10syn routine (mistake done while cleaning the f2c version)
that resulted in altitude always being on Earth surface when geocentric coordinates were used. Do not
use any  i/o-functions to access ascii files on creation/writing so that it can work under Windows
as well. Converting files from netCDF to MGD77 where time = NaN gave junk records.
: Used GMT_LONG in memset for an array allocated as int. Used wrong time for
IGRF worst case situation was off by 1 year.
attributes.
revised attributes are carried in memory. This problem also affected
-FC if used on
situation was off by 1 year. Now uses GMT_read_img to handle *. earlier the inline code
would fail on the new extended img files.
: Did not reset the E77 structure between cruises.
: Did not read standard input if no files were given. Now honors -V properly.
: Wrong array argument passed for correction aux values.
: Removed the -F option which was not honored anyway.
: Now properly copies the *.def file to the TAG dir.
: Only ASCII output had corrections (-L) applied.
: Fixed -D option (was falling in a endless loop).
Here is a list of the recent enhancement to various programs:
perspective
specification
NAN_RECORDS
[skip]. If “pass” we treat let the programs handle the NaNs; for some programs the NaNs in input
record will act as indicators of data gaps for continuous lines. If “skip” we report them as bad records.
In both cases the records are skipped. Allow negative integer interval (-n) for this
means annotate every n’th power of 10.
will properly handle netCDF that have LatLon = 0, 1: flip x and y.
Added support for the +ppercent modifier to limit features whose area is less percent of
the corresponding full-resolution polygon.
enables GMT_intpol to handle NaNs by treating them as segment boundaries. Rely
on Shewchuk’s triangle function to get Voronoi output.
now returns the quantile(x), quantile(y) location when -T is used. Added -Eb to get
box-and-whisker output (0. 25, 50, 75, and 100% quantiles).
now allows -S~pattern
which reports segments whose header does NOT contain pattern. Should pattern actually start with
we escape it with \~pattern.
can now handle dateTclock strings in -Z when used with data whose 3rd column contains
added MOD function (remainder after floored division, Knuth style). This is in contrast
to FMOD which gives the remainder after (horror) truncated division.
Same upgrade to -A option as .
has new option -Z which is used to determine a rectangular subregion so that the rejected
area have values entirely outside the given z-range.
now also has a Butterworth band-pass filter.
will now use plain text (and not code) to report the file format used. Add option -L0 to
actually scan data to determine zmin and zmax.
Same upgrade to -A option as .
added MOD function (remainder after floored division).
takes -W+k to create a simple KML file for Google Earth. Several other modifiers help
to populate the KML file.
has a new option -T that turns on map region clipping without
shorthand for -N/dev/null.
has enhanced -C[l|r/]it
fill offers to paint river-lakes separately from lakes. The -A option can be used to exclude river-lakes
or lakes for level 2. -W now allows different pens for the 4 levels of shorelines.
record no longer needed before T; T, L, S, H
I, M, B -B
option added.
added -g to break lines into segments b added -T to be a shorthand for
reading no input, where we used /dev/null before.
added -g to break lines into segments based on gap criteria.
has new option -Q to generate Voronoi polygon edges.
allows users to give file.ext on command line.
will]. Also clarified the ranges implied by -D and -S. Added -Fytime which gives decimal absolute
year for time output. Modifier -At added which attempts to create fake cruise times based on header
information and distance along track.
added -AE to ignore the verification status and process e77 anyway.
added -P- to just list the IDs and not the full paths.
added -Gt|dgap
to recognize gaps in tracks based on distance or time between successive points.
-W options
magnetometer tow distance. Also tries to get info from header file.
has enhanced -T option to eliminate connections when the 2nd closest pair is too
close. Also added -C option to simply separate the open from the closed polygons (no stitching). Added
-L option to write out segment-link information.
can now accept list of weights for each track and output the composite weight
for each crossover.
has option -W means an extra column with crossover weight.
This is a significant update of the official distribution and hence has a mix of bug fixes and program enhancements.
We have added a new program () which offers interpolation and gridding in 1–3 dimensions using
Green’s functions of various splines. Also, the misc supplement has a new tool () which offers
line-reduction using the Douglas-Peucker algorithm we used for the various shoreline resolutions. The mex
supplement has a new Matlab/Octave function () to directly read Sandwell/Smith *.img files. The
x2sys supplement has three new programs:
can extract a subset of crossovers from the list produced
reports statistics of crossovers, whereas
will determine
sy