&figure&&img src=&https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-e5ccf0bc43f75f145e18_b.jpg& data-rawwidth=&600& data-rawheight=&300& class=&origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb& width=&600& data-original=&https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-e5ccf0bc43f75f145e18_r.jpg&&&/figure&&p&&/p&&blockquote&作者：王亨 公众号：跟着菜鸟一起学R语言 (微信ID：learn_R)&br&配套教程：初级入门篇：R语言快速入门免费视频教程 &a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//edu.hellobi.com/course/68& class=& external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&&span class=&invisible&&https://&/span&&span class=&visible&&edu.hellobi.com/course/&/span&&span class=&invisible&&68&/span&&span class=&ellipsis&&&/span&&/a&&/blockquote&&p&&br&&/p&&p&在我看来，正则表达式的主要用途有两种：①查找特定的信息②查找并编辑特定的信息，也就是我们经常用的替换。。比如我们要在Word，记事本等里面使用快捷键Ctrl+F，进行查找一个特定的字符，或者替换一个字符，这就使用了正则表达式。&/p&&p&正则表达式的功能非常强大，尤其是在文本数据进行处理中显得更加突出。R中的grep、grepl、sub、gsub、regexpr、gregexpr等函数都使用正则表达式的规则进行匹配。这几个函数原型如下：&/p&&div class=&highlight&&&pre&&code class=&language-text&&&span&&/span&grep(pattern, x, ignore.case = FALSE, perl = FALSE, value = FALSE,
fixed = FALSE, useBytes = FALSE, invert = FALSE)
grepl(pattern, x, ignore.case = FALSE, perl = FALSE,
fixed = FALSE, useBytes = FALSE)
sub(pattern, replacement, x, ignore.case = FALSE, perl = FALSE,
fixed = FALSE, useBytes = FALSE)
gsub(pattern, replacement, x, ignore.case = FALSE, perl = FALSE,
fixed = FALSE, useBytes = FALSE)
regexpr(pattern, text, ignore.case = FALSE, perl = FALSE,
fixed = FALSE, useBytes = FALSE)
gregexpr(pattern, text, ignore.case = FALSE, perl = FALSE,
fixed = FALSE, useBytes = FALSE)
regexec(pattern, text, ignore.case = FALSE, perl = FALSE,
fixed = FALSE, useBytes = FALSE)
&/code&&/pre&&/div&&p& 这里是对参数进行一个解释说明。&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&参数说明&br&&/p&&figure&&img src=&https://pic4.zhimg.com/v2-c99dfef61d11bbbb0be80_b.jpg& data-caption=&& data-rawwidth=&761& data-rawheight=&381& class=&origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb& width=&761& data-original=&https://pic4.zhimg.com/v2-c99dfef61d11bbbb0be80_r.jpg&&&/figure&&p&&br&&/p&&p&接下来我们对这几个函数谈谈他们的不同点。&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&函数作用&br&&/p&&figure&&img src=&https://pic3.zhimg.com/v2-f42ae26769cebceaaa89_b.jpg& data-caption=&& data-rawwidth=&957& data-rawheight=&877& class=&origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb& width=&957& data-original=&https://pic3.zhimg.com/v2-f42ae26769cebceaaa89_r.jpg&&&/figure&&p&&br&&/p&&p&
下面是我对正则表达式转义字符的一些总结，但R语言里面grep、grepl、sub、gsub、regexpr、gregexpr这几个函数并不支持使用 “\” 进行转义。&/p&&p&正则表达式转义字符&br&空白元字符[\b]回退（并删除）一个字符（backspace）&br&\f换页符&br&\n换行符&br&\r回车符&br&\t制表符（tab）&br&\v垂直制表符&br&注：\r\n是windows所用的文本行结束符，Unix和Linux只是用一个换行符来结束一个文本行&br&匹配数字与非数字\d任何一个数字字符，等价于[0-9]&br&\D任何一个非数字字符，等价于^[0-9]&br&匹配字母\非字母与数字\w任何一个字母数字字符（大小写均可以）或下划线字符（等价于[a-zA-Z0-9]）&br&\W任何一个非字母数字或下划线字符（等价于[^a-zA-Z0-9]）&br&匹配空白字符\s任何一个空白字符（等价于[\f\n\r\t\v]）&br&\S任何一个非空白字符（等价于[^\f\n\r\t\v]）&br&POSIX字符类[:alnum:]任何一个字母或数字（等价于[a-ZA-Z0-9]）&br&[:alpha:]任何一个字母（等价于[a-ZA-Z]）&br&[:blank:]空格或制表符（等价于[\t ]）
注:t后面有一个空格&br&[:cntrl:]ASCII控制字符（ASCII 0到31，再加上ASCII 127）&br&[:digit:]任何一个数字（等价于[0-9])&br&[:graph:]和[:print:]一样，但不包括空格&br&[:lower:]任何一个小写字母（等价于[a-z])&br&[:print:]任何一个可打印字符&br&[:punct:]既不属于[:alnum:]，也不属于[:cntrl:]的任何一个字符&br&[:space:]任何一个空格字符，包括空格（等价于[f\n\r\t\v ] 注:v后面有一个空格&br&[:upper:]任何一个大写字母（等价于[A-Z])&br&[:xdigit:]任何一个十六进制数字(等价于[a-fA-F0-9])&br&其他.可以匹配任何单个的字符字母数字甚至.字符本身。同一个正则表达式允许使用多个.字符。但不能匹配换行&br&\\转义字符，如果要匹配就要写成“\\(\\)”&br&|表示可选项，即|前后的表达式任选一个&br&^取非匹配&br&$放在句尾，表示一行字符串的结束&br&()提取匹配的字符串，(\\s*)表示连续空格的字符串&br&[]选择方括号中的任意一个(如[0-2]和[012]完全等价，[Rr]负责匹配字母R和r)&br&{}前面的字符或表达式的重复次数。如{5,12}表示重复的次数不能小于5，不能多于12，否则都不匹配&br&*匹配零个或任意多个字符或字符集合，也可以没有匹配&br&+匹配一个或多个字符，至少匹配一次&br&?匹配零个或一个字符&br&&/p&&p&现在来举几个例子。&/p&&p&首先使用[]中括号的功能，来查找一下看有没有do组合的单词。&/p&&div class=&highlight&&&pre&&code class=&language-text&&&span&&/span&text&-c(&Don't&,&aim&,&for&,&success&,&if&,&you&,&want&,&it&,&just&,&do&,&what&,&you&,&love&,
&and&,&believe&,&in&,&and&,&it&,&will&,&come&,&naturally&)
#查找含有DO组合的单词
grep(&[Dd]o&,text)#不区分大小写
grep(&[D]o&,text)#D要大写
grep(&[d]o&,text)#D小写
&/code&&/pre&&/div&&p&运行结果如下：&/p&&div class=&highlight&&&pre&&code class=&language-text&&&span&&/span&& text&-c(&Don't&,&aim&,&for&,&success&,&if&,&you&,&want&,&it&,&just&,&do&,&what&,&you&,&love&,
&and&,&believe&,&in&,&and&,&it&,&will&,&come&,&naturally&)
& #查找含有DO组合的单词
& grep(&[Dd]o&,text)#不区分大小写
& grep(&[D]o&,text)#D要大写
& grep(&[d]o&,text)#D小写
&/code&&/pre&&/div&&p&邮箱匹配：&/p&&div class=&highlight&&&pre&&code class=&language-text&&&span&&/span&#邮箱匹配：
text2&-c(& is my email address.&)
grepl(&[0-9.*]+@[a-z.*].[a-z.*]&,text2)
&/code&&/pre&&/div&&p&结果如下&/p&&div class=&highlight&&&pre&&code class=&language-text&&&span&&/span&& text2&-c(& is my email address.&)
& grepl(&[0-9.*]+@[a-z.*].[a-z.*]&,text2)
&/code&&/pre&&/div&&p&可以已经查找邮箱的。&/p&
作者：王亨 公众号：跟着菜鸟一起学R语言 (微信ID：learn_R) 配套教程：初级入门篇：R语言快速入门免费视频教程
在我看来，正则表达式的主要用途有两种：①查找特定的信息②查找并编辑特定的信息，也就是我们经常用的替换。。比如我们…
&p&&i&&/i& &i&杜雨&/i& &a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzI5MzQzMjU4Mw%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D009ee8f3f06acaddchksm%3Decfd9abc2e66d8c5affbba4740%26scene%3D38%26key%3D5bc881ac3c593efccbad27aeacbc10c9a7be8b26ef7bdc45fdb59fe59abbb181e2e7e1fd1ddcb02b74df93bef209d617bdad586d%26ascene%3D7%26uin%3DMTk2ODYzMDIxNQ%253D%253D%26devicetype%3DWindows%2BUnKnow%26version%3Dpass_ticket%3Dwis7EFZIy3iu2fNzsI8t88nlCYFsXX%252FexkpUGYMchLVIiLG7vNBDHJ2b8dwEKaEO%26winzoom%3D1%23%23& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&EasyCharts&/a&&/p&&p&今天这一篇整理一下我以往推送过的所有R语言相关文章，一来是方便大家的检索，二来也是阶段性学习的一次总结。&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&关于内容分类，我分成了学习心得篇、R语言基础、数据可视化、网络数据爬取，然后各自类别进行详细的再分类。&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&-----------------------------&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&&b&R语言学习心得篇：&/b&&/p&&p&&b&R语言基础：&/b&&/p&&p&&b&数据可视化：&/b&&/p&&ul&&li&ggplot2语法入门&/li&&li&R语言商务图表&/li&&li&信息图&/li&&li&地理信息可视化&/li&&li&动态可视化&/li&&/ul&&p&&b&网络数据爬取：&/b&&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&&b&----------------------------------&/b&&/p&&p&&b&R语言学习心得篇：&/b&&/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3De650aef87e03e508b6782a%26chksm%3D848c44cfb3fbcddf595b9bb851dd9a831b37bfeee21b20e247f0aeb41%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&给R语言初学者的几个建议~&/a&&/u&&/p&&p&&u&&a 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noreferrer&&R语言可视化——ggplot图表系统中的辅助线&/a&&/u&&/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Dafadchksm%3D848c409bb3fbc98ded3b1feca41c0d7d1663b22eda17d80f66af0ce5%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&不经意间又发现了一个有趣又炫酷的包~&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D3dafae06163fbdchksm%3D848c40a3b3fbc9bd062fa797041cee468f6a085cebd8f21736cabbe8c%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&用优雅的配色来缔造图表专业主义~&/a&&/u&&/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Df129ae8a9c50f%26chksm%3D848c413db3fbc82be8dce0f55d00a3e80fede3e6ddc%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow 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noreferrer&&R语言可视化——关于ggplot所支持的数据地图素材类型&/a&&/u&&/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Dcc82cc751aee%26chksm%3D848c4311b3fbca074cf49bc72f263de5baa8ae84bdeacd36a4e072%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&一篇小短文助你打开数据可视化的任督二脉！&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3De37ea74c7bd1d4a45accfcd6%26chksm%3D848c4325b3fbcad9abacf008c732a10af2cf4d8b74feb%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&数据地图多图层对象的颜色标度重叠问题解决方案&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Daed04bb428a43e3df5fc3%26chksm%3D848c433eb3fbca28fa176ead01a8acceedee2%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& 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href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Dd0a6d4bb6cb2ea4eea3c%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&数据地图系列7|R语言版(上)&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Decd1bbb061a8b48c47c463%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&数据地图系列8|R语言版数据地图（下）&/a&&/u&&/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D4bbc3d46dae710fb5c276a3d82ce8ec6%26chksm%3D848c400ab3fbc91cd8d1cad1abae033c993bb74cbbb274dfcd69660%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&R语言可视化——数据地图应用（东三省）&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a 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noreferrer&&R语言可视化——多图层叠加（离散颜色填充与气泡图综合运用）&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D5dadbcfc37acb441f2e130%26chksm%3D848c4f85b3fbc693cecc124ec2d93affc161ccscene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&R语言可视化——地图与气泡图结合应用&/a&&/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Dbbddea8fd42fea929f6cb40%26chksm%3D848c415eb3fbcd52f0c5a95a3edfc170d23ab76aceebee%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&用R语言复盘美国总统大选结果~&/a&&/u&&/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3De6d89ab3ecf9b22a472a9a3d501ef3db%26chksm%3D848c41e5b3fbc8f35cc52a9a1cd44ab1cbcf48bdd5f78f4dd8f9a89e8ac68dff5%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&R语言可视化——ggplot绘制中心密度辐射图&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D25ba2ea7b8b457bdb4c1%26chksm%3D848c41e4b3fbc8f29dc7f23d1e1bc7ae000cda325f8e96e%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&R语言可视化——中心放射状路径图&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D14cd6716bda140a927d207cd1cfa6794%26chksm%3D848c41a7b3fbc8b1f163e994b5f67d1d6fafa2060fead85ddad01%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&你绝对想不到，数据地图还能这么玩~&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D1dd08dbd8%26chksm%3D848c41bdb3fbc8abd4bfc2ffd03661bdaf5a237b3033001facd064e08cb81b61c9%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&玩转数据地图系列之——地图上的迷你条形图&/a&&/u&&/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D468da03409b%26chksm%3D848c4263b3fbcb757b9beba9a6fbc79d0fafc745a7fe256%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&一个小案例，教你如何从数据抓取、数据清洗到数据可视化&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Dc2e52f9387bc5adbadfc068%26chksm%3D848c4276b3fbcbec8fb403ea3537bfeddc2b82c311bc7a6bdscene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&一篇全是代码的数据可视化案例&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D7eecd354e8f348ce7dc47a%26chksm%3D848c4273b3fbcb6adccbc4e91dada929fe9ffc8%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&小魔方不想跟你说话，并向你扔了一堆代码~~~&/a&&/u&&/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Df0ab5f986fbbbc%26chksm%3D848c420cb3fbcb1abdf4c91e6ee2b0ba9e08efe701e9a1b3a8d2a%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&地图可视化之——移花接木&/a&&/u&&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&REmap地图： &/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Dcaa6cb59a1a59b%26chksm%3D848c4029b3fbc93f41d385de355b725fdd02bfd5ff4cce1c25a29945%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&R语言可视化——REmap动态地图&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Ddchksm%3D848c403fb3fbc929ee74bcf06aace1dc8cd8d1cf05f05af1ee4ade15%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&R语言可视化——REmap(路径图)&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D7c994b0ef09a5cfcaff8b51%26chksm%3D848c4039b3fbc92f88feed57a5fdebb1beb0b1a762b00b%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&R语言可视化——REmapB函数&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D5873c1aefcc5d%26chksm%3D848c4031b3fbc927d824dac4cb7cc7721247eae0002e%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&R语言可视化——REmapC(填充地图)&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Dabaee3d4ab5556%26chksm%3D848c40cbb3fbc9dd4f173aba61cb6d7a4c96f3f17c62e5adc48da75ffscene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&R语言可视化——REmapH(中心热度图)&/a&&/u&&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&leaflet地图：&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D53cf57b48a2cbeab81176cfd62c99be4%26chksm%3D848c41b1b3fbc8a7a116a04a75fd76f38d96a51ebdedc53f72bdfa3df54ba6c854f%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&动态地理信息可视化——leaflet在线地图简介&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D424d7cfef011ebc117d43d%26chksm%3D848c425db3fbcb4b73b4ca1bb1ace747e28739c1acb2a3cfbebbdce6888%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&动态地理信息可视化——散点地图系列&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Dff78d64a317a06dfdee2d0c%26chksm%3D848c4253b3fbcb45b7f020d859f66d25e630a65ea72c5cd626af80edfscene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&动态地理信息可视化——leaflet构造路径图&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D2ea78dbc5c0dfe3facc9f6%26chksm%3D848c4266b3fbcbb10e0aa11b1a0cd5ca7aa3%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&动态地理信息可视化——leaflet填充地图&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D104cf90f94ca%26chksm%3D848c436ab3fbca7cfa00c04a7f17fef68643eeda039fb76dd0365bedcf4ec66a%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&Leaflet在线地图进阶宝典——json素材操纵与图层面板控制&/a&&/u&&/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D6c64cd63b63dchksm%3D848c43cbb3fbcadd3b244fb3febfb78e66f19048ec2dfcd0ad8835dee90%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&leaflet在线地图进阶宝典之——高级辅助特性&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D31bd237aadd610a1b785e59d%26chksm%3D848c43c1b3fbcada2a29d7c6cdcac072d5a8ca2dbe0d3%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&leaflet在线地图进阶宝典——高级交互特性&/a&&/u&&/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Ddbd5bed87c38e29af801c%26chksm%3D848c4389b3fbca9f27a11d9358f6cabaa2f84a973eaadf3f75d9f6bf4c6fscene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&leaflet的小搭档leaflet.minicharts来了，从此动态地图又多了一些乐趣~~~&/a&&/u&&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&商务图表进阶：&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D8aadd3eb77f8b7b6c8ec%26chksm%3D848c4209b3fbcb1fd1ce288d5bbfbde6bca19abcb133ffb44df05a59%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&超强脑洞第二弹之——ggplot构造漏斗图&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D25eac3fa6f%26chksm%3D848c4204b3fbcb122ea9e6d81c191c59c17c25ce011bdc6f07dc0ce%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&超强脑洞第三弹之——ggplot构造瀑布图&/a&&/u& &u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D16fcd4a0ca641ec5da0affb%26chksm%3D848c4201b3fbcb17a78abab4cb82de31c3ad7ecb0c23b505db77f2d%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&超强脑洞第四弹——ggplot构造甘特图&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D67bd559a8c6a1e31df33d2df798d5160%26chksm%3D848c421bb3fbcb0d21e1e35a78b7e130d99d2f8e347fc39ad884ddfc56abffc65172%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&超强脑洞第五弹——ggplot 构造连环饼图&/a&&/u&&/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Dbf92d55fda0e2db9fc34c062e1b75104%26chksm%3D848c42e8b3fbcbfe5f9e1aa35eec3b951abf6fbb3ffc553c1dace0f0d%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&用R语言制作商务图表，让你的图表美出新高度~&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D5b480bdb1bf26feedc96e2873617bfc0%26chksm%3D848c42e4b3fbcbf2be43e12079dcdceebf851cfec2df9c%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&一场用R语言打造的商务图表视觉盛宴~&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D8c0b9c7aacf%26chksm%3D848c42bfb3fbcbaae1d97d86f294f6f07d4dfcfbb16%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&流量结构分布图——桑基图（Sankey）&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Dcf6d698f84e76ff434a16%26chksm%3D848c42b5b3fbcba3ba33c00ef9d964ea0ee31e9e138af67bc558e127fd467f3e%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&流量结构分布图——炫酷和弦图&/a&&/u&&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Dde51b49c3ae7292e60cce1%26chksm%3D848c4397b3fbca812cdab44acec0e361f5bca14ca6b70389fafe75aa%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&Word天呀，气泡图居然还有这种操作~&/a&&/u&&/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Dccf52ed1f8b93b0%26chksm%3D848c4414b3fbcd024f597510aedba15d7b478d6bb7e5dbb988c66cc6f96da43b275%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&这么牛X的包，一般人我不告诉他！！！&/a&&/u&&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&信息图高仿：&/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D3e66d44a5b903c8652f15bda3b41a109%26chksm%3D848c42ffb3fbcbe9ac04eac0dc40b9db2b%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&信息图表高仿——R语言仿一财经典线条比较图&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Df59aa4e8bc83b80138aee%26chksm%3D848c42f7b3fbcbe1f4ce73f6c4b0d0dbd66d8a3e7db45f6fe5e36af9dd694fafe1d%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&用ggplot轻松搞定太极图&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Ddf29ea299fb%26chksm%3D848c42f4b3fbcbe23a0e91abcee85d2b0b0cbbbe8f65f7beaff2c678a934c149%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&用ggplot来挑战数据可视化的上限~&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Da6ec2d3b15e9ad836e40e35achksm%3D848c428eb3fbcb64bdf57e838ec8b0a08a1ae059d7a87fb384fdc9%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&ggplot系列之脑洞大开鱼缸百分比信息图~&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D3e9a8b793ae6dddf702b%26chksm%3D848c4285b3fbcb93be3d0c8cc50ffd17c5ef85b9ecdf7b%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&ggplot制作分析仪表盘&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Df322f1332aac75dec4c11%26chksm%3D848c4282b3fbcb94b74ee15b0e77d18e091be2c935a58dfe67be71f6ae201ae7c8%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&用ggplot2制作静态数据可视化报告！&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Da6ff6ef1fe3%26chksm%3D848c429db3fbcb8b7ca3c0dadea77dcf1fb95%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&R语言数据可视化——仿网易数独圆环条形图&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D0dedcaeda78b%26chksm%3D848c440cb3fbcd1ac3bbfcc7be858f21859aafb016fc2aceeb96cd%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&重要的是图表思维，而不是工具&/a&&/u&&/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Dcc05c3d94c%26chksm%3D848c4429b3fbcd3ff01e763d61aa38b08fe118f54bf901b1fd42da0b3afcc0d5de9%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&让执着成为一种习惯——仿网易数独玫瑰气泡图&/a&&/u&&/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Db8ac06ebf1fc3b8b7ea1a932%26chksm%3D848c4296b3fbcb80fcf9c3a3d65b7b8ac92da193ef8acscene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&是时候展现真正的技术了——让你的图表舞动起来~&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D4e7dbfa7e994%26chksm%3D848c4292b3fbcb84d931e6d7f1c7a4b6d070a773d5d438bb1bc91fb9d05da8d7dd%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&上帝视角——给世界一个特写~&/a&&/u&&/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Dde2be1db9b7%26chksm%3D848c435db3fbca4bbaf68e4dd972eb4052330dbf09f53b22f21e046e2ascene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&像电影一样记录数据可视化&/a&&/u&&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&shiny仪表盘：&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D065e7b86e07d56fd282a792ba3caf7e5%26chksm%3D848c4370b3fbca661e87f901cb1b4c516d93f2b8a8fda6bcscene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&用R-Shiny打造一个美美的在线App&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D1d7d58e57cfe2a3ad955a8ea1e91f3ef%26chksm%3D848c430db3fbca1b4a9cd0e47eac598ca2cdd76cff5438%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&shiny动态仪表盘——360度全空间无死角拖拉换肤功能的旋转地球&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Daeb152dd991fa7%26chksm%3D848c430bb3fbca1d8a4cc4018a27bae21f50afca35ae43d6dscene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&shiny仪表盘应用——2016年美国大选数据可视化案例&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&爬虫及数据可视化：&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Dc45ba230a01%26chksm%3D848c41ccb3fbc8daea7b8a27fb842f5c3c29edbd81c56b855b3877%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&用R语言抓取网页图片——从此高效存图告别手工时代&/a& &/p&&p&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Dfedee2a82ab928bchksm%3D848c423db3fbcb2bcc21126fad9c221eb811e290eace0dcd182d5f3%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&经历过绝望之后，选择去知乎爬了几张图~&/a&&/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D1be67a2a866e9achksm%3D848c4431b3fbcd273a5d53b507cf5a0f591cd7c1b30b1cba50cf3e01%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&一言不合就爬虫系列之——爬取小姐姐的秒拍MV&/a&&/u&&/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Dc382cb91c1be30abba1f7abd6f198bbe%26chksm%3D848c4214b3fbcb020104cbcefbd41cd0923bed61f1b5f238ac833d66c1%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&教你如何优雅的用R语言调用有道翻译&/a&&/u&&/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Dfbefedb42ebe905dfb775b%26chksm%3D848c419cb3fbc88a8db0ef3c1c8bfd25fb466f0551af96bff6f4dfa9a07b64a638%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&2017年的第一周，你吸了多少雾霾？&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Df65fae259ced%26chksm%3D848c41afb3fbc8b9cfe28f9fee490b7f1d5def51cf25e3ffscene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&用数据来聊聊国产电影~&/a&&/u&&/p&&p&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D4ceab6e7d4a3e63d0f90%26chksm%3D848c4228b3fbcb3e87a49c7d6e845bae6fee950ba7e%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&当大家都在讨论金刚狼3的时候，他们到底在说些什么~&/a&&/p&&p&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D9d1cccf5%26chksm%3D848c42cab3fbcbdc6be5a6bd599d994a98be1ee90fb2fbbcscene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&一篇文章揭开office配色模板的的神秘面纱~&/a&&/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D94230eeacf00a12356d9cae84bab14b4%26chksm%3D848c4230b3fbcb26ea2f4b224ed6df90ded44d71ed5e1a57cbf0d64715%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&你知道经管类的核心期刊都分布在那里吗？&/a&&/u&&/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D125a1b00d504dada53c6dbb202d53a67%26chksm%3D848c4239b3fbcb2fa4dd745d8eb6fae7f1e2ce230e8ac9629fdbe4bc5%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&这是一篇很务正业的可视化推送~（上篇）&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D2%26sn%3D54e00b0fc0cf%26chksm%3D848c4239b3fbcb2fdda319e91b53f5bdeadb46aece4%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&下篇（续）&/a&&/u&&/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D76e341c43121e0eebe7faeb%26chksm%3D848c42dfb3fbcbcad4bcec65c01d68e597e4eb3c51f578f9cc0f10dc6%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&大连市2016年空气质量数据可视化~&/a&&/u&&/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Decc5c8a19244%26chksm%3D848c42f1b3fbcbe757ef7dee48efa7b81c1a44399d4dce887a162b200bae8d560d%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&北京历史空气质量数据可视化~&/a&&/u&&/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3De9c517fd35f794d4c98f96fc54ddf971%26chksm%3D848c428bb3fbcb9d0e232d79988feccff86b60e32abbedf9cfa9a0%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&挑战不可能之——ggplot环形字体地图&/a&&/u& &/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Ded38ff22ca148ede050b7b%26chksm%3D848c4288b3fbcb9e185f3ea02e0aaff14eacbd5b898%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&用emoji表情包来可视化北京市历史天气状况！&/a&&/u&&/p&&p&&u&&a href=&https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzA3Njc0NzA0MA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Dbfaa220d6f%26chksm%3D848c4376b3fbcac23462d3aec941cff5e2914a3bff47f8a6a89fd84ba%26scene%3D21%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&实习僧招聘网爬虫数据可视化&/a&&/u&&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&我也不敢相信自己竟然写过这么多代码，不过都是过去的事情了，以后要往前看，不断地优化代码，学习新东西的同时不断巩固旧知识，抱着一种归零的心态，总结、凝练、提升、创新~~~&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&figure&&img src=&https://pic4.zhimg.com/v2-fccaedb2b94cf9d4c24fd_b.jpg& data-rawwidth=&678& data-rawheight=&43& class=&origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb& width=&678& data-original=&https://pic4.zhimg.com/v2-fccaedb2b94cf9d4c24fd_r.jpg&&&/figure&&p&&br&&/p&&figure&&img src=&https://pic3.zhimg.com/v2-ee0b6cccf34469fdfba09_b.jpg& data-rawwidth=&220& data-rawheight=&56& class=&content_image& width=&220&&&/figure&&p&&/p&&p&&/p&
杜雨 今天这一篇整理一下我以往推送过的所有R语言相关文章，一来是方便大家的检索，二来也是阶段性学习的一次总结。 关于内容分类，我分成了学习心得篇、R语言基础、数据可视化、网络数据爬取，然后各自类别进行详细的再分类。 ------…
&figure&&img src=&https://pic4.zhimg.com/v2-52f6dcc45d928ccbefcec4_b.jpg& data-rawwidth=&1918& data-rawheight=&1080& class=&origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb& width=&1918& data-original=&https://pic4.zhimg.com/v2-52f6dcc45d928ccbefcec4_r.jpg&&&/figure&用过R的朋友们相信一定不会对Hadley·Wickham这个名字有所陌生，作为RStudio的Chief Scientist，他为R用户贡献了多个重量级的package（ggplot2、dplyr等等）。而今天介绍的这个lubridate包，也是由他所编写，专注于对日期时间数据（Date-time data）的处理。&p&对于日期时间数据，R在基础包中提供了两种类型的时间数据，一类是Date日期数据，它不包括时间和时区信息；另一类是POSIXct/POSIXlt类型数据，其中包括了日期、时间和时区信息。一般来讲，R语言中建立时序数据是通过字符型转化而来，但由于时序数据形式多样，而且R中存贮格式也是五花八门，例如Date/ts/xts/zoo/tis/fts等等。用户很容易被一系列的数据格式所迷惑，所以时序数据的转化和操作并不是非常方便。&br&&/p&&p&为此，我们引入第三方包lubridate，该包主要有两类函数，一类用于处理时点数据（time instants），另一类则用于处理时段数据（time spans）。虽然这些基础功能R Base也能实现，但实现方式及其繁琐，通过下图的对比，我们可以看到同样是时间数据处理，lubridate包比R的基础包的操作是何等的简洁。&br&&/p&&figure&&img src=&https://pic3.zhimg.com/v2-124df349e933ff79479a96_b.jpg& data-rawwidth=&600& data-rawheight=&295& class=&origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb& width=&600& data-original=&https://pic3.zhimg.com/v2-124df349e933ff79479a96_r.jpg&&&/figure&&br&&h2&一、解析日期与时间（Parsing dates and times）&/h2&&p&首先，在使用lubridate包识别日期前，我们需要告诉它年（y）月（m）日（d）的排列顺序，而函数本身就是这几个字母的组合，非常形象：&br&&/p&&div class=&highlight&&&pre&&code class=&language-splus&&&span&&/span&&span class=&o&&&&/span& ymd&span class=&p&&(&/span&&span class=&m&&&/span&&span class=&p&&);&/span&myd&span class=&p&&(&/span&&span class=&m&&&/span&&span class=&p&&);&/span&dmy&span class=&p&&(&/span&&span class=&m&&&/span&&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&span class=&p&&[&/span&&span class=&m&&1&/span&&span class=&p&&]&/span& &span class=&s&&&&&/span&
&span class=&p&&[&/span&&span class=&m&&1&/span&&span class=&p&&]&/span& &span class=&s&&&&&/span&
&span class=&p&&[&/span&&span class=&m&&1&/span&&span class=&p&&]&/span& &span class=&s&&&&&/span&
&/code&&/pre&&/div&&p&在此基础上，如果需要读取含具体时间的数据，就需要在函数里再加上小时（h）分钟（m）和秒（s）；如果需要读入的时间具有特定时区，那就用tz选项来指定。&br&&/p&&div class=&highlight&&&pre&&code class=&language-splus&&&span&&/span&&span class=&o&&&&/span& test_date &span class=&o&&&-&/span& ymd_hms&span class=&p&&(&/span&&span class=&s&&&-12-01-30&&/span&&span class=&p&&,&/span& tz &span class=&o&&=&/span& &span class=&s&&&Pacific/Auckland&&/span&&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&span class=&o&&&&/span& test_date
&span class=&p&&[&/span&&span class=&m&&1&/span&&span class=&p&&]&/span& &span class=&s&&& 12:01:30 NZST&&/span&
&/code&&/pre&&/div&&p&所有公式如下表：&br&&/p&&figure&&img src=&https://pic2.zhimg.com/34e4c626c970c89bb4ca2_b.jpg& class=&content_image&&&/figure&&p&lubriadate非常灵活，它可以“智能”的判断我们的输入格式，最好的得到标准的时间格式，甚至即使你的输入不完全，通过一个truncated选项， 也可以识别不完整信息的日期输入格式。&br&&/p&&div class=&highlight&&&pre&&code class=&language-splus&&&span&&/span&&span class=&o&&&&/span& test_date&span class=&o&&&-&/span& &span class=&kt&&c&/span&&span class=&p&&(&/span&&span class=&m&&&/span&&span class=&p&&,&/span& &span class=&s&&&&&/span&&span class=&p&&,&/span& &span class=&s&&&&&/span&&span class=&p&&,&/span& &span class=&s&&&&&/span&&span class=&p&&,&/span&&span class=&s&&&&&/span&&span class=&p&&,&/span& &span class=&s&&&Created on &&/span&&span class=&p&&,&/span& &span class=&s&&&201706 !!! 07&&/span&&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&span class=&o&&&&/span& ymd&span class=&p&&(&/span&test_date&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&span class=&p&&[&/span&&span class=&m&&1&/span&&span class=&p&&]&/span& &span class=&s&&&&&/span& &span class=&s&&&&&/span& &span class=&s&&&&&/span& &span class=&s&&&&&/span& &span class=&s&&&&&/span& &span class=&s&&&&&/span& &span class=&s&&&&&/span&
&/code&&/pre&&/div&&p&在上面的这个例子中，日期时间数据虽然杂乱，但还是按照年、月、日的顺序排列的，但如果拿到的数据年月日是无序排列的呢？&/p&&p&这里就需要介绍一个新的函数parse_date_time()&strong&，&/strong&它可以将格式各样的日期时间字符转换为日期时间类型的数据。该函数中有一个重要的参数，即orders，通过该参数指定可能的日期格式顺序，如年-月-日或月-日-年等顺序。&/p&&div class=&highlight&&&pre&&code class=&language-splus&&&span&&/span&&span class=&o&&&&/span& test_date &span class=&o&&&-&/span& &span class=&kt&&c&/span&&span class=&p&&(&/span&&span class=&s&&''&/span&&span class=&p&&,&/span&&span class=&s&&'120315'&/span&&span class=&p&&,&/span&&span class=&s&&'12/17/1996'&/span&&span class=&p&&,&/span&&span class=&s&&'09-01-01'&/span&&span class=&p&&,&/span&&span class=&s&&''&/span&&span class=&p&&,&/span&&span class=&s&&''&/span&&span class=&p&&,&/span&&span class=&s&&'Created on '&/span&&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&span class=&o&&&&/span& parse_date_time&span class=&p&&(&/span&test_date&span class=&p&&,&/span&order &span class=&o&&=&/span& &span class=&kt&&c&/span&&span class=&p&&(&/span&&span class=&s&&'ymd'&/span&&span class=&p&&,&/span&&span class=&s&&'mdy'&/span&&span class=&p&&,&/span&&span class=&s&&'dmy'&/span&&span class=&p&&,&/span&&span class=&s&&'ymd'&/span&&span class=&p&&))&/span&
&span class=&p&&[&/span&&span class=&m&&1&/span&&span class=&p&&]&/span& &span class=&s&&& UTC&&/span& &span class=&s&&& UTC&&/span& &span class=&s&&& UTC&&/span& &span class=&s&&& UTC&&/span& &span class=&s&&& UTC&&/span&
&span class=&p&&[&/span&&span class=&m&&6&/span&&span class=&p&&]&/span& &span class=&s&&& UTC&&/span& &span class=&s&&& UTC&&/span&
&/code&&/pre&&/div&&br&&h2&二、设置与提取信息（Setting and Extracting information）&/h2&&p&&b&1. 精确提取&/b&&br&&/p&&p&从日期时间提取信息的函数也非常直观，second()，minute()，hour()，day()，wday()，yday()，week()，month()，year()，tz()分别可以提取秒，分，小时，天，周的第几天，年的第几天，星期，月，年和时区的信息。&br&&/p&&p&这些函数同样也可以用来设置修改这些信息。其中，wday()和month()这两个功能有一个label的选项，可以选择显示数值或是名字（eg：wday()可显示7或者Sat。注：weekday默认周日为1）&br&&/p&&div class=&highlight&&&pre&&code class=&language-splus&&&span&&/span&&span class=&o&&&&/span& test &span class=&o&&&-&/span& ymd_hms&span class=&p&&(&/span&&span class=&s&&'/12/00/00'&/span&&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&span class=&o&&&&/span& test
&span class=&p&&[&/span&&span class=&m&&1&/span&&span class=&p&&]&/span& &span class=&s&&& 12:00:00 UTC&&/span&
&span class=&o&&&&/span& second&span class=&p&&(&/span&test&span class=&p&&)&/span& &span class=&o&&&-&/span& &span class=&m&&30&/span&
&span class=&o&&&&/span& test
&span class=&p&&[&/span&&span class=&m&&1&/span&&span class=&p&&]&/span& &span class=&s&&& 12:00:30 UTC&&/span&
&/code&&/pre&&/div&&div class=&highlight&&&pre&&code class=&language-splus&&&span&&/span&&span class=&o&&&&/span& wday&span class=&p&&(&/span&test&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&span class=&p&&[&/span&&span class=&m&&1&/span&&span class=&p&&]&/span& &span class=&m&&5&/span&
&span class=&o&&&&/span& wday&span class=&p&&(&/span&test&span class=&p&&,&/span&label &span class=&o&&=&/span& &span class=&kc&&TRUE&/span&&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&span class=&p&&[&/span&&span class=&m&&1&/span&&span class=&p&&]&/span& Thurs
Levels&span class=&o&&:&/span& Sun &span class=&o&&&&/span& Mon &span class=&o&&&&/span& Tues &span class=&o&&&&/span& Wed &span class=&o&&&&/span& Thurs &span class=&o&&&&/span& Fri &span class=&o&&&&/span& Sat
&/code&&/pre&&/div&&p&&b&2. 模糊提取（取整）&/b&&br&&/p&&p&模糊取整即截断函数，即将日期时间型数据取整到不同的单位，如年、季、月、日、时等。&br&&/p&&div class=&highlight&&&pre&&code class=&language-splus&&&span&&/span&&span class=&c1&&# 四舍五入取整&/span&
&span class=&o&&&&/span& round_date&span class=&p&&()&/span&
&span class=&c1&&# 向下取整&/span&
&span class=&o&&&&/span& floor_date&span class=&p&&()&/span&
&span class=&c1&&# 向上取整&/span&
&span class=&o&&&&/span& ceiling_date&span class=&p&&()&/span&
&/code&&/pre&&/div&&div class=&highlight&&&pre&&code class=&language-splus&&&span&&/span&&span class=&o&&&&/span& test_date &span class=&o&&&-&/span& &span class=&kp&&as.POSIXct&/span&&span class=&p&&(&/span&&span class=&s&&& 12:34:59&&/span&&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&span class=&o&&&&/span& round_date&span class=&p&&(&/span&test_date&span class=&p&&,&/span&&span class=&s&&'hour'&/span&&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&span class=&p&&[&/span&&span class=&m&&1&/span&&span class=&p&&]&/span& &span class=&s&&& 13:00:00 CST&&/span&
&span class=&o&&&&/span& ceiling_date&span class=&p&&(&/span&test_date&span class=&p&&,&/span&&span class=&s&&'hour'&/span&&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&span class=&p&&[&/span&&span class=&m&&1&/span&&span class=&p&&]&/span& &span class=&s&&& 13:00:00 CST&&/span&
&span class=&o&&&&/span& floor_date&span class=&p&&(&/span&test_date&span class=&p&&,&/span&&span class=&s&&'hour'&/span&&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&span class=&p&&[&/span&&span class=&m&&1&/span&&span class=&p&&]&/span& &span class=&s&&& 12:00:00 CST&&/span&
&/code&&/pre&&/div&&div class=&highlight&&&pre&&code class=&language-splus&&&span&&/span&&span class=&c1&&# 自定义提取&/span&
&span class=&o&&&&/span& x &span class=&o&&&-&/span& &span class=&kp&&as.POSIXct&/span&&span class=&p&&(&/span&&span class=&s&&& 12:01:59.23&&/span&&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&span class=&o&&&&/span& round_date&span class=&p&&(&/span&x&span class=&p&&,&/span& &span class=&s&&&second&&/span&&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&span class=&p&&[&/span&&span class=&m&&1&/span&&span class=&p&&]&/span& &span class=&s&&& 12:01:59 CST&&/span&
&span class=&o&&&&/span& round_date&span class=&p&&(&/span&x&span class=&p&&,&/span& &span class=&s&&&minute&&/span&&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&span class=&p&&[&/span&&span class=&m&&1&/span&&span class=&p&&]&/span& &span class=&s&&& 12:02:00 CST&&/span&
&span class=&o&&&&/span& round_date&span class=&p&&(&/span&x&span class=&p&&,&/span& &span class=&s&&&2 hours&&/span&&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&span class=&p&&[&/span&&span class=&m&&1&/span&&span class=&p&&]&/span& &span class=&s&&& 12:00:00 CST&&/span&
&span class=&o&&&&/span& round_date&span class=&p&&(&/span&x&span class=&p&&,&/span& &span class=&s&&&halfyear&&/span&&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&span class=&p&&[&/span&&span class=&m&&1&/span&&span class=&p&&]&/span& &span class=&s&&& CST&&/span&
&span class=&o&&&&/span& round_date&span class=&p&&(&/span&x&span class=&p&&,&/span& &span class=&s&&&month&&/span&&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&span class=&p&&[&/span&&span class=&m&&1&/span&&span class=&p&&]&/span& &span class=&s&&& CST&&/span&
&span class=&o&&&&/span& round_date&span class=&p&&(&/span&x&span class=&p&&,&/span& &span class=&s&&&5 mins&&/span&&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&span class=&p&&[&/span&&span class=&m&&1&/span&&span class=&p&&]&/span& &span class=&s&&& 12:00:00 CST&&/span&
&span class=&c1&&# 向上向下取整同理&/span&
&/code&&/pre&&/div&&br&&h2&三、时区（Time Zones）&/h2&&p&在lubridate包中，与时区相关的function主要做两件事。其一，显示同一个时间点在不同时区的时间；其二，结合某个时间点和给定时区，新建一个给定时区的时间点。简单来讲第一个是变换时区，用with_tz()；第二个是固定时区，用force_tz()。&br&&/p&&div class=&highlight&&&pre&&code class=&language-splus&&&span&&/span&&span class=&o&&&&/span& test_date &span class=&o&&&-&/span& ymd_hms&span class=&p&&(&/span&&span class=&s&&& 09:00:00&&/span&&span class=&p&&,&/span& tz &span class=&o&&=&/span& &span class=&s&&&Pacific/Auckland&&/span&&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&span class=&o&&&&/span& with_tz&span class=&p&&(&/span&test_date&span class=&p&&,&/span&&span class=&s&&&America/New_York&&/span&&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&span class=&p&&[&/span&&span class=&m&&1&/span&&span class=&p&&]&/span& &span class=&s&&& 17:00:00 EDT&&/span&
&/code&&/pre&&/div&&div class=&highlight&&&pre&&code class=&language-splus&&&span&&/span&&span class=&c1&&# 给定时间和时区，新建一个给定时区的对应时间点&/span&
&span class=&o&&&&/span& test_date &span class=&o&&&-&/span& ymd_hms&span class=&p&&(&/span&&span class=&s&&& 12:00:00&&/span&&span class=&p&&,&/span& tz &span class=&o&&=&/span& &span class=&s&&&America/Chicago&&/span&&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&span class=&o&&&&/span& test_date
&span class=&p&&[&/span&&span class=&m&&1&/span&&span class=&p&&]&/span& &span class=&s&&& 12:00:00 CDT&&/span&
&span class=&o&&&&/span& test_date_1 &span class=&o&&&-&/span& force_tz&span class=&p&&(&/span&test_date&span class=&p&&,&/span&tz&span class=&o&&=&/span&&span class=&s&&&Europe/London&&/span&&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&span class=&o&&&&/span& test_date_1
&span class=&p&&[&/span&&span class=&m&&1&/span&&span class=&p&&]&/span& &span class=&s&&& 12:00:00 BST&&/span&
&/code&&/pre&&/div&&br&&h2&四、时间间隔（Time Intervals）&/h2&&div class=&highlight&&&pre&&code class=&language-splus&&&span&&/span&&span class=&o&&&&/span& begin1 &span class=&o&&&-&/span& ymd_hms&span class=&p&&(&/span&&span class=&s&&&:00:00&&/span&&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&span class=&o&&&&/span& end1 &span class=&o&&&-&/span& ymd_hms&span class=&p&&(&/span&&span class=&s&&&;30:00&&/span&&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&span class=&o&&&&/span& begin2 &span class=&o&&&-&/span& ymd_hms&span class=&p&&(&/span&&span class=&s&&&:00:00&&/span&&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&span class=&o&&&&/span& end2 &span class=&o&&&-&/span& ymd_hms&span class=&p&&(&/span&&span class=&s&&&;30:00&&/span&&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&/code&&/pre&&/div&&div class=&highlight&&&pre&&code class=&language-splus&&&span&&/span&&span class=&o&&&&/span& test_date_1 &span class=&o&&&-&/span& interval&span class=&p&&(&/span&begin1&span class=&p&&,&/span&end1&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&span class=&o&&&&/span& test_date_1
&span class=&p&&[&/span&&span class=&m&&1&/span&&span class=&p&&]&/span& &span class=&m&&&/span& &span class=&m&&12&/span&&span class=&o&&:&/span&&span class=&m&&00&/span&&span class=&o&&:&/span&&span class=&m&&00&/span& UTC&span class=&o&&-&/span&&span class=&m&&-&/span& &span class=&m&&12&/span&&span class=&o&&:&/span&&span class=&m&&30&/span&&span class=&o&&:&/span&&span class=&m&&00&/span& UTC
&span class=&o&&&&/span& test_date_2 &span class=&o&&&-&/span& interval&span class=&p&&(&/span&begin2&span class=&p&&,&/span&end2&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&span class=&c1&&# 判断两段时间是否有重叠&/span&
&span class=&o&&&&/span& int_overlaps&span class=&p&&(&/span&test_date_1&span class=&p&&,&/span&test_date_2&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&span class=&p&&[&/span&&span class=&m&&1&/span&&span class=&p&&]&/span& &span class=&kc&&TRUE&/span&
&/code&&/pre&&/div&&p&其他操作时间间隔的函数还包括：int_start，int_end，int_flip，int_shift，int_aligns，union，intersect和%within%等。&br&&/p&&p&在得到时间间隔的数据后，我们还可以通过time_length()函数进一步计算